Parkinson's Disease

From Psy3241

Parkinson's disease Also called: Paralysis agitans or Shaking palsy

Parkinson's disease (PD)is a degenerative condition which affects neurons in the part of the brain that controls muscle movement. PD belongs to a group of conditions called motor system disorders. These disorders are categorized by the loss of neurons that make dopamine (chemical that sends signals to create movement). These cells either die or do not work properly.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/PET_scan_Parkinson's_Disease.jpg

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of PD include: -tremors or trembling in hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face -stiffness of the limbs and trunk -movement slows -posture instable, impaired balance and coordination

Other symptoms may include:

-depression and other emotional changes -difficulty in swallowing -chewing -speaking -urinary problems or constipation -skin problems -disrupted sleep cycle

These symptoms cause one to have trouble walking, talking and interfere with many other daily activities. Though it usually starts to affect people over 50 symptoms may start earlier. Early symptoms are subtle but progress over time, varying between patients.

Treatment

Though PD can not be cured symptoms can be controlled or diminished with treatments such as medication, physical therapy and even diet and exercise can help. Working with a physical therapist can help improve walking and overall balance while working with a speech pathologist can help improve speech and swallowing. When life style changes aren't enough most doctors will recommend the use of medications. A form of therapy that can be used to treat Parkinson's disease is called deep brain stimulation (DBS). This process involves implanting electrodes into the brain and connecting them to a small electrical device called a pulse generator. DBS can reduce the need for some drugs and can help alleviate fluctuations of symptoms.