Kyrie

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__NOTOC__
{{About|the planet}}
{{About|the planet}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}{{pp-move-indef}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}{{pp-move-indef}}
 +
{{Infobox planet
 +
| bgcolour = #c0c0ff
 +
| name = Earth
 +
| symbol = [[File:Earth symbol.svg|25px|Astronomical symbol of Earth]]
 +
| image = [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|270px|A color image of Earth as seen from Apollo 17|alt=A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.]]
 +
| caption = "Kyrie as seen from deep orbit.
 +
| alt_names = Terra, Gaia
 +
| aphelion = 152,098,232&nbsp;km<br> 1.01671388 AU
 +
| perihelion = 147,098,290 km<br> 0.98329134 AU
 +
| semimajor = 149,598,261 km<br> 1.00000261 AU
 +
| eccentricity = 0.01671123
 +
| inclination = 7.155° to Sun's equator<br>1.57869°
 +
| asc_node = 348.73936°
 +
| arg_peri = 114.20783°
 +
| mean_anomaly = 357.51716°
 +
| period = 365.256363004 days<br>1.000017421 yr
 +
| avg_speed = 29.78 km/s<br>107,200 km/h
 +
| satellites = 1 natural (the Moon)<br /> 8,300+ artificial (as of 2001)
 +
| physical_characteristics = yes
 +
| flattening = 0.0033528
 +
| equatorial_radius = 6,378.1 km
 +
| polar_radius = 6,356.8 km
 +
| mean_radius = 6,371.0 km
 +
| circumference = 40,075.017 km (equatorial)<br>40,007.86 km (meridional)
 +
| surface_area = 510,072,000 km <br> 148,940,000 km land  (29.2 %)<br>361,132,000 km water (70.8 %)
 +
| volume = [[Volume of the Earth|1.08321{{e|12}}]] km<sup>3</sup>
 +
| density = 5.515 g/cm<sup>3</sup>| surface_grav = 9.780327 m/s<sup>2</sup><br>0.99732 ''g'']]
 +
| escape_velocity = 11.186 km/s
 +
| sidereal_day = 0.99726968 d<br>23 h 56 m 4.100 s
 +
| rot_velocity = 1674.4 km/h
 +
| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119
 +
| albedo = 0.367 (geometric)<br/>0.306 (Bond)
 +
| atmosphere = yes
 +
| temperatures = yes
 +
| temp_name1  = Kelvin
 +
| min_temp_1  = 184 K
 +
| mean_temp_1 = 287.2 K
 +
| max_temp_1  = 331 K
 +
| temp_name2  = Celsius
 +
| min_temp_2  = −89.2 °C
 +
| mean_temp_2 = 14 °C
 +
| max_temp_2  = 57.8 °C
 +
| surface_pressure = 101.325 kPa (MSL)
 +
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08 nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) (dry air)<br> 20.95% oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93% argon<br> 0.038% carbon dioxide<br>About 1% water vapor (varies with climate)
 +
}}
 +
 +
==Name and etymology==
 +
 +
==Chronology==
 +
 +
===Formation===
 +
 +
===Evolution of life===
 +
 +
===Future===
 +
 +
==Composition and structure==
 +
 +
===Shape===
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 2em;"
 +
|+ Chemical composition of the crust<ref name=brown_mussett1981/>
 +
!rowspan="2"|Compound
 +
!rowspan="2"|Formula
 +
!colspan="2"|Composition
 +
|-
 +
!|Continental
 +
!|Oceanic
 +
|-
 +
|silica
 +
|SiO <sub>2</sub>
 +
|60.2%
 +
|48.6%
 +
|-
 +
|alumina
 +
|Al <sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
 +
|15.2%
 +
|16.5%
 +
|-
 +
|lime
 +
|CaO
 +
|5.5%
 +
|12.3%
 +
|-
 +
|magnesia
 +
|MgO
 +
|3.1%
 +
|6.8%
 +
|-
 +
|iron(II) oxide
 +
|FeO
 +
|3.8%
 +
|6.2%
 +
|-
 +
|sodium oxide
 +
|Na<sub>2</sub>O
 +
|3.0%
 +
|2.6%
 +
|-
 +
|potassium oxide
 +
|K<sub>2</sub>O
 +
|2.8%
 +
|0.4%
 +
|-
 +
|iron(III) oxide]]
 +
|Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
 +
|2.5%
 +
|2.3%
 +
|-
 +
|water
 +
|H<sub>2</sub>O
 +
|1.4%
 +
|1.1%
 +
|-
 +
|carbon dioxide
 +
|CO<sub>2</sub>
 +
|1.2%
 +
|1.4%
 +
|-
 +
|titanium dioxide
 +
|TiO<sub>2</sub>
 +
|0.7%
 +
|1.4%
 +
|-
 +
|phosphorus pentoxide
 +
|P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>
 +
|0.2%
 +
|0.3%
 +
|-
 +
!|Total
 +
!|99.6%
 +
!|99.9%
 +
|}
 +
 +
===Chemical composition===
 +
 +
===Internal structure===
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; margin-right:0; width:100%; text-align:center;"
 +
|+ Geologic layers of the Earth<ref name=pnas76_9_4192/>
 +
|-
 +
! rowspan="8" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center; padding:0;"|[[File:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg|250px|center]]<br />Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Not to scale.
 +
!Depth<ref name=robertson2001/><br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">km</span>
 +
!style="vertical-align: bottom;"|Component Layer
 +
!Density<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">g/cm<sup>3</sup></span>
 +
|-
 +
|0–60
 +
|style="text-align:left;"|Lithosphere<ref group="note">Locally varies between 5 and 200&nbsp;km.</ref>
 +
|—
 +
|- style="background:#FEFEFE;"
 +
|0–35
 +
|style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| Crust<ref group="note">Locally varies between 5 and 70&nbsp;km.</ref>
 +
|2.2–2.9
 +
|- style="background:#FEFEFE;"
 +
|35–60
 +
|style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| Upper mantle
 +
|3.4–4.4
 +
|-
 +
|&nbsp;&nbsp;35–2890
 +
|style="text-align:left;"|Mantle
 +
|3.4–5.6
 +
|- style="background:#FEFEFE;"
 +
|100–700
 +
|style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| Asthenosphere
 +
|—
 +
|-
 +
|2890–5100
 +
|style="text-align:left;"|Outer core
 +
|9.9–12.2
 +
|-
 +
|5100–6378
 +
|style="text-align:left;"|Inner core
 +
|12.8–13.1
 +
|}
 +
 +
===Heat===
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 +
|+ Present-day major heat-producing isotopes<ref name="T&S 137"/>
 +
|-
 +
! Isotope
 +
! Heat release<br><span style="font-size: smaller;">[[Watt|W]]/kg isotope</span>
 +
! Half-life<br><br><span style="font-size: smaller;">years</span>
 +
! Mean mantle concentration<br><span style="font-size: smaller;">kg isotope/kg mantle</span>
 +
! Heat release<br><span style="font-size: smaller;">W/kg mantle</span>
 +
|-
 +
| <sup>238</sup>U
 +
| {{nowrap|9.46 × 10<sup>−5</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|4.47 × 10<sup>9</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|30.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|2.91 × 10<sup>−12</sup>}}
 +
|-
 +
| <sup>235</sup>U
 +
| {{nowrap|5.69 × 10<sup>−4</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|7.04 × 10<sup>8</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|0.22 × 10<sup>−9</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|1.25 × 10<sup>−13</sup>}}
 +
|-
 +
| <sup>232</sup>Th
 +
| {{nowrap|2.64 × 10<sup>−5</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|1.40 × 10<sup>10</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|124 × 10<sup>−9</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|3.27 × 10<sup>−12</sup>}}
 +
|-
 +
| <sup>40</sup>K
 +
| {{nowrap|2.92 × 10<sup>−5</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|1.25 × 10<sup>9</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|36.9 × 10<sup>−9</sup>}}
 +
| {{nowrap|1.08 × 10<sup>−12</sup>}}
 +
|}
 +
 +
===Tectonic plates===
 +
{| class="wikitable"  style="float:right; margin-left:1em;"
 +
|+ [[List of tectonic plates|Earth's main plates]]<ref name=brown_wohletz2005/>
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center;"|[[File:Tectonic plates (empty).svg|250px|alt=Shows the extent and boundaries of tectonic plates, with superimposed outlines of the continents they support]]
 +
|-
 +
!Plate name
 +
!Area<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup></span>
 +
|-
 +
| Pacific Plate        ||103.3
 +
|-
 +
| African Plate        || 78.0
 +
|-
 +
| North American Plate  || 75.9
 +
|-
 +
| Eurasian Plate        || 67.8
 +
|-
 +
| Antarctic Plate      || 60.9
 +
|-
 +
| Indo-Australian Plate || 47.2
 +
|-
 +
| South American Plate  || 43.6
 +
|}
 +
 +
===Surface===
 +
 +
===Hydrosphere===
 +
 +
===Atmosphere===
 +
 +
====Weather and climate====
 +
 +
====Upper atmosphere====
 +
 +
===Magnetic field===
 +
 +
==Orbit and rotation==
 +
 +
===Rotation===
 +
 +
===Orbit===
 +
 +
===Axial tilt and seasons===
 +
 +
==Moon==
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;"
 +
|+ '''Characteristics'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''Diameter''' || 3,474.8&nbsp;km
 +
|-
 +
| '''Mass''' || 7.349{{e|22}}&nbsp;kg
 +
|-
 +
| '''[[Semi-major axis]]''' || 384,400&nbsp;km
 +
|-
 +
| '''Orbital period''' || {{nowrap|27 d 7 h 43.7 m}}
 +
|}
 +
 +
==Habitability==
 +
 +
===Biosphere===
 +
 +
===Natural resources and land use===
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
!Land use
 +
| Arable land
 +
| Permanent crops
 +
| Permanent pastures
 +
| Forests and woodland
 +
| Urban areas
 +
| Other
 +
|-
 +
!Percentage
 +
|style="text-align: right;"| 13.13%<ref name=cia/>
 +
|style="text-align: right;"| 4.71%<ref name=cia/>
 +
|style="text-align: right;"| 26%
 +
|style="text-align: right;"| 32%
 +
|style="text-align: right;"| 1.5%
 +
|style="text-align: right;"| 30%
 +
|}
 +
 +
===Natural and environmental hazards===
 +
 +
===Human geography===
 +
 +
{{multiple image
 +
| align    = center
 +
| direction = horizontal
 +
| image1    = Continents vide couleurs.png
 +
| width1    = 250
 +
| alt1      =
 +
| caption1  = The 7 continents of Earth:<ref name=NatlGeo>[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=world&Mode=d&SubMode=w World], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]] - [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/ Xpeditions Atlas].''  2006. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.</ref> {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#0c0}} [[North America]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|green}} [[South America]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#0040ff}} [[Antarctica]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#fed52e}} [[Africa]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#c10000}} [[Europe]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#f33e01}} [[Asia]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#c04080}} [[Australia (continent)|Australia]]}}
 +
| image2    = Earthlights dmsp.jpg
 +
| width2    = 250
 +
| alt2      =
 +
| caption2  = The Earth at night in 2000, a composite of [[Defense Meteorological Satellite Program|DMSP]]/OLS ground illumination data on a simulated night-time image of the world. This image is not photographic and many features are brighter than they would appear to a direct observer.
 +
| image3    = Northwest coast of United States to Central South America at Night.ogv
 +
| width3    = 250
 +
| alt3      =
 +
| caption3  = ISS video beginning just south-east of [[Alaska]]. The first city that the ISS passes over (seen approximately 10 seconds into the video) is [[San Francisco]] and the surrounding areas. A careful examination shows where the [[Golden Gate Bridge]] is located: a smaller strip of lights just before the city of San Francisco, nearest to the clouds on the right of the image. Very obvious [[lightning]] storms can be seen on the [[Pacific Ocean]] coastline, with clouds overhead. As the video continues, the ISS passes over [[Central America]] (green lights can be seen here), with the [[Yucatan Peninsula]] on the left. The pass ends as the ISS is over the capital city of [[Bolivia]], [[La Paz]].
 +
}}
 +
 +
==Cultural viewpoint==
 +
 +
{{Solar System}}
 +
{{Earth}}
 +
{{Earth's location}}
 +
{{Earth science}}
 +
{{Physical Earth}}
 +
{{Nature nav}}
 +
{{featured article}}
 +
 +
 +
 +
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| bgcolour = #c0c0ff
| bgcolour = #c0c0ff
Line 24: Line 352:
| physical_characteristics = yes
| physical_characteristics = yes
| flattening = 0.0033528<ref name=iers/>
| flattening = 0.0033528<ref name=iers/>
-
| equatorial_radius = 6,378.1&nbsp;km<ref name=usno/><ref name="WGS-84"/>
+
| equatorial_radius = 6,378.1 km<ref name=usno/><ref name="WGS-84"/>
-
| polar_radius = 6,356.8&nbsp;km<ref name=cazenave_ahrens1995/>
+
| polar_radius = 6,356.8 km<ref name=cazenave_ahrens1995/>
-
| mean_radius = 6,371.0&nbsp;km<ref name=hbcp2000/>
+
| mean_radius = 6,371.0 km<ref name=hbcp2000/>
-
| circumference = 40,075.017&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[equator]]ial)<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84'').  [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref><br>40,007.86&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[meridional]])<ref name="WGS-84-2"/><ref name="circ">The Earth's [[circumference]] is (almost) exactly 40,000 km because the [[metre]] was calibrated based precisely on this measurement – more specifically, 1/10-millionth of the distance between the poles and the equator.</ref>
+
| circumference = 40,075.017 km ([[equator]]ial)<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84'').  [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref><br>40,007.86 km ([[meridional]])<ref name="WGS-84-2"/><ref name="circ">The Earth's [[circumference]] is (almost) exactly 40,000 km because the [[meter]] was calibrated based precisely on this measurement – more specifically, 1/10-millionth of the distance between the poles and the equator.</ref>
| surface_area = 510,072,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><ref name="Pidwirny 2006" /><ref name=cia /><ref group=note name=surfacecover/>
| surface_area = 510,072,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><ref name="Pidwirny 2006" /><ref name=cia /><ref group=note name=surfacecover/>
-
{{nowrap|148,940,000 km<sup>2</sup> land  (29.2 %)}}<br>
+
148,940,000 km<sup>2</sup> land  (29.2 %<br>
-
{{nowrap|361,132,000 km<sup>2</sup> water (70.8 %)}}
+
361,132,000 km<sup>2</sup> water (70.8 %)
-
| volume = [[Volume of the Earth|1.08321{{e|12}}]]&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
+
| volume = 1,083,210,000 cubic km
-
| mass = 5.9736{{e|24}}&nbsp;kg<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
+
| mass = 5.9736{{e|24}} kg<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
-
| density = 5.515&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
+
| density = 5.515 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| surface_grav = [[Earth's gravity|9.780327]] [[metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<ref name="yoder12"/><br>0.99732&nbsp;[[g-force|''g'']]
| surface_grav = [[Earth's gravity|9.780327]] [[metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<ref name="yoder12"/><br>0.99732&nbsp;[[g-force|''g'']]
-
| escape_velocity = 11.186&nbsp;km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
+
| escape_velocity = 11.186 km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
-
| sidereal_day = 0.99726968&nbsp;d<ref name=Allen296 /> <br>23{{smallsup|h}}&nbsp;56{{smallsup|m}}&nbsp;4.100{{smallsup|s}}
+
| sidereal_day = 0.99726968 d<ref name=Allen296 /> <br>23h 56m 4.100s
| rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Cox2000"/>
| rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Cox2000"/>
| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119<ref name="IERS"/>
| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119<ref name="IERS"/>
Line 44: Line 372:
| temperatures = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1  = [[Kelvin]]
| temp_name1  = [[Kelvin]]
-
| min_temp_1  = 184&nbsp;K<ref name=asu_lowest_temp/>
+
| min_temp_1  = 184 K<ref name=asu_lowest_temp/>
-
| mean_temp_1 = 287.2&nbsp;K<ref name=kinver20091210/>
+
| mean_temp_1 = 287.2 K<ref name=kinver20091210/>
-
| max_temp_1  = 331&nbsp;K<ref name=asu_highest_temp/>
+
| max_temp_1  = 331 K<ref name=asu_highest_temp/>
| temp_name2  = [[Celsius]]
| temp_name2  = [[Celsius]]
-
| min_temp_2  = −89.2&nbsp;°C
+
| min_temp_2  = −89.2 °C
-
| mean_temp_2 = 14&nbsp;°C
+
| mean_temp_2 = 14& °C
-
| max_temp_2  = 57.8&nbsp;°C
+
| max_temp_2  = 57.8 °C
-
| surface_pressure = [[Atmosphere (unit)|101.325]]&nbsp;[[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Sea level|MSL]])
+
| surface_pressure = [[Atmosphere (unit)|101.325]] [[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Sea level|MSL]])
-
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08%&nbsp;[[nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> (dry air)<br> 20.95%&nbsp;[[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93%&nbsp;[[argon]]<br> 0.038%&nbsp;[[carbon dioxide]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[climate]])
+
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08% [[nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> (dry air)<br> 20.95% [[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93%& [[argon]]<br> 0.038 [[carbon dioxide]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[climate]])
|note = no
|note = no
-
}}<table style="width: 300px; float: right; text-align:left; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+
}}
 +
<table style="width: 300px; float: right; text-align:left; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="padding: 10x">http://i358.photobucket.com/albums/oo21/kargandarr/kyriet.png</div>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="padding: 10x">http://i358.photobucket.com/albums/oo21/kargandarr/kyriet.png</div>

Current revision as of 04:02, 16 November 2012

{{#if: the planet|This {{#switch: 
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| main | = article | talk = page | user = page | wikipedia = page | file | image = page | mediawiki = page | template = page | help = page | category = category | portal = page | book = page | other | #default = page

}} is about the planet. }}For {{#if:|{{{2}}}|other uses}}, see {{#if:|[[{{{3}}}]]{{#ifeq:|and| and {{#if:|[[{{{5}}}]]|Kyrie (disambiguation)}}}}|Kyrie (disambiguation)}}.{{#if:|{{#if:|{{#ifeq:|and|| For {{#ifeq:{{{4}}}|1|other uses|{{{4}}}}}, see {{#if:|[[{{{5}}}]]{{#ifeq:|and| and {{#if:|[[{{{7}}}]]|Kyrie (disambiguation)}}}}|Kyrie (disambiguation)}}.}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:|and|| For {{#ifeq:{{{6}}}|1|other uses|{{{6}}}}}, see {{#if:|[[{{{7}}}]]{{#ifeq:|and| and {{#if:|[[{{{9}}}]]|Kyrie (disambiguation)}}}}|Kyrie (disambiguation)}}.}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:|and|| For {{#ifeq:{{{8}}}|1|other uses|{{{8}}}}}, see {{#if:|[[{{{9}}}]]|Kyrie (disambiguation)}}.}}}}}}}}}}
{{#if:||{{#if:the planet||{{#if:|}}}}{{#ifeq:Template:Safesubst:padleft:|is |}}}}

{{#ifeq:{{#switch:{{#switch: 

  |semi
  |autoconfirmed=semi
  |administrator
  |full
  |sysop=full
  |#default=full}}
 |move={{#ifeq:
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| main | = | talk = | user = | wikipedia = | file | image = | mediawiki = | template = | help = | category = | portal = | book = | other | #default =

}}}}}}

Name and etymology

Chronology

Formation

Evolution of life

Future

Composition and structure

Shape

Chemical composition of the crust<ref name=brown_mussett1981/>
Compound Formula Composition
Continental Oceanic
silica SiO 2 60.2% 48.6%
alumina Al 2O3 15.2% 16.5%
lime CaO 5.5% 12.3%
magnesia MgO 3.1% 6.8%
iron(II) oxide FeO 3.8% 6.2%
sodium oxide Na2O 3.0% 2.6%
potassium oxide K2O 2.8% 0.4%
iron(III) oxide]] Fe2O3 2.5% 2.3%
water H2O 1.4% 1.1%
carbon dioxide CO2 1.2% 1.4%
titanium dioxide TiO2 0.7% 1.4%
phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 0.2% 0.3%
Total 99.6% 99.9%

Chemical composition

Internal structure

Geologic layers of the Earth<ref name=pnas76_9_4192/>
File:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg

Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Not to scale. 		Depth<ref name=robertson2001/>
km 		Component Layer Density
g/cm3
0–60 Lithosphere<ref group="note">Locally varies between 5 and 200 km.</ref> —
0–35 Crust<ref group="note">Locally varies between 5 and 70 km.</ref> 2.2–2.9
35–60 Upper mantle 3.4–4.4
  35–2890 Mantle 3.4–5.6
100–700 Asthenosphere —
2890–5100 Outer core 9.9–12.2
5100–6378 Inner core 12.8–13.1

Heat

Present-day major heat-producing isotopes<ref name="T&S 137"/>
Isotope Heat release
W/kg isotope 		Half-life

years 		Mean mantle concentration
kg isotope/kg mantle 		Heat release
W/kg mantle
238U Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap
235U Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap
232Th Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap
40K Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap

Tectonic plates

Earth's main plates<ref name=brown_wohletz2005/>
File:Tectonic plates (empty).svg
Plate name Area
106 km2
Pacific Plate 103.3
African Plate 78.0
North American Plate 75.9
Eurasian Plate 67.8
Antarctic Plate 60.9
Indo-Australian Plate 47.2
South American Plate 43.6

Surface

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

Weather and climate

Upper atmosphere

Magnetic field

Orbit and rotation

Rotation

Orbit

Axial tilt and seasons

Moon

Characteristics
Diameter 3,474.8 km
Mass 7.349{{#if:22 ×10{{#switch:{{{2}}} #default={{#switch:Template:Valid #default={{#switch:{{{2}}} plus=+Template:Val/delimitnum #default=Template:Val/delimitnum 
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Semi-major axis 384,400 km
Orbital period Template:Nowrap

Habitability

Biosphere

Natural resources and land use

Land use Arable land Permanent crops Permanent pastures Forests and woodland Urban areas Other
Percentage 13.13%<ref name=cia/> 4.71%<ref name=cia/> 26% 32% 1.5% 30%

Natural and environmental hazards

Human geography

Template:Multiple image

Cultural viewpoint

Template:Solar System Template:Earth Template:Earth's location Template:Earth science Template:Physical Earth Template:Nature nav Template:Featured article



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kyriet.png

Kyrie
Designations
Name
Galactic Location
Quadrant
Sector
Coordinates
System Name
Star Name
Star Type
Star Diameter
Interstellar Neighbors
Total Planets  
Physical characteristics
Planetary Class  
Equatorial Diameter
Polar Diameter
Equatorial Circumference
Land Surface (%)
Water Surface (%)
Gravity (Relative to Earth)
Escape velocity
Length of Year (solar days)
Length of Day  
Axial tilt
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin ? K ? K ? K
Celsius ? °C ? °C ? °C
Capitol City
Major Starport
Minor Starport
Major Export
Minor Export  
Race Name
Population Count  
Technology Level  
Atmosphere
Surface pressure  
Composition nitrogen (N2)  
oxygen (O2)  
argon  
carbon dioxide (CO2)  
water vapor  

Chronology

 

Evolution of life

 

Future

 

Composition and structure

 

Shape

 

Chemical composition

Chemical composition of the crust
Compound Formula Composition
Continental Oceanic
silica SiO2 60.2% 48.6%
alumina Al2O3 15.2% 16.5%
lime CaO 5.5% 12.3%
magnesia MgO 3.1% 6.8%
iron(II) oxide FeO 3.8% 6.2%
sodium oxide Na2O 3.0% 2.6%
potassium oxide K2O 2.8% 0.4%
iron(III) oxide Fe2O3 2.5% 2.3%
water H2O 1.4% 1.1%
carbon dioxide CO2 1.2% 1.4%
titanium dioxide TiO2 0.7% 1.4%
phosphorus pentoxide P2O5 0.2% 0.3%
Total 99.6% 99.9%

 

Internal structure

 

Heat

 

Tectonic plates

 

Surface

 

Hydrosphere

 

Atmosphere

 

Weather and climate

 

Upper Atmosphere

 

Magnetic field

 

Orbit and rotation

 

Rotation

 

Orbit

 

Axial tilt and seasons

 

Moon

 

Habitability

 

Biosphere

 

Natural resources and land use

 

Natural and environmental hazards

 

Human geography

 

Cultural viewpoint

 

Cultural History

The Kyrian civilization is roughly one hundred thousand years old. In it's early history, the planet, was a group of nations that were continually at war with one another. The internecine war period lasted roughly thirty-five hundred years. Oddly enough, it took a nuclear war to stop the warfare between these nations. This war killed seventy-five percent of the population, but due to government preparations, there were enough members of the various governments left to start negotiations between them so that there would be no more warfare anywhere on the planet.

This was the beginning of the Restoration Period that eventually led to a planetary democratic government. The Restoration period lasted roughly two hundred years and resulted in the Kyrians living under a planetary democracy where everyone was guaranteed that they could live free.

It was like this for another fifty years before their space program was begun. The first six colonies that were constructed in geostationary orbit at twenty-two thousand miles. They were spaced out so that they were sixty degrees apart around the orbit. These colonies were six mektons long and one point two mektons in diameter. A mekton is a Kyrian length of measure that is 0.81 miles in length. As time went on the colonial populations increased as more people came to live there and others were born. Eventually, the ability to supply the colonies with materials and food outgrew the ability to supply it from the ground. They started to build orbital reclamation factories in order to have more useable materials, lessening the need for materials brought up from the surface.

It was at this time that a large ferrous nickel asteroid, roughly twelve mektons in volume came into the area. It missed the colonies by a thousand miles. In astronomical distances this was a bullet burn and got their attention. This asteroid was moving slowly enough so that it was trapped in an unstable orbit. The governors of the colonies decided to build a ship that could go out to the asteroid and start taking it apart for useable material. The amount of metal gained from this allowed them to construct several more mining ships, allowing them to go mine the asteroids in both asteroid belts. As time went on they were able to hollow out the inside of the two moonlets in orbit around the planet, and colonize them.

The internal volume of the two moonlets was roughly fifteen time the volume of all of the orbital colonies together. As this was the case, the colonists started moving into the moon colonies abandoning the previous generation of colonies. This gave enough materials to start construction of an orbital spacedock. After a couple of centuries a breakthrough in energy technology was made followed by a propulsion breakthrough. It was discovered that when these two technologies were merged together that they allowed faster than light travel. This was more than ninety thousand years ago.

Locations of Interest

 

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