Kyrie
From Role Players Resource
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+ | __NOTOC__ | ||
+ | {{About|the planet}} | ||
+ | {{pp-semi|small=yes}}{{pp-move-indef}} | ||
+ | {{Infobox planet | ||
+ | | bgcolour = #c0c0ff | ||
+ | | name = Earth | ||
+ | | symbol = [[File:Earth symbol.svg|25px|Astronomical symbol of Earth]] | ||
+ | | image = [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|270px|A color image of Earth as seen from Apollo 17|alt=A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.]] | ||
+ | | caption = "Kyrie as seen from deep orbit. | ||
+ | | alt_names = Terra, Gaia | ||
+ | | aphelion = 152,098,232 km<br> 1.01671388 AU | ||
+ | | perihelion = 147,098,290 km<br> 0.98329134 AU | ||
+ | | semimajor = 149,598,261 km<br> 1.00000261 AU | ||
+ | | eccentricity = 0.01671123 | ||
+ | | inclination = 7.155° to Sun's equator<br>1.57869° | ||
+ | | asc_node = 348.73936° | ||
+ | | arg_peri = 114.20783° | ||
+ | | mean_anomaly = 357.51716° | ||
+ | | period = 365.256363004 days<br>1.000017421 yr | ||
+ | | avg_speed = 29.78 km/s<br>107,200 km/h | ||
+ | | satellites = 1 natural (the Moon)<br /> 8,300+ artificial (as of 2001) | ||
+ | | physical_characteristics = yes | ||
+ | | flattening = 0.0033528 | ||
+ | | equatorial_radius = 6,378.1 km | ||
+ | | polar_radius = 6,356.8 km | ||
+ | | mean_radius = 6,371.0 km | ||
+ | | circumference = 40,075.017 km (equatorial)<br>40,007.86 km (meridional) | ||
+ | | surface_area = 510,072,000 km <br> 148,940,000 km land (29.2 %)<br>361,132,000 km water (70.8 %) | ||
+ | | volume = [[Volume of the Earth|1.08321{{e|12}}]] km<sup>3</sup> | ||
+ | | density = 5.515 g/cm<sup>3</sup>| surface_grav = 9.780327 m/s<sup>2</sup><br>0.99732 ''g'']] | ||
+ | | escape_velocity = 11.186 km/s | ||
+ | | sidereal_day = 0.99726968 d<br>23 h 56 m 4.100 s | ||
+ | | rot_velocity = 1674.4 km/h | ||
+ | | axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119 | ||
+ | | albedo = 0.367 (geometric)<br/>0.306 (Bond) | ||
+ | | atmosphere = yes | ||
+ | | temperatures = yes | ||
+ | | temp_name1 = Kelvin | ||
+ | | min_temp_1 = 184 K | ||
+ | | mean_temp_1 = 287.2 K | ||
+ | | max_temp_1 = 331 K | ||
+ | | temp_name2 = Celsius | ||
+ | | min_temp_2 = −89.2 °C | ||
+ | | mean_temp_2 = 14 °C | ||
+ | | max_temp_2 = 57.8 °C | ||
+ | | surface_pressure = 101.325 kPa (MSL) | ||
+ | | atmosphere_composition = 78.08 nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) (dry air)<br> 20.95% oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93% argon<br> 0.038% carbon dioxide<br>About 1% water vapor (varies with climate) | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Name and etymology== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Chronology== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Formation=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Evolution of life=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Future=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Composition and structure== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Shape=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 2em;" | ||
+ | |+ Chemical composition of the crust<ref name=brown_mussett1981/> | ||
+ | !rowspan="2"|Compound | ||
+ | !rowspan="2"|Formula | ||
+ | !colspan="2"|Composition | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !|Continental | ||
+ | !|Oceanic | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |silica | ||
+ | |SiO <sub>2</sub> | ||
+ | |60.2% | ||
+ | |48.6% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |alumina | ||
+ | |Al <sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | ||
+ | |15.2% | ||
+ | |16.5% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |lime | ||
+ | |CaO | ||
+ | |5.5% | ||
+ | |12.3% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |magnesia | ||
+ | |MgO | ||
+ | |3.1% | ||
+ | |6.8% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |iron(II) oxide | ||
+ | |FeO | ||
+ | |3.8% | ||
+ | |6.2% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |sodium oxide | ||
+ | |Na<sub>2</sub>O | ||
+ | |3.0% | ||
+ | |2.6% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |potassium oxide | ||
+ | |K<sub>2</sub>O | ||
+ | |2.8% | ||
+ | |0.4% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |iron(III) oxide]] | ||
+ | |Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | ||
+ | |2.5% | ||
+ | |2.3% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |water | ||
+ | |H<sub>2</sub>O | ||
+ | |1.4% | ||
+ | |1.1% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |carbon dioxide | ||
+ | |CO<sub>2</sub> | ||
+ | |1.2% | ||
+ | |1.4% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |titanium dioxide | ||
+ | |TiO<sub>2</sub> | ||
+ | |0.7% | ||
+ | |1.4% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |phosphorus pentoxide | ||
+ | |P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> | ||
+ | |0.2% | ||
+ | |0.3% | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !|Total | ||
+ | !|99.6% | ||
+ | !|99.9% | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Chemical composition=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Internal structure=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:4px; margin-right:0; width:100%; text-align:center;" | ||
+ | |+ Geologic layers of the Earth<ref name=pnas76_9_4192/> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! rowspan="8" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center; padding:0;"|[[File:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg|250px|center]]<br />Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Not to scale. | ||
+ | !Depth<ref name=robertson2001/><br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">km</span> | ||
+ | !style="vertical-align: bottom;"|Component Layer | ||
+ | !Density<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">g/cm<sup>3</sup></span> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |0–60 | ||
+ | |style="text-align:left;"|Lithosphere<ref group="note">Locally varies between 5 and 200 km.</ref> | ||
+ | |— | ||
+ | |- style="background:#FEFEFE;" | ||
+ | |0–35 | ||
+ | |style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| Crust<ref group="note">Locally varies between 5 and 70 km.</ref> | ||
+ | |2.2–2.9 | ||
+ | |- style="background:#FEFEFE;" | ||
+ | |35–60 | ||
+ | |style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| Upper mantle | ||
+ | |3.4–4.4 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 35–2890 | ||
+ | |style="text-align:left;"|Mantle | ||
+ | |3.4–5.6 | ||
+ | |- style="background:#FEFEFE;" | ||
+ | |100–700 | ||
+ | |style="text-align:left; padding-left:1em;"| Asthenosphere | ||
+ | |— | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2890–5100 | ||
+ | |style="text-align:left;"|Outer core | ||
+ | |9.9–12.2 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |5100–6378 | ||
+ | |style="text-align:left;"|Inner core | ||
+ | |12.8–13.1 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Heat=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
+ | |+ Present-day major heat-producing isotopes<ref name="T&S 137"/> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Isotope | ||
+ | ! Heat release<br><span style="font-size: smaller;">[[Watt|W]]/kg isotope</span> | ||
+ | ! Half-life<br><br><span style="font-size: smaller;">years</span> | ||
+ | ! Mean mantle concentration<br><span style="font-size: smaller;">kg isotope/kg mantle</span> | ||
+ | ! Heat release<br><span style="font-size: smaller;">W/kg mantle</span> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <sup>238</sup>U | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|9.46 × 10<sup>−5</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|4.47 × 10<sup>9</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|30.8 × 10<sup>−9</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|2.91 × 10<sup>−12</sup>}} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <sup>235</sup>U | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|5.69 × 10<sup>−4</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|7.04 × 10<sup>8</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|0.22 × 10<sup>−9</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|1.25 × 10<sup>−13</sup>}} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <sup>232</sup>Th | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|2.64 × 10<sup>−5</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|1.40 × 10<sup>10</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|124 × 10<sup>−9</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|3.27 × 10<sup>−12</sup>}} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | <sup>40</sup>K | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|2.92 × 10<sup>−5</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|1.25 × 10<sup>9</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|36.9 × 10<sup>−9</sup>}} | ||
+ | | {{nowrap|1.08 × 10<sup>−12</sup>}} | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Tectonic plates=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em;" | ||
+ | |+ [[List of tectonic plates|Earth's main plates]]<ref name=brown_wohletz2005/> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center;"|[[File:Tectonic plates (empty).svg|250px|alt=Shows the extent and boundaries of tectonic plates, with superimposed outlines of the continents they support]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Plate name | ||
+ | !Area<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup></span> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Pacific Plate ||103.3 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | African Plate || 78.0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | North American Plate || 75.9 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Eurasian Plate || 67.8 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Antarctic Plate || 60.9 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Indo-Australian Plate || 47.2 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | South American Plate || 43.6 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Surface=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Hydrosphere=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Atmosphere=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Weather and climate==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Upper atmosphere==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Magnetic field=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Orbit and rotation== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Rotation=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Orbit=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Axial tilt and seasons=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Moon== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;" | ||
+ | |+ '''Characteristics''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''Diameter''' || 3,474.8 km | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''Mass''' || 7.349{{e|22}} kg | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[Semi-major axis]]''' || 384,400 km | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''Orbital period''' || {{nowrap|27 d 7 h 43.7 m}} | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Habitability== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Biosphere=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Natural resources and land use=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Land use | ||
+ | | Arable land | ||
+ | | Permanent crops | ||
+ | | Permanent pastures | ||
+ | | Forests and woodland | ||
+ | | Urban areas | ||
+ | | Other | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Percentage | ||
+ | |style="text-align: right;"| 13.13%<ref name=cia/> | ||
+ | |style="text-align: right;"| 4.71%<ref name=cia/> | ||
+ | |style="text-align: right;"| 26% | ||
+ | |style="text-align: right;"| 32% | ||
+ | |style="text-align: right;"| 1.5% | ||
+ | |style="text-align: right;"| 30% | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Natural and environmental hazards=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Human geography=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{multiple image | ||
+ | | align = center | ||
+ | | direction = horizontal | ||
+ | | image1 = Continents vide couleurs.png | ||
+ | | width1 = 250 | ||
+ | | alt1 = | ||
+ | | caption1 = The 7 continents of Earth:<ref name=NatlGeo>[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=world&Mode=d&SubMode=w World], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]] - [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/ Xpeditions Atlas].'' 2006. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.</ref> {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#0c0}} [[North America]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|green}} [[South America]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#0040ff}} [[Antarctica]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#fed52e}} [[Africa]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#c10000}} [[Europe]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#f33e01}} [[Asia]],}} {{nowrap|{{colorbox|#c04080}} [[Australia (continent)|Australia]]}} | ||
+ | | image2 = Earthlights dmsp.jpg | ||
+ | | width2 = 250 | ||
+ | | alt2 = | ||
+ | | caption2 = The Earth at night in 2000, a composite of [[Defense Meteorological Satellite Program|DMSP]]/OLS ground illumination data on a simulated night-time image of the world. This image is not photographic and many features are brighter than they would appear to a direct observer. | ||
+ | | image3 = Northwest coast of United States to Central South America at Night.ogv | ||
+ | | width3 = 250 | ||
+ | | alt3 = | ||
+ | | caption3 = ISS video beginning just south-east of [[Alaska]]. The first city that the ISS passes over (seen approximately 10 seconds into the video) is [[San Francisco]] and the surrounding areas. A careful examination shows where the [[Golden Gate Bridge]] is located: a smaller strip of lights just before the city of San Francisco, nearest to the clouds on the right of the image. Very obvious [[lightning]] storms can be seen on the [[Pacific Ocean]] coastline, with clouds overhead. As the video continues, the ISS passes over [[Central America]] (green lights can be seen here), with the [[Yucatan Peninsula]] on the left. The pass ends as the ISS is over the capital city of [[Bolivia]], [[La Paz]]. | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Cultural viewpoint== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Solar System}} | ||
+ | {{Earth}} | ||
+ | {{Earth's location}} | ||
+ | {{Earth science}} | ||
+ | {{Physical Earth}} | ||
+ | {{Nature nav}} | ||
+ | {{featured article}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{Infobox planet | ||
+ | | bgcolour = #c0c0ff | ||
+ | | name = Earth | ||
+ | | symbol = [[File:Earth symbol.svg|25px|Astronomical symbol of Earth]] | ||
+ | | image = [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|270px|A color image of Earth as seen from Apollo 17|alt=A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.]] | ||
+ | | caption = "[[The Blue Marble]]" photograph of Earth,<br>taken from ''[[Apollo 17]]'' | ||
+ | | alt_names = Terra, Gaia | ||
+ | | flag = {{flagicon|world}} | ||
+ | | epoch = [[J2000.0]]<ref group=note name=epoch/> | ||
+ | | aphelion = 152,098,232 km<br> 1.01671388 [[astronomical unit|AU]]<ref group=note name=apsis/> | ||
+ | | perihelion = 147,098,290 km<br> 0.98329134 AU<ref group=note name=apsis/> | ||
+ | | semimajor = 149,598,261 km<br> 1.00000261 AU<ref name=standish_williams_iau/> | ||
+ | | eccentricity = 0.01671123<ref name=standish_williams_iau/> | ||
+ | | inclination = 7.155° to [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]<br>1.57869°<ref name=Allen294/> to [[invariable plane]] | ||
+ | | asc_node = 348.73936°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><ref group=note name=asc_node/> | ||
+ | | arg_peri = 114.20783°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><ref group=note name=arg_peri/> | ||
+ | | mean_anomaly = 357.51716°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> | ||
+ | | period = 365.256363004 days<ref name="IERS"/><br>1.000017421 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] | ||
+ | | avg_speed = 29.78 km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br>107,200 km/h | ||
+ | | satellites = 1 natural (the [[Moon]]) | ||
+ | <br /> 8,300+ artificial ({{as of|2001|3|1|lc=on}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4008|title=Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet|author=[[US Space Command]]|date=March 1, 2001|publisher=SpaceRef Interactive|accessdate=2011-05-07}}</ref> | ||
+ | | physical_characteristics = yes | ||
+ | | flattening = 0.0033528<ref name=iers/> | ||
+ | | equatorial_radius = 6,378.1 km<ref name=usno/><ref name="WGS-84"/> | ||
+ | | polar_radius = 6,356.8 km<ref name=cazenave_ahrens1995/> | ||
+ | | mean_radius = 6,371.0 km<ref name=hbcp2000/> | ||
+ | | circumference = 40,075.017 km ([[equator]]ial)<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84''). [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref><br>40,007.86 km ([[meridional]])<ref name="WGS-84-2"/><ref name="circ">The Earth's [[circumference]] is (almost) exactly 40,000 km because the [[meter]] was calibrated based precisely on this measurement – more specifically, 1/10-millionth of the distance between the poles and the equator.</ref> | ||
+ | | surface_area = 510,072,000 km<sup>2</sup><ref name="Pidwirny 2006" /><ref name=cia /><ref group=note name=surfacecover/> | ||
+ | 148,940,000 km<sup>2</sup> land (29.2 %<br> | ||
+ | 361,132,000 km<sup>2</sup> water (70.8 %) | ||
+ | | volume = 1,083,210,000 cubic km | ||
+ | | mass = 5.9736{{e|24}} kg<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> | ||
+ | | density = 5.515 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> | ||
+ | | surface_grav = [[Earth's gravity|9.780327]] [[metre per second squared|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<ref name="yoder12"/><br>0.99732 [[g-force|''g'']] | ||
+ | | escape_velocity = 11.186 km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> | ||
+ | | sidereal_day = 0.99726968 d<ref name=Allen296 /> <br>23h 56m 4.100s | ||
+ | | rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Cox2000"/> | ||
+ | | axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119<ref name="IERS"/> | ||
+ | | albedo = 0.367 ([[Geometric albedo|geometric]])<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br/> | ||
+ | 0.306 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> | ||
+ | | atmosphere = yes | ||
+ | | temperatures = yes | ||
+ | | temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]] | ||
+ | | min_temp_1 = 184 K<ref name=asu_lowest_temp/> | ||
+ | | mean_temp_1 = 287.2 K<ref name=kinver20091210/> | ||
+ | | max_temp_1 = 331 K<ref name=asu_highest_temp/> | ||
+ | | temp_name2 = [[Celsius]] | ||
+ | | min_temp_2 = −89.2 °C | ||
+ | | mean_temp_2 = 14& °C | ||
+ | | max_temp_2 = 57.8 °C | ||
+ | | surface_pressure = [[Atmosphere (unit)|101.325]] [[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Sea level|MSL]]) | ||
+ | | atmosphere_composition = 78.08% [[nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/> (dry air)<br> 20.95% [[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93%& [[argon]]<br> 0.038 [[carbon dioxide]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[climate]]) | ||
+ | |note = no | ||
+ | }} | ||
<table style="width: 300px; float: right; text-align:left; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> | <table style="width: 300px; float: right; text-align:left; border-top: 1px solid black; border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 1px solid black;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
- | <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="padding: 10x"> | + | <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="padding: 10x">http://i358.photobucket.com/albums/oo21/kargandarr/kyriet.png</div> |
- | + | ||
<p style="margin: 0px;">[http://i358.photobucket.com/albums/oo21/kargandarr/kyrie.png, Kyrie]</p> | <p style="margin: 0px;">[http://i358.photobucket.com/albums/oo21/kargandarr/kyrie.png, Kyrie]</p> | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
Line 211: | Line 594: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
- | < | + | ==Chronology== |
+ | <p> </p> | ||
+ | ====Evolution of life==== | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Future==== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Composition and structure== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Shape==== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Chemical composition==== | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
<table class="wikitable" style="float: left; clear: left; margin-right: 1em;"> | <table class="wikitable" style="float: left; clear: left; margin-right: 1em;"> | ||
<caption>Chemical composition of the crust</caption> | <caption>Chemical composition of the crust</caption> | ||
Line 312: | Line 695: | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | < | + | ====Internal structure==== |
+ | <p> </p> | ||
+ | ====Heat==== | ||
+ | <p> </p> | ||
+ | ====Tectonic plates==== | ||
+ | <p> </p> | ||
+ | ====Surface==== | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Hydrosphere== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Atmosphere== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Weather and climate==== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Upper Atmosphere==== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Magnetic field== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Orbit and rotation== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Rotation==== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Orbit==== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Axial tilt and seasons==== | |
- | + | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Moon== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Habitability== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Biosphere==== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Natural resources and land use== | |
- | + | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ====Natural and environmental hazards==== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Human geography== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | + | ==Cultural viewpoint== | |
<p> </p> | <p> </p> | ||
- | < | + | ==Cultural History== |
+ | <p>The Kyrian civilization is roughly one hundred thousand years old. In it's early history, the planet, was a group of nations that were continually at war with one another. The internecine war period lasted roughly thirty-five hundred years. Oddly enough, it took a nuclear war to stop the warfare between these nations. This war killed seventy-five percent of the population, but due to government preparations, there were enough members of the various governments left to start negotiations between them so that there would be no more warfare anywhere on the planet.</p> | ||
+ | <p>This was the beginning of the Restoration Period that eventually led to a planetary democratic government. The Restoration period lasted roughly two | ||
+ | hundred years and resulted in the Kyrians living under a planetary democracy where everyone was guaranteed that they could live free. </p> | ||
+ | <p>It was like this for another fifty years before their space program was begun. The first six colonies that were constructed in geostationary orbit at twenty-two thousand miles. They were spaced out so that they were sixty degrees apart around the orbit. These colonies were six mektons long and one point two mektons in diameter. A mekton is a Kyrian length of measure that is 0.81 miles in length. As time went on the colonial populations increased as more people came to live there and others were born. Eventually, the ability to supply the colonies with materials and food outgrew the ability to supply it from the ground. They started to build orbital reclamation factories in order to have more useable materials, lessening the need for materials brought up from the surface.</p> | ||
+ | <p>It was at this time that a large ferrous nickel asteroid, roughly twelve mektons in volume came into the area. It missed the colonies by a thousand miles. In astronomical distances this was a bullet burn and got their attention. This asteroid was moving slowly enough so that it was trapped in an unstable orbit. The governors of the colonies decided to build a ship that could go out to the asteroid and start taking it apart for useable material. The amount of metal gained from this allowed them to construct several more mining ships, allowing them to go mine the asteroids in both asteroid belts. As time went on they were able to hollow out the inside of the two moonlets in orbit around the planet, and colonize them.</p> | ||
+ | <p>The internal volume of the two moonlets was roughly fifteen time the volume of all of the orbital colonies together. As this was the case, the colonists started moving into the moon colonies abandoning the previous generation of colonies. This gave enough materials to start construction of | ||
+ | an orbital spacedock. After a couple of centuries a breakthrough in energy technology was made followed by a propulsion breakthrough. It was discovered that when these two technologies were merged together that they allowed faster than light travel. This was more than ninety thousand years ago.</p> | ||
+ | ==Locations of Interest== | ||
<p> </p> | <p> </p> |
Current revision as of 04:02, 16 November 2012
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Name and etymology
Chronology
Formation
Evolution of life
Future
Composition and structure
Shape
Compound | Formula | Composition | |
---|---|---|---|
Continental | Oceanic | ||
silica | SiO 2 | 60.2% | 48.6% |
alumina | Al 2O3 | 15.2% | 16.5% |
lime | CaO | 5.5% | 12.3% |
magnesia | MgO | 3.1% | 6.8% |
iron(II) oxide | FeO | 3.8% | 6.2% |
sodium oxide | Na2O | 3.0% | 2.6% |
potassium oxide | K2O | 2.8% | 0.4% |
iron(III) oxide]] | Fe2O3 | 2.5% | 2.3% |
water | H2O | 1.4% | 1.1% |
carbon dioxide | CO2 | 1.2% | 1.4% |
titanium dioxide | TiO2 | 0.7% | 1.4% |
phosphorus pentoxide | P2O5 | 0.2% | 0.3% |
Total | 99.6% | 99.9% |
Chemical composition
Internal structure
Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Not to scale. | Depth<ref name=robertson2001/> km | Component Layer | Density g/cm3 |
---|---|---|---|
0–60 | Lithosphere<ref group="note">Locally varies between 5 and 200 km.</ref> | — | |
0–35 | Crust<ref group="note">Locally varies between 5 and 70 km.</ref> | 2.2–2.9 | |
35–60 | Upper mantle | 3.4–4.4 | |
35–2890 | Mantle | 3.4–5.6 | |
100–700 | Asthenosphere | — | |
2890–5100 | Outer core | 9.9–12.2 | |
5100–6378 | Inner core | 12.8–13.1 |
Heat
Isotope | Heat release W/kg isotope | Half-life years | Mean mantle concentration kg isotope/kg mantle | Heat release W/kg mantle |
---|---|---|---|---|
238U | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap |
235U | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap |
232Th | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap |
40K | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap | Template:Nowrap |
Tectonic plates
File:Tectonic plates (empty).svg | |
Plate name | Area 106 km2 |
---|---|
Pacific Plate | 103.3 |
African Plate | 78.0 |
North American Plate | 75.9 |
Eurasian Plate | 67.8 |
Antarctic Plate | 60.9 |
Indo-Australian Plate | 47.2 |
South American Plate | 43.6 |
Surface
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Weather and climate
Upper atmosphere
Magnetic field
Orbit and rotation
Rotation
Orbit
Axial tilt and seasons
Moon
Diameter | 3,474.8 km | |||||||||||||||
Mass | 7.349{{#if:22 | ×10{{#switch:{{{2}}} | #default={{#switch:Template:Valid | #default={{#switch:{{{2}}} | plus=+Template:Val/delimitnum | #default=Template:Val/delimitnum
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Semi-major axis | 384,400 km | |||||||||||||||
Orbital period | Template:Nowrap |
Habitability
Biosphere
Natural resources and land use
Land use | Arable land | Permanent crops | Permanent pastures | Forests and woodland | Urban areas | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage | 13.13%<ref name=cia/> | 4.71%<ref name=cia/> | 26% | 32% | 1.5% | 30% |
Natural and environmental hazards
Human geography
Cultural viewpoint
Template:Solar System Template:Earth Template:Earth's location Template:Earth science Template:Physical Earth Template:Nature nav Template:Featured article
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Designations
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|||||||||||||
Name | |||||||||||||
Galactic Location
|
|||||||||||||
Quadrant | |||||||||||||
Sector | |||||||||||||
Coordinates | |||||||||||||
System Name | |||||||||||||
Star Name | |||||||||||||
Star Type | |||||||||||||
Star Diameter | |||||||||||||
Interstellar Neighbors | |||||||||||||
Total Planets | |||||||||||||
Physical characteristics
|
|||||||||||||
Planetary Class | |||||||||||||
Equatorial Diameter | |||||||||||||
Polar Diameter | |||||||||||||
Equatorial Circumference | |||||||||||||
Land Surface (%) | |||||||||||||
Water Surface (%) | |||||||||||||
Gravity (Relative to Earth) | |||||||||||||
Escape velocity | |||||||||||||
Length of Year (solar days) | |||||||||||||
Length of Day | |||||||||||||
Axial tilt | |||||||||||||
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Capitol City | |||||||||||||
Major Starport | |||||||||||||
Minor Starport | |||||||||||||
Major Export | |||||||||||||
Minor Export | |||||||||||||
Race Name | |||||||||||||
Population Count | |||||||||||||
Technology Level | |||||||||||||
Atmosphere
|
|||||||||||||
Surface pressure | |||||||||||||
|
Chronology
Evolution of life
Future
Composition and structure
Shape
Chemical composition
Compound | Formula | Composition | |
Continental | Oceanic | ||
silica | SiO2 | 60.2% | 48.6% |
alumina | Al2O3 | 15.2% | 16.5% |
lime | CaO | 5.5% | 12.3% |
magnesia | MgO | 3.1% | 6.8% |
iron(II) oxide | FeO | 3.8% | 6.2% |
sodium oxide | Na2O | 3.0% | 2.6% |
potassium oxide | K2O | 2.8% | 0.4% |
iron(III) oxide | Fe2O3 | 2.5% | 2.3% |
water | H2O | 1.4% | 1.1% |
carbon dioxide | CO2 | 1.2% | 1.4% |
titanium dioxide | TiO2 | 0.7% | 1.4% |
phosphorus pentoxide | P2O5 | 0.2% | 0.3% |
Total | 99.6% | 99.9% |
Internal structure
Heat
Tectonic plates
Surface
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Weather and climate
Upper Atmosphere
Magnetic field
Orbit and rotation
Rotation
Orbit
Axial tilt and seasons
Moon
Habitability
Biosphere
Natural resources and land use
Natural and environmental hazards
Human geography
Cultural viewpoint
Cultural History
The Kyrian civilization is roughly one hundred thousand years old. In it's early history, the planet, was a group of nations that were continually at war with one another. The internecine war period lasted roughly thirty-five hundred years. Oddly enough, it took a nuclear war to stop the warfare between these nations. This war killed seventy-five percent of the population, but due to government preparations, there were enough members of the various governments left to start negotiations between them so that there would be no more warfare anywhere on the planet.
This was the beginning of the Restoration Period that eventually led to a planetary democratic government. The Restoration period lasted roughly two hundred years and resulted in the Kyrians living under a planetary democracy where everyone was guaranteed that they could live free.
It was like this for another fifty years before their space program was begun. The first six colonies that were constructed in geostationary orbit at twenty-two thousand miles. They were spaced out so that they were sixty degrees apart around the orbit. These colonies were six mektons long and one point two mektons in diameter. A mekton is a Kyrian length of measure that is 0.81 miles in length. As time went on the colonial populations increased as more people came to live there and others were born. Eventually, the ability to supply the colonies with materials and food outgrew the ability to supply it from the ground. They started to build orbital reclamation factories in order to have more useable materials, lessening the need for materials brought up from the surface.
It was at this time that a large ferrous nickel asteroid, roughly twelve mektons in volume came into the area. It missed the colonies by a thousand miles. In astronomical distances this was a bullet burn and got their attention. This asteroid was moving slowly enough so that it was trapped in an unstable orbit. The governors of the colonies decided to build a ship that could go out to the asteroid and start taking it apart for useable material. The amount of metal gained from this allowed them to construct several more mining ships, allowing them to go mine the asteroids in both asteroid belts. As time went on they were able to hollow out the inside of the two moonlets in orbit around the planet, and colonize them.
The internal volume of the two moonlets was roughly fifteen time the volume of all of the orbital colonies together. As this was the case, the colonists started moving into the moon colonies abandoning the previous generation of colonies. This gave enough materials to start construction of an orbital spacedock. After a couple of centuries a breakthrough in energy technology was made followed by a propulsion breakthrough. It was discovered that when these two technologies were merged together that they allowed faster than light travel. This was more than ninety thousand years ago.
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