http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/?feed=atom&target=Jadunn&title=Special%3AContributions 2026-09-29T03:50:16Z From Psy3242 MediaWiki 1.15.1 http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Wernicke%27s_area 2008-04-28T23:12:26Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>'''Wernicke's Aphasia'''<br /> <br /> http://www.gazzaro.it/g/Language%20in%20the%20brain_file/broca_to_wernicke.gif<br /> http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_10/d_10_cr/d_10_cr_lan/d_10_cr_lan_1c.jpg<br /> <br /> Aphasia is a condition caused by neurological damage or disease in which a person's previous capacity to understand or express language is impaired. This may affect a person's ability to speak, listen, read or write.<br /> <br /> Carl Wernicke (1848-1905) was a German physician, anatomist, psychiatrist and neuropathologist who studied the effects of brain disease on speech and language. He discovered that damage to the left posterior, superior temporal gyrus resulted in deficits in language comprehension and so this area of the brain is now known as Wernicke's area and the associated syndrome as Wernicke's aphasia. <br /> <br /> Most cases of aphasia are caused by damage to the left posterior, superior temporal gyrus and this is the dominant hemisphere for approximately 95% of right handed people and 60-70% of left handed people.<br /> <br /> When a person is affected by Wernicke's aphasia their speech is overflowing with words that do not convey the speaker's meaning. The pitch and rhythm of the speech sound normal but the words may either be used incorrectly or made up of words with no meaning. <br /> <br /> It can be possible for children with moderate Wernicke's aphasia, following a head trauma or other neurological event to recover some language ability with the aid of speech therapy. However, when the damage is severe there is less chance.<br /> <br /> Wernicke was also responsible for the idea that brain function is highly localised and could be mapped precisely and anatomically.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> [http://editthis.info/psy3242/Carl_Wernicke]<br /> <br /> <br /> www.neurology.utoronto.ca<br /> www.wickipedia.com<br /> www.healthline.com<br /> www.everything2.com<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> <br /> http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Summer_2004/ling001/images/brain_localization.gif<br /> <br /> == '''History''' ==<br /> This area was first identified by [[Carl Wernicke]] in 1874, after studying the aphasia caused by damage to [[Broca's area]]. He distinguished different types of aphasia, such as fluent aphasia and conduction aphasia that resulted from damage to this part of the temporal lobe. The location of Wernicke's area is described as the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus on the left hemisphere, immediately behind [[Heschl's gyrus]].<br /> <br /> == '''Purpose''' ==<br /> Wernicke's area is responsible for linking speech sounds to stored representations of words. This area has neural pathways to [[Broca's area]], which is involved in the generation of speech, and the angular gyrus, which is important in understanding visually represented material. Wernicke's area receives the processed speech sounds from [[Heschl's gyrus]], which come from the ears, to be referenced to actual words.<br /> <br /> == '''Disorders''' ==<br /> Damage to Wernicke's area causes language disorders, namely [[Wernicke's aphasia]]. This results in problems with fluent but non-sensical speech, from the ineffective monitoring of self-generated speech; and difficulties in understanding spoken language, from damage to one's auditory memory of words. The disordered speech is characterized by neologisms, non-words or made-up words, and paraphasias, semantically related but inappropriate words.<br /> <br /> http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/brocawernicke.jpg<br /> <br /> == '''Later Research''' ==<br /> Lichtheim's later research yielded a model that linked [[Broca's area]] and Wernicke's area on a triangle with the third point being a concept center, in order to map the different types of aphasia resulting from damage to the connections between the three.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Wernicke%27s_area 2008-04-28T23:10:34Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>'''Wernicke's Aphasia'''<br /> <br /> http://www.gazzaro.it/g/Language%20in%20the%20brain_file/broca_to_wernicke.gif<br /> http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_10/d_10_cr/d_10_cr_lan/d_10_cr_lan_1c.jpg<br /> <br /> Aphasia is a condition caused by neurological damage or disease in which a person�s previous capacity to understand or express language is impaired. This may affect a person�s ability to speak, listen, read or write.<br /> <br /> Carl Wernicke (1848 � 1905) was a German physician, anatomist, psychiatrist and neuropathologist who studied the effects of brain disease on speech and language. He discovered that damage to the left posterior, superior temporal gyrus resulted in deficits in language comprehension and so this area of the brain is now known as Wernicke�s area and the associated syndrome as Wernicke�s aphasia. <br /> <br /> Most cases of aphasia are caused by damage to the left posterior, superior temporal gyrus and this is the dominant hemisphere for approximately 95% of right handed people and 60 � 70% of left handed people.<br /> <br /> When a person is affected by Wernicke�s aphasia their speech is overflowing with words that do not convey the speaker�s meaning. The pitch and rhythm of the speech sound normal but the words may either be used incorrectly or made up of words with no meaning. <br /> <br /> It can be possible for children with moderate Wernicke�s aphasia, following a head trauma or other neurological event to recover some language ability with the aid of speech therapy. However, when the damage is severe there is less chance.<br /> <br /> Wernicke was also responsible for the idea that brain function is highly localised and could be mapped precisely and anatomically.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> [http://editthis.info/psy3242/Carl_Wernicke]<br /> <br /> <br /> www.neurology.utoronto.ca<br /> www.wickipedia.com<br /> www.healthline.com<br /> www.everything2.com<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> <br /> http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Summer_2004/ling001/images/brain_localization.gif<br /> <br /> == '''History''' ==<br /> This area was first identified by [[Carl Wernicke]] in 1874, after studying the aphasia caused by damage to [[Broca's area]]. He distinguished different types of aphasia, such as fluent aphasia and conduction aphasia that resulted from damage to this part of the temporal lobe. The location of Wernicke's area is described as the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus on the left hemisphere, immediately behind [[Heschl's gyrus]].<br /> <br /> == '''Purpose''' ==<br /> Wernicke's area is responsible for linking speech sounds to stored representations of words. This area has neural pathways to [[Broca's area]], which is involved in the generation of speech, and the angular gyrus, which is important in understanding visually represented material. Wernicke's area receives the processed speech sounds from [[Heschl's gyrus]], which come from the ears, to be referenced to actual words.<br /> <br /> == '''Disorders''' ==<br /> Damage to Wernicke's area causes language disorders, namely [[Wernicke's aphasia]]. This results in problems with fluent but non-sensical speech, from the ineffective monitoring of self-generated speech; and difficulties in understanding spoken language, from damage to one's auditory memory of words. The disordered speech is characterized by neologisms, non-words or made-up words, and paraphasias, semantically related but inappropriate words.<br /> <br /> http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/brocawernicke.jpg<br /> <br /> == '''Later Research''' ==<br /> Lichtheim's later research yielded a model that linked [[Broca's area]] and Wernicke's area on a triangle with the third point being a concept center, in order to map the different types of aphasia resulting from damage to the connections between the three.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Anosognosia 2008-04-28T23:08:49Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;/* Research */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Anosognosia''' comes from the Greek roots &quot;nosos&quot; meaning disease and &quot;gnosis&quot; meaning knowledge, with the prefix 'a' meaning without. Anosognosia is the ignorance of the presence of disease. This condition was originally interchangeable in the medical field with denial. However, denial is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings. In 1914, [[Joseph Babinski]] coined the term anosognosia to describe patients with [[hemiplegia]] who were not aware of their illness. It is differentiated from denial because it is an unawareness of a neurological deficit and does not appear to be a defense mechanism.<br /> <br /> == Research ==<br /> <br /> Early in research on the condition, Weinstein and Kahn (1955), believed that there may be individual types of anosognosia. Their research was not able to isolate a neurological function or brain area that was specifically associated with anosognosia. Even so, there are a variety of syndromes associated with anosognosia that apply to a variety of different neurological problems. However, this condition is most closely associated with paralysis occurring in patients with non-dominant parietal lobe lesions, who deny presence of hemiparesis. It also occurs in people who become blind, in Anton's syndrome; or who which lose some other sensory experience as well as in mentally ill people. <br /> <br /> Anosognosia is most commonly related to the denial of paralysis in people who recently suffered strokes. Approximately 20-30% of people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis after strokes also have symptoms of anosognosia. Some research has found as high as 58% of right hemisphere stroke patients denied hemiplegia or acknowledge weakness in their left arm. Likewise, some researchers, Xavier Amador specifically, has suggested that a form of anosognosia affects many schizophrenic and bipolar patients. He believes that nearly half of people with these disorders do not get treatment because they do not acknowledge that they are ill. Even patients who are diagnosed resist believing they are ill and instead fabricate illogical explanations for their symptoms and behaviors.<br /> <br /> Some patients with Anosognosia can suffer from a related phenomenon called Somatoparaphrenia. With this disorder patients begin to have delusional beliefs about their bodies. An example of such delusions can be that one of their limbs belongs to another person.<br /> <br /> == Treatment ==<br /> <br /> From further research it appears that anosognosia patients differ widely when confronted about their condition. In milder cases patients show some acknowledgement of their illness and became agitated when told about their condition. Other patients are completely unaware and are surprised when they cannot perform tasks (Prigatano and Koloff). Treatment for people with anosognosia is difficult. Although many people recover relatively quickly from this condition, it does remain permanent in other instances. In cases of strong anosognosia in particular, patients may resist treatment all together.<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.psychlaws.org/GeneralResources/article55.htm Anosognosia Symptoms in Schizophrenics]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0R0OCurkLM Anosognosia with Ramachandran]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Joseph_Babinski 2008-04-28T22:54:45Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:Babinski.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Born on November 17, 1857, Joseph Francois Felix Babinski was a neurological genius whose personal ideas became a large contribution to the University of Paris. His brother and he would remain inseparable as Joseph and his brother were born in Poland, yet were forced to flee to France. Here in France, Joseph Babinski would work at the University of Paris for thirteen years (beginning in 1884) before he made his largest contribution to neuropsychology. <br /> <br /> Prior to his soon-to-be mentioned work with the Babinski signs in 1896, Joseph was the class favorite of his professor, Edme Vulpian, who admired Babinski's interest in neuropsychology. Edme would help him begin his studies and Joseph started with focusing on Sclerosis. He was very well known for his intellectual capabilities with medicine and would be regarded as one of the better neurologists of his time. As stated before, he would create a breakthrough in 1896 or 1898 involving hysteria. Before discussing the various contributions he made with his personal 28 line breakthrough in 1896 or 1898, it should be mentioned that in 1899, Babinski studied and accurately presented information regarding adiposogenital syndrome and its relation to hypothalamic dysfunction. Through the years he would continue to write documents on decompression with spinal areas and the issues with brain tumors. At the time when he wrote these documents, he remained one of the few neurologists to cover these areas. Now, I will finally move along to his greatest contribution which would eventually be named after Joseph himself. <br /> <br /> In 1896 or 1898 Joseph Babinski presented the up going toe reflex in infants. Interestingly enough, before Babinski would focus on this reflex, Renaissance artists up four hundred years prior to Joseph were drawing pictures of the infamous up going toe. As Joseph specialized with hysteria symptomatology through one of his mentors (Charcot), Babinski intended to develop the Plantar Reflex (Up going Toe theory) into distinguishing organic disease and neurological affliction. Through these two areas, Babinski could focus on patients with hysteria. His 28 line proposal that was presented to his fellow workers covered spastic paresis of central origin and the organic lesions of the nervous system. He later proved that this plantar reflex was not related to hysteria but rather to infants and epilepsy. A couple of years later, following much more private research, Babinski indicated this reflex is a case of pyramidal dysfunction and can be a disease related not only to the brain, but the spinal cord as well. He died on October 30, 1932, just one year after his brother.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/370.html Biography]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHRTXorQkyQ&amp;NR=1 Babinski Reflex in children]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Joseph_Babinski 2008-04-28T22:54:14Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:Babinski.jpg]]<br /> <br /> Born on November 17, 1857, Joseph Francois Felix Babinski was a neurological genius whose personal ideas became a large contribution to the University of Paris. His brother and he would remain inseparable as Joseph and his brother were born in Poland, yet were forced to flee to France. Here in France, Joseph Babinski would work at the University of Paris for thirteen years (beginning in 1884) before he made his largest contribution to neuropsychology. <br /> <br /> Prior to his soon-to-be mentioned work with the Babinski signs in 1896, Joseph was the class favorite of his professor, Edme Vulpian, who admired Babinski�s interest in neuropsychology. Edme would help him begin his studies and Joseph started with focusing on Sclerosis. He was very well known for his intellectual capabilities with medicine and would be regarded as one of the better neurologists of his time. As stated before, he would create a breakthrough in 1896 or 1898 involving hysteria. Before discussing the various contributions he made with his personal 28 line breakthrough in 1896 or 1898, it should be mentioned that in 1899, Babinski studied and accurately presented information regarding adiposogenital syndrome and its relation to hypothalamic dysfunction. Through the years he would continue to write documents on decompression with spinal areas and the issues with brain tumors. At the time when he wrote these documents, he remained one of the few neurologists to cover these areas. Now, I will finally move along to his greatest contribution which would eventually be named after Joseph himself. <br /> <br /> In 1896 or 1898 Joseph Babinski presented the up going toe reflex in infants. Interestingly enough, before Babinski would focus on this reflex, Renaissance artists up four hundred years prior to Joseph were drawing pictures of the infamous up going toe. As Joseph specialized with hysteria symptomatology through one of his mentors (Charcot), Babinski intended to develop the Plantar Reflex (Up going Toe theory) into distinguishing organic disease and neurological affliction. Through these two areas, Babinski could focus on patients with hysteria. His 28 line proposal that was presented to his fellow workers covered spastic paresis of central origin and the organic lesions of the nervous system. He later proved that this plantar reflex was not related to hysteria but rather to infants and epilepsy. A couple of years later, following much more private research, Babinski indicated this reflex is a case of pyramidal dysfunction and can be a disease related not only to the brain, but the spinal cord as well. He died on October 30, 1932, just one year after his brother.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/370.html Biography]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHRTXorQkyQ&amp;NR=1 Babinski Reflex in children]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Wisconsin_card_sort_test 2008-04-27T21:08:13Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological methods]]<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O87-WisconsinCardSortingtest.html Definition]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/File:WisconsinCardSort.jpg 2008-04-27T21:04:25Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Joseph_Babinski 2008-04-27T21:01:15Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/370.html Biography]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Joseph_Babinski 2008-04-27T20:56:32Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> [[Babinski.jpg]]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Alexia 2008-04-27T20:54:47Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''What Is It?''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Alexia is an inability to read. It was first described by French neurologist Dejerine in 1892. He had a patient.<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Aquired Versus Pure''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Acquired Alexia occurs after brain damage. It is sometimes associated with agraphia, which is the inability to write; however, they two can occur separately. <br /> <br /> Pure Alexia is a form of Dyslexia in which patients do not read with a fast pace for word recognition. Usually the longer the word is, the longer it takes the patient to recognize what the word is. The damage in the brain occurs during development. Oddly, pure Alexia usually occurs in a patient with no impaired language or writing skills, and patients have no problem labeling objects. Spelling is intact in these patients, as well as comprehension, speech,<br /> production and writing; however, they struggle to read what they have written.<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''What Part of the Brain is Effected''' ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Alexia without agraphia often occurs in the posterior part of the Corpus Callosum and Occipital Lobe, where lesions have formed after brain damage. These patients cannot read because the words in the left visual field transfer over to the right hemisphere, but because of the damage to the Corpus Callosum, the information cannot be transferred back over for comprehension. This can be referred to as a Disconnection Syndrome.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://gumc.georgetown.edu/departments/neurology/friedman/alexia.html Alexia]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Hippocampus 2008-04-27T20:52:35Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> <br /> Interesting fact:<br /> <br /> The hippocampus is responsible for remembering music(memory),musical experiences and contexts.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~eh597/seahorse.htm Hippocampus]<br /> <br /> http://youtube.com/watch?v=YYJ4VTqhoy8&amp;feature=related</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Cerebral_achromatopsia 2008-04-27T20:49:33Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> Cerebral achromatopsia is a category of color-blindness (achromatopsia), distinguished by its etiology: damage to the ventro-medial occipital lobe, as opposed to an abnormal retinal structure. Nearly all known accounts of cerebral achromatopsia stem from illness/neurological damage to the ventro-medial occipital lobe. Visual processing areas of both hemispheres must sustain severe damage for this rare form of colorblindness to occur.<br /> Those who develop cerebral achromatopsia lose the ability to identify individual colors, and even to imagine and remember them (as seen in the Sacks story, &quot;Case of the Colorblind Painter&quot;). This is due, according to Ogden, to a &quot;loss of color memory&quot; (150). It is not certain, however, whether the loss is because of &quot;deficient color perception&quot;, or an &quot;independent memory deficit&quot; (150).<br /> On another note, affected persons ''do'' remain able to detect differences between colors. For example, while a man with cerebral achromatopsia would not be able to see a painted wall and understand it to be &quot;blue&quot;, if the wall were painted with alternating blue and yellow stripes, he would easily discern a difference in the stripes.<br /> Cerebral achromatopsia sometimes exhibits comorbidity with other neurological dysfunctions, including visual agnosias (for example, in the case of Michael, discussed in Ogden, prosopagnosia, or the &quot;inability to recognize faces on sight&quot; (140)).<br /> <br /> Sources used: Ogden, Jenni. Fractured Minds: A Case-Study Approach to Clinical Neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v1/n3/full/nn0798_171.html Cerebral Achromatopsia]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Schizophrenia 2008-04-27T20:42:53Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:Schizophrenia.jpg]]<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.medicinenet.com/schizophrenia/article.htm Schizophrenia]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Schizophrenia 2008-04-27T20:32:28Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> [[Image:Schizophrenia.jpg]]<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnoTwOUb0aQ&amp;feature=related Schizophrenia Video]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Anosognosia 2008-04-27T20:22:11Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Anosognosia''' comes from the Greek roots &quot;nosos&quot; meaning disease and &quot;gnosis&quot; meaning knowledge, with the prefix 'a' meaning without. Anosognosia is the ignorance of the presence of disease. This condition was originally interchangeable in the medical field with denial. However, denial is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings. In 1914, [[Joseph Babinski]] coined the term anosognosia to describe patients with [[hemiplegia]] who were not aware of their illness. It is differentiated from denial because it is an unawareness of a neurological deficit and does not appear to be a defense mechanism.<br /> <br /> == Research ==<br /> <br /> Early in research on the condition, Weinstein and Kahn (1955), believed that there may be individual types of anosognosia. Their research was not able to isolate a neurological function or brain area that was specifically associated with anosognosia. Even so, there are a variety of syndromes associated with anosognosia that apply to a variety of different neurological problems. However, this condition is most closely associated with paralysis occurring in patients with non-dominant parietal lobe lesions, who deny presence of hemiparesis. It also occurs in people who become blind, in Anton's syndrome; or who which lose some other sensory experience as well as in mentally ill people. <br /> <br /> Anosognosia is most commonly related to the denial of paralysis in people who recently suffered strokes. Approximately 20-30% of people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis after strokes also have symptoms of anosognosia. Some research has found as high as 58% of right hemisphere stroke patients denied hemiplegia or acknowledge weakness in their left arm. Likewise, some researchers, Xavier Amador specifically, has suggested that a form of anosognosia affects many schizophrenic and bipolar patients. He believes that nearly half of people with these disorders do not get treatment because they do not acknowledge that they are ill. Even patients who are diagnosed resist believing they are ill and instead fabricate illogical explanations for their symptoms and behaviors.<br /> <br /> == Treatment ==<br /> <br /> From further research it appears that anosognosia patients differ widely when confronted about their condition. In milder cases patients show some acknowledgement of their illness and became agitated when told about their condition. Other patients are completely unaware and are surprised when they cannot perform tasks (Prigatano and Koloff). Treatment for people with anosognosia is difficult. Although many people recover relatively quickly from this condition, it does remain permanent in other instances. In cases of strong anosognosia in particular, patients may resist treatment all together.<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.psychlaws.org/GeneralResources/article55.htm Anosognosia Symptoms in Schizophrenics]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0R0OCurkLM Anosognosia with Ramachandran]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Anosognosia 2008-04-27T20:20:25Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Anosognosia''' comes from the Greek roots &quot;nosos&quot; meaning disease and &quot;gnosis&quot; meaning knowledge, with the prefix 'a' meaning without. Anosognosia is the ignorance of the presence of disease. This condition was originally interchangeable in the medical field with denial. However, denial is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings. In 1914, [[Joseph Babinski]] coined the term anosognosia to describe patients with [[hemiplegia]] who were not aware of their illness. It is differentiated from denial because it is an unawareness of a neurological deficit and does not appear to be a defense mechanism.<br /> <br /> == Research ==<br /> <br /> Early in research on the condition, Weinstein and Kahn (1955), believed that there may be individual types of anosognosia. Their research was not able to isolate a neurological function or brain area that was specifically associated with anosognosia. Even so, there are a variety of syndromes associated with anosognosia that apply to a variety of different neurological problems. However, this condition is most closely associated with paralysis occurring in patients with non-dominant parietal lobe lesions, who deny presence of hemiparesis. It also occurs in people who become blind, in Anton's syndrome; or who which lose some other sensory experience as well as in mentally ill people. <br /> <br /> == With Other Disorders ==<br /> <br /> Anosognosia is most commonly related to the denial of paralysis in people who recently suffered strokes. Approximately 20-30% of people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis after strokes also have symptoms of anosognosia. Some research has found as high as 58% of right hemisphere stroke patients denied hemiplegia or acknowledge weakness in their left arm. Likewise, some researchers, Xavier Amador specifically, has suggested that a form of anosognosia affects many schizophrenic and bipolar patients. He believes that nearly half of people with these disorders do not get treatment because they do not acknowledge that they are ill. Even patients who are diagnosed resist believing they are ill and instead fabricate illogical explanations for their symptoms and behaviors.<br /> <br /> == Treatment ==<br /> <br /> From further research it appears that anosognosia patients differ widely when confronted about their condition. In milder cases patients show some acknowledgement of their illness and became agitated when told about their condition. Other patients are completely unaware and are surprised when they cannot perform tasks (Prigatano and Koloff). Treatment for people with anosognosia is difficult. Although many people recover relatively quickly from this condition, it does remain permanent in other instances. In cases of strong anosognosia in particular, patients may resist treatment all together.<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.psychlaws.org/GeneralResources/article55.htm Anosognosia Symptoms in Schizophrenics]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0R0OCurkLM Anosognosia with Ramachandran]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/File:Babinski.jpg 2008-04-27T20:06:39Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Anosognosia 2008-04-27T20:03:01Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Anosognosia''' comes from the Greek roots &quot;nosos&quot; meaning disease and &quot;gnosis&quot; meaning knowledge, with the prefix 'a' meaning without. Anosognosia is the ignorance of the presence of disease. This condition was originally interchangeable in the medical field with denial. However, denial is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings. In 1914, [[Joseph Babinski]] coined the term anosognosia to describe patients with [[hemiplegia]] who were not aware of their illness. It is differentiated from denial because it is an unawareness of a neurological deficit and does not appear to be a defense mechanism.<br /> <br /> == Research ==<br /> <br /> Early in research on the condition, Weinstein and Kahn (1955), believed that there may be individual types of anosognosia. Their research was not able to isolate a neurological function or brain area that was specifically associated with anosognosia. Even so, there are a variety of syndromes associated with anosognosia that apply to a variety of different neurological problems. However, this condition is most closely associated with paralysis occurring in patients with non-dominant parietal lobe lesions, who deny presence of hemiparesis. It also occurs in people who become blind, in Anton's syndrome; or who which lose some other sensory experience as well as in mentally ill people. <br /> <br /> == With Other Disorders ==<br /> <br /> Anosognosia is most commonly related to the denial of paralysis in people who recently suffered strokes. Approximately 20-30% of people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis after strokes also have symptoms of anosognosia. Some research has found as high as 58% of right hemisphere stroke patients denied hemiplegia or acknowledge weakness in their left arm. Likewise, some researchers, Xavier Amador specifically, has suggested that a form of anosognosia affects many schizophrenic and bipolar patients. He believes that nearly half of people with these disorders do not get treatment because they do not acknowledge that they are ill. Even patients who are diagnosed resist believing they are ill and instead fabricate illogical explanations for their symptoms and behaviors.<br /> <br /> == Treatment ==<br /> <br /> From further research it appears that anosognosia patients differ widely when confronted about their condition. In milder cases patients show some acknowledgement of their illness and became agitated when told about their condition. Other patients are completely unaware and are surprised when they cannot perform tasks (Prigatano and Koloff). Treatment for people with anosognosia is difficult. Although many people recover relatively quickly from this condition, it does remain permanent in other instances. In cases of strong anosognosia in particular, patients may resist treatment all together.<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.psychlaws.org/GeneralResources/article55.htm Anosognosia Symptoms in Schizophrenics]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Anosognosia 2008-04-27T20:00:16Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Anosognosia''' comes from the Greek roots �nosos� meaning disease and �gnosis� knowledge, with the prefix �a� meaning without. Anosognosia is the ignorance of the presence of disease. This condition was originally interchangeable in the medical field with denial. However, denial is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings. In 1914, [[Joseph Babinski]] coined the term anosognosia to describe patients with [[hemiplegia]] who were not aware of their illness. It is differentiated from denial because it is an unawareness of a neurological deficit and does not appear to be a defense mechanism.<br /> <br /> == Research ==<br /> <br /> Early in research on the condition, Weinstein and Kahn (1955), believed that there may be individual types of anosognosia. Their research was not able to isolate a neurological function or brain area that was specifically associated with anosognosia. Even so, there are a variety of syndromes associated with anosognosia that apply to a variety of different neurological problems. However, this condition is most closely associated with paralysis occurring in patients with non-dominant parietal lobe lesions, who deny presence of hemiparesis. It also occurs in people who become blind, in Anton's syndrome; or who which lose some other sensory experience as well as in mentally ill people. <br /> <br /> == With Other Disorders ==<br /> <br /> Anosognosia is most commonly related to the denial of paralysis in people who recently suffered strokes. Approximately 20-30% of people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis after strokes also have symptoms of anosognosia. Some research has found as high as 58% of right hemisphere stroke patients denied hemiplegia or acknowledge weakness in their left arm. Likewise, some researchers, Xavier Amador specifically, has suggested that a form of anosognosia affects many schizophrenic and bipolar patients. He believes that nearly half of people with these disorders do not get treatment because they do not acknowledge that they are ill. Even patients who are diagnosed resist believing they are ill and instead fabricate illogical explanations for their symptoms and behaviors.<br /> <br /> == Treatment ==<br /> <br /> From further research it appears that anosognosia patients differ widely when confronted about their condition. In milder cases patients show some acknowledgement of their illness and became agitated when told about their condition. Other patients are completely unaware and are surprised when they cannot perform tasks (Prigatano and Koloff). Treatment for people with anosognosia is difficult. Although many people recover relatively quickly from this condition, it does remain permanent in other instances. In cases of strong anosognosia in particular, patients may resist treatment all together.<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.psychlaws.org/GeneralResources/article55.htm Anosognosia Symptoms in Schizophrenics]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Link title]]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Anosognosia 2008-04-27T19:56:30Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Anosognosia''' comes from the Greek roots “nosos” meaning disease and “gnosis” knowledge, with the prefix “a” meaning without. Anosognosia is the ignorance of the presence of disease. This condition was originally interchangeable in the medical field with denial. However, denial is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings. In 1914, [[Joseph Babinski]] coined the term anosognosia to describe patients with [[hemiplegia]] who were not aware of their illness. It is differentiated from denial because it is an unawareness of a neurological deficit and does not appear to be a defense mechanism.<br /> <br /> == Research ==<br /> <br /> Early in research on the condition, Weinstein and Kahn (1955), believed that there may be individual types of anosognosia. Their research was not able to isolate a neurological function or brain area that was specifically associated with anosognosia. Even so, there are a variety of syndromes associated with anosognosia that apply to a variety of different neurological problems. However, this condition is most closely associated with paralysis occurring in patients with non-dominant parietal lobe lesions, who deny presence of hemiparesis. It also occurs in people who become blind, in Anton's syndrome; or who which lose some other sensory experience as well as in mentally ill people. <br /> <br /> == With Other Disorders ==<br /> <br /> Anosognosia is most commonly related to the denial of paralysis in people who recently suffered strokes. Approximately 20-30% of people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis after strokes also have symptoms of anosognosia. Some research has found as high as 58% of right hemisphere stroke patients denied hemiplegia or acknowledge weakness in their left arm. Likewise, some researchers, Xavier Amador specifically, has suggested that a form of anosognosia affects many schizophrenic and bipolar patients. He believes that nearly half of people with these disorders do not get treatment because they do not acknowledge that they are ill. Even patients who are diagnosed resist believing they are ill and instead fabricate illogical explanations for their symptoms and behaviors.<br /> <br /> == Treatment ==<br /> <br /> From further research it appears that anosognosia patients differ widely when confronted about their condition. In milder cases patients show some acknowledgement of their illness and became agitated when told about their condition. Other patients are completely unaware and are surprised when they cannot perform tasks (Prigatano and Koloff). Treatment for people with anosognosia is difficult. Although many people recover relatively quickly from this condition, it does remain permanent in other instances. In cases of strong anosognosia in particular, patients may resist treatment all together.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-27T19:54:29Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;/* Currently */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks, a practicing neurologist, is most famous for his books featuring his patients' cases throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists - his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family's foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen's College at Oxford University and completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at the University of California in Los Angeles. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. It was in this hospital that he met with many of the people who later inspired his books. He brought patients with sleeping sickness out of their vegetative states with L-Dopa. A recount of this was used to make his book first book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgments for his literary achievements, including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as also a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as &quot;the poet laureate of medicine&quot;. He has written many best selling books and, beside his own works, he has greatly contributed to neurological literature in general through his collaborations with many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> http://www.isepp.org/Media/Speaker%20Images/02-03%20Images/SacksWgo.jpg<br /> <br /> ''Oliver Sacks''<br /> <br /> <br /> == Books ==<br /> <br /> *Migraine (1970)<br /> *Awakenings (1973)<br /> *A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> *The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> *Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> *An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> *The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> *Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> *Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> *Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0684853949.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg<br /> <br /> == Recognition ==<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> *American Neurological Association<br /> *Association of British Neurologists<br /> *Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> *New York Academy of Sciences<br /> *New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> *Queen's College, Oxford<br /> *Royal College of Physicians<br /> *University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> *Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> *American Academy of Neurology<br /> *American Fern Society<br /> *Authors Guild<br /> *British Pteridological Society<br /> *Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> *New York Mineralogical Club<br /> *New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> *PEN<br /> *Society for Neuroscience<br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> *1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> *1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> *1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> *2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> *2006 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Peru<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> *1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> *1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> *1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> *1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourettes Syndrome)<br /> *1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> *1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> *1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> *1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> *1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> *1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> *1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> *1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> *1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> *2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> *2001 New York Times Editors Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> *2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> *2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> *2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> *2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> *2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> *2004 New York City Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> *2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> == Currently ==<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQPI0BIkOkE Oliver Sacks Interview]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwZPnESFjfU Oliver Sacks' Sleeping Sickness Patients]<br /> <br /> ''The link above is a video in Spanish. It is not necessary to understand Spanish to understand the clip. It clearly shows Sleeping Sickness patients which were left immobile from the disease. The effect of the L-Dopa Oliver Sacks treated them with is also evident. The patients regained their mobility. Although there were side-effects with continued treatment in which the patients experienced too much movement''</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-27T19:52:59Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks, a practicing neurologist, is most famous for his books featuring his patients' cases throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists - his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family's foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen's College at Oxford University and completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at the University of California in Los Angeles. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. It was in this hospital that he met with many of the people who later inspired his books. He brought patients with sleeping sickness out of their vegetative states with L-Dopa. A recount of this was used to make his book first book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgments for his literary achievements, including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as also a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as &quot;the poet laureate of medicine&quot;. He has written many best selling books and, beside his own works, he has greatly contributed to neurological literature in general through his collaborations with many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> http://www.isepp.org/Media/Speaker%20Images/02-03%20Images/SacksWgo.jpg<br /> <br /> ''Oliver Sacks''<br /> <br /> <br /> == Books ==<br /> <br /> *Migraine (1970)<br /> *Awakenings (1973)<br /> *A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> *The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> *Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> *An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> *The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> *Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> *Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> *Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0684853949.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg<br /> <br /> == Recognition ==<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> *American Neurological Association<br /> *Association of British Neurologists<br /> *Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> *New York Academy of Sciences<br /> *New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> *Queen's College, Oxford<br /> *Royal College of Physicians<br /> *University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> *Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> *American Academy of Neurology<br /> *American Fern Society<br /> *Authors Guild<br /> *British Pteridological Society<br /> *Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> *New York Mineralogical Club<br /> *New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> *PEN<br /> *Society for Neuroscience<br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> *1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> *1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> *1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> *2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> *2006 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Peru<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> *1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> *1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> *1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> *1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourettes Syndrome)<br /> *1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> *1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> *1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> *1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> *1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> *1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> *1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> *1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> *1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> *2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> *2001 New York Times Editors Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> *2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> *2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> *2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> *2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> *2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> *2004 New York City Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> *2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> == Currently ==<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> == Links ==<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQPI0BIkOkE Oliver Sacks Interview]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwZPnESFjfU Oliver Sacks' Sleeping Sickness Patients]<br /> <br /> ''The link above is a video in Spanish. It is not necessary to understand Spanish to understand the clip. It clearly shows Sleeping Sickness patients which were left immobile from the disease. The effect of the L-Dopa Oliver Sacks treated them with is also evident. The patients regained their mobility. Although there were side-effects with continued treatment in which the patients experienced too much movement''</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Wechsler_adult_intelligence_scale 2008-04-27T19:51:19Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological methods]]<br /> == Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)==<br /> <br /> The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is a general test of intelligence (IQ). The predecessor to this test was the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale which was created in 1939. This testing scale was replaced by David Wechsler’s range of intelligence tests in 1955. <br /> <br /> [[Image:Wechsler.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ''Dr. David Wechsler the creator of WAIS''<br /> <br /> == Development and Revision ==<br /> <br /> Several versions of this test have appeared since its creation. There are also different versions of this test in different countries. Revisions to the test in 1981 modified it to the WAIS-R. This test was standardized in the United States by testing a sample of 1,800 people from ages 16-74. The subjects were equally broken down into 9 age groups. There were equal numbers of men and women as well as white and nonwhite individuals which corresponded to figures from the census. The sample was further broken down into four geographic locations for the country. There was an attempt to balance between urban and rural subjects in the sample. Furthermore the subjects used in the sample were divided into six occupational groups. Thus, the standardization of the test was done in a manner in which to achieve a strong representative sample of the entire population in order to get accurate measures of intelligence. This scale has high levels of validity and reliability. The mean IQ for each of the age groups was a score of 100, with a standard deviation of 15. The current version of this test is the WAIS-III. This revision was made in the United States in 1997. It contains nearly 80% of the original test, along with improvements which attempt to make the scale culturally fair. <br /> <br /> [[Image:Wais3.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The tests measure intelligence in verbal and performance abilities. There are a total of 14 subtests. There are 7 verbal subtests and 7 performance subtests. The tests provide three scores: a verbal IQ, a performance IQ, and a full-scale IQ which is a composite of the combined scores. <br /> <br /> == The Verbal Subtests ==<br /> <br /> -Information: <br /> Degree of general information acquired from culture <br /> <br /> -Comprehension:<br /> Ability to deal with abstract social conventions, rules and expressions<br /> <br /> -Arithmetic:<br /> Concentration while manipulating mental mathematical problems <br /> <br /> -Similarities:<br /> Abstract verbal reasoning <br /> <br /> -Vocabulary:<br /> The degree to which one has learned, been able to comprehend and verbally express vocabulary<br /> <br /> -Digit span:<br /> For attention and concentration<br /> <br /> -Letter-Number Sequencing:<br /> Attention and working memory <br /> <br /> == The Performance Subtests ==<br /> <br /> -Picture Completion:<br /> Ability to quickly perceive visual details<br /> <br /> -Digit Symbol or Coding:<br /> Visual-motor coordination, motor and mental speed<br /> <br /> -Block Design:<br /> Spatial perception, visual abstract processing &amp; problem solving<br /> <br /> -Matrix Reasoning:<br /> Nonverbal abstract problem solving, inductive reasoning, spatial reasoning<br /> <br /> -Picture Arrangement:<br /> Logical/sequential reasoning, social insight<br /> <br /> -Symbol Search:<br /> Visual perception, speed<br /> <br /> -Object Assembly:<br /> Visual analysis, synthesis, and construction<br /> <br /> == Use with the Brain-Damaged ==<br /> <br /> With the separate tests and subtests it is possible to measure IQ in individuals who cannot complete either the verbal or performance components. Thus, individuals who are not able to comprehend or manage language can be tested through the performance tests for intelligence. Likewise the IQ of individuals that have visual or motor deficits can be calculated from the verbal tests alone. Neurologists often test patients with brain damage with subsections of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. This is done in order to make links between test performance and which areas in the brain have been damaged. Specific subsets may even be used to measure the extent of damage to specific brain areas. A different WAIS is often used for these purposes. It is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test Scale-Revised as a Neuropsychological Instrument. This intelligence scale is calculated with brain-damaged norms, thus, it is appropriate for comparisons among brain damaged individuals.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Other Wechsler Intelligence tests ==<br /> <br /> There are three main types of Wechsler intelligence tests. They are focused on specific age groups. The first of these is Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) which is specific to children ages 3-7. Another is the Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children (WISC) which is appropriate for use on children aged 7 to 16. Finally the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is used in accurately measuring the intelligence of people aged 16 and older.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Fusiform_gyrus 2008-04-27T19:48:53Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> [[Image:Fusiform Gyrus 2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ''Fusiform Gyrus is highlighted in pink above''<br /> <br /> <br /> The Fusiform Gyrus is a long spindle-shaped gyrus that is on the medial surface of each temporal lobe, at the connection of the occipital lobe which contains area V4 of the visual cortex. It is segmented medially by the collateral sulcus from the lingual gyrus and the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, laterally by the inferior temporal sulcus from the inferior temporal gyrus. Other names used for this brain area are: Gyrus Occipitotemporalis, Gyrus Fusiformis, lateral Occiptotemporal Gyrus, and Lobulous Fusiformis.<br /> <br /> == Function ==<br /> <br /> There is still some argument about the extent of the functioning of the fusiform gyrus, however, there are a few functions that are agreed upon. The fusiform gyrus has a part in processing color information. It plays a role in face and body recoginition (with the fusiform face area). It also plays a role in symbolic processing through word, number, and abstract recognition. Thus, it does processing for a variety of different things; its functioning appears to be strictly recognition of these items. The amount of the items that are recognized by this area may be much larger than has been discovered so far.<br /> <br /> == Parts of the Fusiform Gyrus ==<br /> <br /> Recent research has findings that suggest there are at least two part of the fusiform gyrus devoted to separate processing. The two separate portions of the fusiform gyrus showed distinctive activity levels to patterns of letters. The first region, more anterior in the brain, responded comparably to all types of letter strings. However, it did not to illustrations or visual patterns. The second area, which is more posterior in the brain, was only activated during presentations of actual words. Thus, there is support that there is a Visual Word Form Area in this gyrus. With more research it may be found to have even more separate processing areas within the fusiform gyrus.<br /> <br /> == Disorders ==<br /> <br /> There may be connections between prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, and the fusiform gyrus.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Gaser_and_Schlaug_(2003) 2008-04-27T19:47:32Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Plasticity Symposium]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Introduction ==<br /> <br /> In Christian Gaser and Gottfried Schlaug's titled article &quot;Brain Structures Differ between Musicians and Non-Musicians&quot;, the difference between the brain structures of musicians and non-musicians were studied. Musicians are different from non-musicians because they acquire many different skills such as motor and auditory skills that allow them to simultaneously read, hear, and produce music. In order to be skilled in playing an instrument, one must take time to practice to master certain techniques. Gaser and Schlaug found gray matter difference in three groups of people that they studied (professional musicians, amateur musicians, and non-musicians). They hope to find evidence to support their hypothesis that long-term skill acquisition and repetitive rehearsal of music skills cause structural adaptations in the brain. <br /> <br /> == Method ==<br /> <br /> In this study, right-handed, male, keyboard players were studied. There were 80 participants. 20 participants were professional musicians (worked full-time as a music teacher or a conservatory student and practiced 1+ hours a day), 20 were amateurs (played a musical instrument regularly, but music is not considered a career), and 40 were non-musicians(never played a musical instrument). All the participants were within the age range of 18-40 years of age. These individuals were matched on age and their verbal IQ scores.<br /> <br /> == Procedure ==<br /> <br /> High-resolution anatomical images of the whole brain were taken for each participant. The images were analyzed using VBM, which allowed for computational analysis for differences in gray matter volume in the brain. All the brain images were normalized, removing differences in size and shape. The gray and white matter was distinguished within the images. The volume of gray and white matter was calculated across the entire brain. The normalized brain images were averaged for non-musicians. Similar steps were used for the other groups. Then the groups were compared to each other. Calculations were done to find correlation between musician status on three levels. <br /> <br /> == Results ==<br /> <br /> The results show a positive correlation between the status of the musicians and the volume of gray matter (density of neurons) in certain brain areas. The volume in the sensorimotor cortex, auditory, and visuospatial regions of the cortex showed to be larger in professional keyboard players than amateur keyboard players and the nonmusicians and larger in the amateur keyboard players than the nonmusicians. The study also found no areas of the brain had exhibited decreased gray matter with increase in musicality of the participant.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Discussion ==<br /> <br /> The authors discuss plasticity as a contributing factor to the increase in grey matter in the musicians. Musical training could contribute to the structural changes in the brain. Motor areas change with specialization and practice of small movements with the hands and fingers when playing music. Similarly changes in the cerebellum could be contributed to cognitive skill learning. This is similar across the areas that were found to be increased in gray matter in the musicians. The functions of those brain areas were used often in musicians as they practiced their skills. Thus, more matter was used for those brain areas. The authors recognize that neural plasticity in humans may lead to use-dependent regional growth and structural adaptation in gray matter as a response to strong environmental demands during brain maturation. Since musicians repeatedly use brain areas to play their instruments they may exhibit use-dependent structural changes in their brains.<br /> <br /> There are many factors that plays into the results found in Gaser and Schlaug's study. In addition to plasticity, the age in which the musicians started to play the keyboard affects the brain areas. This is because more grey matter is able to be produced at an earlier age. It is easier for neurons to specialize in the brain areas that are devoted to visual, auditory, and motor actions. The duration of practice time also affected the amount of grey matter produced. The more practice time used each day by the musicians had an impact on the volume of grey matter in each participant. White matter was strengthened by the years of practicing. <br /> <br /> The setbacks in this study include studying only male, right-handed, keyboard players. It is possible that results would vary if it were to include, females, left-handed players, and musicians other than keyboard. <br /> <br /> Some of the issues that rise from this study ask whether this extra grey matter found in musicians actually plasticity. Another issue is that inborn differences in the brain may contribute to the differences in brain matter. Perhaps the plasticity found in this study is simply due to the plasticity done during the musicians' early years of playing music.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Image of Musician Brain ==<br /> <br /> [[Image:Music_brain.gif]]<br /> <br /> Some of the brain areas that have been found to be enlarged in musicians in morphometric studies based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Red, primary motor cortex; yellow, planum temporale; orange, anterior part of the corpus callosum.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-25T04:04:51Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> '''''Biography'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks, a practicing neurologist, is most famous for his books featuring his patients' cases throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists - his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family's foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen's College at Oxford University and completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at the University of California in Los Angeles. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. It was in this hospital that he met with many of the people who later inspired his books. He brought patients with sleeping sickness out of their vegetative states with L-Dopa. A recount of this was used to make his book first book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgments for his literary achievements, including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as also a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as &quot;the poet laureate of medicine&quot;. He has written many best selling books and, beside his own works, he has greatly contributed to neurological literature in general through his collaborations with many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> http://www.isepp.org/Media/Speaker%20Images/02-03%20Images/SacksWgo.jpg<br /> <br /> ''Oliver Sacks''<br /> <br /> <br /> '''''Books'''''<br /> <br /> *Migraine (1970)<br /> *Awakenings (1973)<br /> *A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> *The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> *Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> *An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> *The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> *Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> *Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> *Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0684853949.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg<br /> <br /> '''''Recognition'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> *American Neurological Association<br /> *Association of British Neurologists<br /> *Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> *New York Academy of Sciences<br /> *New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> *Queen's College, Oxford<br /> *Royal College of Physicians<br /> *University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> *Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> *American Academy of Neurology<br /> *American Fern Society<br /> *Authors Guild<br /> *British Pteridological Society<br /> *Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> *New York Mineralogical Club<br /> *New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> *PEN<br /> *Society for Neuroscience<br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> *1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> *1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> *1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> *2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> *2006 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Peru<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> *1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> *1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> *1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> *1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourettes Syndrome)<br /> *1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> *1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> *1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> *1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> *1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> *1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> *1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> *1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> *1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> *2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> *2001 New York Times Editors Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> *2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> *2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> *2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> *2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> *2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> *2004 New York City Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> *2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> '''''Currently'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> '''Links'''<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQPI0BIkOkE Oliver Sacks Interview]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwZPnESFjfU Oliver Sacks' Sleeping Sickness Patients]<br /> <br /> ''The link above is a video in Spanish. It is not necessary to understand Spanish to understand the clip. It clearly shows Sleeping Sickness patients which were left immobile from the disease. The effect of the L-Dopa Oliver Sacks treated them with is also evident. The patients regained their mobility. Although there were side-effects with continued treatment in which the patients experienced too much movement''</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-25T03:47:50Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> '''''Biography'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks, a practicing neurologist, is most famous for his books featuring his patients' cases throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists - his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family's foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen's College at Oxford University and completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at the University of California in Los Angeles. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. It was in this hospital that he met with many of the people who later inspired his books. He brought patients with sleeping sickness out of their vegetative states with L-Dopa. A recount of this was used to make his book first book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgments for his literary achievements, including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as also a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as &quot;the poet laureate of medicine&quot;. He has written many best selling books and, beside his own works, he has greatly contributed to neurological literature in general through his collaborations with many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> http://www.isepp.org/Media/Speaker%20Images/02-03%20Images/SacksWgo.jpg<br /> <br /> ''Oliver Sacks''<br /> <br /> <br /> '''''Books'''''<br /> <br /> *Migraine (1970)<br /> *Awakenings (1973)<br /> *A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> *The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> *Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> *An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> *The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> *Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> *Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> *Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0684853949.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg<br /> <br /> '''''Recognition'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> *American Neurological Association<br /> *Association of British Neurologists<br /> *Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> *New York Academy of Sciences<br /> *New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> *Queen's College, Oxford<br /> *Royal College of Physicians<br /> *University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> *Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> *American Academy of Neurology<br /> *American Fern Society<br /> *Authors Guild<br /> *British Pteridological Society<br /> *Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> *New York Mineralogical Club<br /> *New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> *PEN<br /> *Society for Neuroscience<br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> *1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> *1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> *1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> *2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> *2006 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Peru<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> *1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> *1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> *1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> *1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourettes Syndrome)<br /> *1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> *1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> *1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> *1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> *1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> *1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> *1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> *1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> *1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> *2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> *2001 New York Times Editors Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> *2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> *2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> *2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> *2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> *2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> *2004 New York City Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> *2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> '''''Currently'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> '''Links'''<br /> [[]]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-25T03:46:34Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> '''''Biography'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks, a practicing neurologist, is most famous for his books featuring his patients' cases throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists - his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family's foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen's College at Oxford University and completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at the University of California in Los Angeles. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. It was in this hospital that he met with many of the people who later inspired his books. He brought patients with sleeping sickness out of their vegetative states with L-Dopa. A recount of this was used to make his book first book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgments for his literary achievements, including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as also a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as &quot;the poet laureate of medicine&quot;. He has written many best selling books and, beside his own works, he has greatly contributed to neurological literature in general through his collaborations with many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> http://www.isepp.org/Media/Speaker%20Images/02-03%20Images/SacksWgo.jpg<br /> ''Oliver Sacks''<br /> <br /> <br /> '''''Books'''''<br /> <br /> *Migraine (1970)<br /> *Awakenings (1973)<br /> *A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> *The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> *Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> *An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> *The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> *Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> *Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> *Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0684853949.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg<br /> <br /> '''''Recognition'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> *American Neurological Association<br /> *Association of British Neurologists<br /> *Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> *New York Academy of Sciences<br /> *New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> *Queen's College, Oxford<br /> *Royal College of Physicians<br /> *University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> *Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> *American Academy of Neurology<br /> *American Fern Society<br /> *Authors Guild<br /> *British Pteridological Society<br /> *Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> *New York Mineralogical Club<br /> *New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> *PEN<br /> *Society for Neuroscience<br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> *1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> *1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> *1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> *2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> *2006 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Peru<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> *1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> *1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> *1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> *1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourettes Syndrome)<br /> *1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> *1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> *1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> *1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> *1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> *1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> *1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> *1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> *1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> *2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> *2001 New York Times Editors Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> *2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> *2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> *2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> *2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> *2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> *2004 New York City Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> *2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> '''''Currently'''''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> '''Links'''<br /> [[]]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Fusiform_gyrus 2008-04-25T03:42:20Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> [[Image:Fusiform Gyrus 2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ''Fusiform Gyrus is highlighted in pink above''<br /> <br /> <br /> The Fusiform Gyrus is a long spindle-shaped gyrus that is on the medial surface of each temporal lobe, at the connection of the occipital lobe which contains area V4 of the visual cortex. It is segmented medially by the collateral sulcus from the lingual gyrus and the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, laterally by the inferior temporal sulcus from the inferior temporal gyrus. Other names used for this brain area are: Gyrus Occipitotemporalis, Gyrus Fusiformis, lateral Occiptotemporal Gyrus, and Lobulous Fusiformis.<br /> <br /> '''Function'''<br /> <br /> There is still some argument about the extent of the functioning of the fusiform gyrus, however, there are a few functions that are agreed upon. The fusiform gyrus has a part in processing color information. It plays a role in face and body recoginition (with the fusiform face area). It also plays a role in symbolic processing through word, number, and abstract recognition. Thus, it does processing for a variety of different things; its functioning appears to be strictly recognition of these items. The amount of the items that are recognized by this area may be much larger than has been discovered so far.<br /> <br /> '''Parts of the Fusiform Gyrus'''<br /> <br /> Recent research has findings that suggest there are at least two part of the fusiform gyrus devoted to separate processing. The two separate portions of the fusiform gyrus showed distinctive activity levels to patterns of letters. The first region, more anterior in the brain, responded comparably to all types of letter strings. However, it did not to illustrations or visual patterns. The second area, which is more posterior in the brain, was only activated during presentations of actual words. Thus, there is support that there is a Visual Word Form Area in this gyrus. With more research it may be found to have even more separate processing areas within the fusiform gyrus.<br /> <br /> '''Disorders'''<br /> <br /> There may be connections between prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, and the fusiform gyrus.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Fusiform_gyrus 2008-04-25T03:34:38Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> [[Image:Fusiform Gyrus 2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Fusiform Gyrus is a long spindle-shaped gyrus that is on the medial surface of each temporal lobe, at the connection of the occipital lobe which contains area V4 of the visual cortex. It is segmented medially by the collateral sulcus from the lingual gyrus and the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, laterally by the inferior temporal sulcus from the inferior temporal gyrus. Other names used for this brain area are: Gyrus Occipitotemporalis, Gyrus Fusiformis, lateral Occiptotemporal Gyrus, and Lobulous Fusiformis. (It is located in the area highlighted in pink in the above image)<br /> <br /> '''Function'''<br /> <br /> There is still some argument about the extent of the functioning of the fusiform gyrus, however, there are a few functions that are agreed upon. The fusiform gyrus has a part in processing color information. It plays a role in face and body recoginition (with the fusiform face area). It also plays a role in symbolic processing through word, number, and abstract recognition. Thus, it does processing for a variety of different things; its functioning appears to be strictly recognition of these items. The amount of the items that are recognized by this area may be much larger than has been discovered so far.<br /> <br /> '''Parts of the Fusiform Gyrus'''<br /> <br /> Recent research has findings that suggest there are at least two part of the fusiform gyrus devoted to separate processing. The two separate portions of the fusiform gyrus showed distinctive activity levels to patterns of letters. The first region, more anterior in the brain, responded comparably to all types of letter strings. However, it did not to illustrations or visual patterns. The second area, which is more posterior in the brain, was only activated during presentations of actual words. Thus, there is support that there is a Visual Word Form Area in this gyrus. With more research it may be found to have even more separate processing areas within the fusiform gyrus.<br /> <br /> '''Disorders'''<br /> <br /> There may be connections between prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, and the fusiform gyrus.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Wechsler_adult_intelligence_scale 2008-04-25T03:32:41Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological methods]]<br /> '''Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)'''<br /> <br /> The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is a general test of intelligence (IQ). The predecessor to this test was the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale which was created in 1939. This testing scale was replaced by David Wechsler’s range of intelligence tests in 1955. <br /> <br /> [[Image:Wechsler.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ''Dr. David Wechsler the creator of WAIS''<br /> <br /> '''Development and Revision'''<br /> <br /> Several versions of this test have appeared since its creation. There are also different versions of this test in different countries. Revisions to the test in 1981 modified it to the WAIS-R. This test was standardized in the United States by testing a sample of 1,800 people from ages 16-74. The subjects were equally broken down into 9 age groups. There were equal numbers of men and women as well as white and nonwhite individuals which corresponded to figures from the census. The sample was further broken down into four geographic locations for the country. There was an attempt to balance between urban and rural subjects in the sample. Furthermore the subjects used in the sample were divided into six occupational groups. Thus, the standardization of the test was done in a manner in which to achieve a strong representative sample of the entire population in order to get accurate measures of intelligence. This scale has high levels of validity and reliability. The mean IQ for each of the age groups was a score of 100, with a standard deviation of 15. The current version of this test is the WAIS-III. This revision was made in the United States in 1997. It contains nearly 80% of the original test, along with improvements which attempt to make the scale culturally fair. <br /> <br /> [[Image:Wais3.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The tests measure intelligence in verbal and performance abilities. There are a total of 14 subtests. There are 7 verbal subtests and 7 performance subtests. The tests provide three scores: a verbal IQ, a performance IQ, and a full-scale IQ which is a composite of the combined scores. <br /> <br /> '''The Verbal Subtests:'''<br /> <br /> -Information: <br /> Degree of general information acquired from culture <br /> <br /> -Comprehension:<br /> Ability to deal with abstract social conventions, rules and expressions<br /> <br /> -Arithmetic:<br /> Concentration while manipulating mental mathematical problems <br /> <br /> -Similarities:<br /> Abstract verbal reasoning <br /> <br /> -Vocabulary:<br /> The degree to which one has learned, been able to comprehend and verbally express vocabulary<br /> <br /> -Digit span:<br /> For attention and concentration<br /> <br /> -Letter-Number Sequencing:<br /> Attention and working memory <br /> <br /> '''The Performance Subtests:'''<br /> <br /> -Picture Completion:<br /> Ability to quickly perceive visual details<br /> <br /> -Digit Symbol or Coding:<br /> Visual-motor coordination, motor and mental speed<br /> <br /> -Block Design:<br /> Spatial perception, visual abstract processing &amp; problem solving<br /> <br /> -Matrix Reasoning:<br /> Nonverbal abstract problem solving, inductive reasoning, spatial reasoning<br /> <br /> -Picture Arrangement:<br /> Logical/sequential reasoning, social insight<br /> <br /> -Symbol Search:<br /> Visual perception, speed<br /> <br /> -Object Assembly:<br /> Visual analysis, synthesis, and construction<br /> <br /> '''Use with the Brain-Damaged'''<br /> <br /> With the separate tests and subtests it is possible to measure IQ in individuals who cannot complete either the verbal or performance components. Thus, individuals who are not able to comprehend or manage language can be tested through the performance tests for intelligence. Likewise the IQ of individuals that have visual or motor deficits can be calculated from the verbal tests alone. Neurologists often test patients with brain damage with subsections of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. This is done in order to make links between test performance and which areas in the brain have been damaged. Specific subsets may even be used to measure the extent of damage to specific brain areas. A different WAIS is often used for these purposes. It is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test Scale-Revised as a Neuropsychological Instrument. This intelligence scale is calculated with brain-damaged norms, thus, it is appropriate for comparisons among brain damaged individuals.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Other Wechsler Intelligence tests'''<br /> <br /> There are three main types of Wechsler intelligence tests. They are focused on specific age groups. The first of these is Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) which is specific to children ages 3-7. Another is the Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children (WISC) which is appropriate for use on children aged 7 to 16. Finally the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is used in accurately measuring the intelligence of people aged 16 and older.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/File:Wais3.jpg 2008-04-25T03:24:52Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;WAIS-III</p> <hr /> <div>WAIS-III</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/File:Wechsler.jpg 2008-04-25T03:23:58Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;The creator the the WAIS</p> <hr /> <div>The creator the the WAIS</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Anosognosia 2008-04-25T03:15:07Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Anosognosia comes from the Greek roots “nosos” meaning disease and “gnosis” knowledge, with the prefix “a” meaning without. Anosognosia is the ignorance of the presence of disease. This condition was originally interchangeable in the medical field with denial. However, denial is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings. In 1914 Babinski coined the term anosognosia to describe patients with hemiplegia who were not aware of their illness. It is differentiated from denial because it is an unawareness of a neurological deficit and does not appear to be a defense mechanism.<br /> <br /> Early in research on the condition, Weinstein and Kahn (1955), believed that there may be individual types of anosognosia. Their research was not able to isolate a neurological function or brain area that was specifically associated with anosognosia. Even so, there are a variety of syndromes associated with anosognosia that apply to a variety of different neurological problems. However, this condition is most closely associated with paralysis occurring in patients with non-dominant parietal lobe lesions, who deny presence of hemiparesis. It also occurs in people who become blind, in Anton's syndrome; or who which lose some other sensory experience as well as in mentally ill people. <br /> <br /> Anosognosia is most commonly related to the denial of paralysis in people who recently suffered strokes. Approximately 20-30% of people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis after strokes also have symptoms of anosognosia. Some research has found as high as 58% of right hemisphere stroke patients denied hemiplegia or acknowledge weakness in their left arm. Likewise, some researchers, Xavier Amador specifically, has suggested that a form of anosognosia affects many schizophrenic and bipolar patients. He believes that nearly half of people with these disorders do not get treatment because they do not acknowledge that they are ill. Even patients who are diagnosed resist believing they are ill and instead fabricate illogical explanations for their symptoms and behaviors.<br /> <br /> From further research it appears that anosognosia patients differ widely when confronted about their condition. In milder cases patients show some acknowledgement of their illness and became agitated when told about their condition. Other patients are completely unaware and are surprised when they cannot perform tasks (Prigatano and Koloff). Treatment for people with anosognosia is difficult. Although many people recover relatively quickly from this condition, it does remain permanent in other instances. In cases of strong anosognosia in particular, patients may resist treatment all together.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Wechsler_adult_intelligence_scale 2008-04-25T03:07:02Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological methods]]<br /> '''Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)'''<br /> <br /> The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is a general test of intelligence (IQ). The predecessor to this test was the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale which was created in 1939. This testing scale was replaced by David Wechsler’s range of intelligence tests in 1955. <br /> <br /> Several versions of this test have appeared since its creation. There are also different versions of this test in different countries. Revisions to the test in 1981 modified it to the WAIS-R. This test was standardized in the United States by testing a sample of 1,800 people from ages 16-74. The subjects were equally broken down into 9 age groups. There were equal numbers of men and women as well as white and nonwhite individuals which corresponded to figures from the census. The sample was further broken down into four geographic locations for the country. There was an attempt to balance between urban and rural subjects in the sample. Furthermore the subjects used in the sample were divided into six occupational groups. Thus, the standardization of the test was done in a manner in which to achieve a strong representative sample of the entire population in order to get accurate measures of intelligence. This scale has high levels of validity and reliability. The mean IQ for each of the age groups was a score of 100, with a standard deviation of 15. The current version of this test is the WAIS-III. This revision was made in the United States in 1997. It contains nearly 80% of the original test, along with improvements which attempt to make the scale culturally fair. <br /> <br /> There are three main types of Wechsler intelligence tests. They are focused on specific age groups. The first of these is Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) which is specific to children ages 3-7. Another is the Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children (WISC) which is appropriate for use on children aged 7 to 16. Finally the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is used in accurately measuring the intelligence of people aged 16 and older.<br /> -<br /> The tests measure intelligence in verbal and performance abilities. There are a total of 14 subtests. There are 7 verbal subtests and 7 performance subtests. The tests provide three scores: a verbal IQ, a performance IQ, and a full-scale IQ which is a composite of the combined scores. <br /> <br /> '''The Verbal Subtests:'''<br /> <br /> -Information: <br /> Degree of general information acquired from culture <br /> <br /> -Comprehension:<br /> Ability to deal with abstract social conventions, rules and expressions<br /> <br /> -Arithmetic:<br /> Concentration while manipulating mental mathematical problems <br /> <br /> -Similarities:<br /> Abstract verbal reasoning <br /> <br /> -Vocabulary:<br /> The degree to which one has learned, been able to comprehend and verbally express vocabulary<br /> <br /> -Digit span:<br /> For attention and concentration<br /> <br /> -Letter-Number Sequencing:<br /> Attention and working memory <br /> <br /> '''The Performance Subtests:'''<br /> <br /> -Picture Completion:<br /> Ability to quickly perceive visual details<br /> <br /> -Digit Symbol or Coding:<br /> Visual-motor coordination, motor and mental speed<br /> <br /> -Block Design:<br /> Spatial perception, visual abstract processing &amp; problem solving<br /> <br /> -Matrix Reasoning:<br /> Nonverbal abstract problem solving, inductive reasoning, spatial reasoning<br /> <br /> -Picture Arrangement:<br /> Logical/sequential reasoning, social insight<br /> <br /> -Symbol Search:<br /> Visual perception, speed<br /> <br /> -Object Assembly:<br /> Visual analysis, synthesis, and construction<br /> <br /> '''Use with the Brain-Damaged'''<br /> With the separate tests and subtests it is possible to measure IQ in individuals who cannot complete either the verbal or performance components. Thus, individuals who are not able to comprehend or manage language can be tested through the performance tests for intelligence. Likewise the IQ of individuals that have visual or motor deficits can be calculated from the verbal tests alone. Neurologists often test patients with brain damage with subsections of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. This is done in order to make links between test performance and which areas in the brain have been damaged. Specific subsets may even be used to measure the extent of damage to specific brain areas. A different WAIS is often used for these purposes. It is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test Scale-Revised as a Neuropsychological Instrument. This intelligence scale is calculated with brain-damaged norms, thus, it is appropriate for comparisons among brain damaged individuals.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Wechsler_adult_intelligence_scale 2008-04-25T03:02:17Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological methods]]<br /> '''Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)'''<br /> <br /> The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is a general test of intelligence (IQ). The predecessor to this test was the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale which was created in 1939. This testing scale was replaced by David Wechsler’s range of intelligence tests in 1955. <br /> <br /> Several versions of this test have appeared since its creation. There are also different versions of this test in different countries. Revisions to the test in 1981 modified it to the WAIS-R. This test was standardized in the United States by testing a sample of 1,800 people from ages 16-74. The subjects were equally broken down into 9 age groups. There were equal numbers of men and women as well as white and nonwhite individuals which corresponded to figures from the census. The sample was further broken down into four geographic locations for the country. There was an attempt to balance between urban and rural subjects in the sample. Furthermore the subjects used in the sample were divided into six occupational groups. Thus, the standardization of the test was done in a manner in which to achieve a strong representative sample of the entire population in order to get accurate measures of intelligence. This scale has high levels of validity and reliability. The mean IQ for each of the age groups was a score of 100, with a standard deviation of 15. The current version of this test is the WAIS-III. This revision was made in the United States in 1997. It contains nearly 80% of the original test, along with improvements which attempt to make the scale culturally fair. <br /> <br /> There are three main types of Wechsler intelligence tests. They are focused on specific age groups. The first of these is Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) which is specific to children ages 3-7. Another is the Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children (WISC) which is appropriate for use on children aged 7 to 16. Finally the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is used in accurately measuring the intelligence of people aged 16 and older.<br /> <br /> The tests measure intelligence in verbal and performance abilities. There are a total of 14 subtests. There are 7 verbal subtests and 7 performance subtests. The tests provide three scores: a verbal IQ, a performance IQ, and a full-scale IQ which is a composite of the combined scores. <br /> <br /> '''The Verbal Subtests:'''<br /> Information <br /> Degree of general information acquired from culture <br /> Comprehension<br /> Ability to deal with abstract social conventions, rules and expressions<br /> Arithmetic<br /> Concentration while manipulating mental mathematical problems <br /> Similarities<br /> Abstract verbal reasoning <br /> Vocabulary<br /> The degree to which one has learned, been able to comprehend and verbally express vocabulary<br /> Digit span<br /> For attention and concentration<br /> Letter-Number Sequencing<br /> Attention and working memory <br /> <br /> '''The Performance Subtests:'''<br /> Picture Completion<br /> Ability to quickly perceive visual details<br /> Digit Symbol — Coding<br /> Visual-motor coordination, motor and mental speed<br /> Block Design<br /> Spatial perception, visual abstract processing &amp; problem solving<br /> Matrix Reasoning<br /> Nonverbal abstract problem solving, inductive reasoning, spatial reasoning<br /> Picture Arrangement<br /> Logical/sequential reasoning, social insight<br /> Symbol Search<br /> Visual perception, speed<br /> Object Assembly<br /> Visual analysis, synthesis, and construction<br /> <br /> '''Use with the Brain-Damaged'''<br /> With the separate tests and subtests it is possible to measure IQ in individuals who cannot complete either the verbal or performance components. Thus, individuals who are not able to comprehend or manage language can be tested through the performance tests for intelligence. Likewise the IQ of individuals that have visual or motor deficits can be calculated from the verbal tests alone. Neurologists often test patients with brain damage with subsections of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. This is done in order to make links between test performance and which areas in the brain have been damaged. Specific subsets may even be used to measure the extent of damage to specific brain areas. A different WAIS is often used for these purposes. It is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test Scale-Revised as a Neuropsychological Instrument. This intelligence scale is calculated with brain-damaged norms, thus, it is appropriate for comparisons among brain damaged individuals.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Fusiform_gyrus 2008-04-25T02:01:58Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> [[Image:Fusiform Gyrus 2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> The Fusiform Gyrus is a long spindle-shaped gyrus that is on the medial surface of each temporal lobe, at the connection of the occipital lobe which contains area V4 of the visual cortex. It is segmented medially by the collateral sulcus from the lingual gyrus and the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, laterally by the inferior temporal sulcus from the inferior temporal gyrus. Other names used for this brain area are: Gyrus Occipitotemporalis, Gyrus Fusiformis, lateral Occiptotemporal Gyrus, and Lobulous Fusiformis. (It is located in the area highlighted in pink in the above image)<br /> <br /> '''Function'''<br /> There is still some argument about the extent of the functioning of the fusiform gyrus, however, there are a few functions that are agreed upon. The fusiform gyrus has a part in processing color information. It plays a role in face and body recoginition (with the fusiform face area). It also plays a role in symbolic processing through word, number, and abstract recognition. Thus, it does processing for a variety of different things; its functioning appears to be strictly recognition of these items. The amount of the items that are recognized by this area may be much larger than has been discovered so far.<br /> <br /> '''Parts of the Fusiform Gyrus'''<br /> Recent research has findings that suggest there are at least two part of the fusiform gyrus devoted to separate processing. The two separate portions of the fusiform gyrus showed distinctive activity levels to patterns of letters. The first region, more anterior in the brain, responded comparably to all types of letter strings. However, it did not to illustrations or visual patterns. The second area, which is more posterior in the brain, was only activated during presentations of actual words. Thus, there is support that there is a Visual Word Form Area in this gyrus. With more research it may be found to have even more separate processing areas within the fusiform gyrus.<br /> <br /> '''Disorders'''<br /> There may be connections between prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, and the fusiform gyrus.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Fusiform_gyrus 2008-04-25T02:00:41Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> [[Image:Fusiform Gyrus 2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> The Fusiform Gyrus is a long spindle-shaped gyrus that is on the medial surface of each temporal lobe, at the connection of the occipital lobe which contains area V4 of the visual cortex. It is segmented medially by the collateral sulcus from the lingual gyrus and the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, laterally by the inferior temporal sulcus from the inferior temporal gyrus. Other names used for this brain area are: Gyrus Occipitotemporalis, Gyrus Fusiformis, lateral Occiptotemporal Gyrus, and Lobulous Fusiformis.<br /> <br /> '''Function'''<br /> There is still some argument about the extent of the functioning of the fusiform gyrus, however, there are a few functions that are agreed upon. The fusiform gyrus has a part in processing color information. It plays a role in face and body recoginition (with the fusiform face area). It also plays a role in symbolic processing through word, number, and abstract recognition. Thus, it does processing for a variety of different things; its functioning appears to be strictly recognition of these items. The amount of the items that are recognized by this area may be much larger than has been discovered so far.<br /> <br /> '''Parts of the Fusiform Gyrus'''<br /> Recent research has findings that suggest there are at least two part of the fusiform gyrus devoted to separate processing. The two separate portions of the fusiform gyrus showed distinctive activity levels to patterns of letters. The first region, more anterior in the brain, responded comparably to all types of letter strings. However, it did not to illustrations or visual patterns. The second area, which is more posterior in the brain, was only activated during presentations of actual words. Thus, there is support that there is a Visual Word Form Area in this gyrus. With more research it may be found to have even more separate processing areas within the fusiform gyrus.<br /> <br /> '''Disorders'''<br /> There may be connections between prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, and the fusiform gyrus.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/File:Fusiform_Gyrus_2.jpg 2008-04-25T01:57:42Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;The area highlighted in pink is the Fusiform Gyrus</p> <hr /> <div>The area highlighted in pink is the Fusiform Gyrus</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-25T00:54:58Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> ''Biography''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks, a practicing neurologist, is most famous for his books featuring his patients' cases throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists - his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family's foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen's College at Oxford University and completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at the University of California in Los Angeles. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. It was in this hospital that he met with many of the people who later inspired his books. He brought patients with sleeping sickness out of their vegetative states with L-Dopa. A recount of this was used to make his book first book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgments for his literary achievements, including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as also a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as &quot;the poet laureate of medicine&quot;. He has written many best selling books and, beside his own works, he has greatly contributed to neurological literature in general through his collaborations with many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> http://www.isepp.org/Media/Speaker%20Images/02-03%20Images/SacksWgo.jpg<br /> <br /> ''Books''<br /> *Migraine (1970)<br /> *Awakenings (1973)<br /> *A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> *The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> *Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> *An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> *The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> *Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> *Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> *Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0684853949.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg<br /> <br /> ''Recognition''<br /> <br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> *American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> *American Neurological Association<br /> *Association of British Neurologists<br /> *Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> *New York Academy of Sciences<br /> *New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> *Queen's College, Oxford<br /> *Royal College of Physicians<br /> *University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> *Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> *American Academy of Neurology<br /> *American Fern Society<br /> *Authors Guild<br /> *British Pteridological Society<br /> *Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> *New York Mineralogical Club<br /> *New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> *PEN<br /> *Society for Neuroscience<br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> *1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> *1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> *1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> *1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> *2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> *2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> *2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> *2006 Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Peru<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> *1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> *1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> *1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> *1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourettes Syndrome)<br /> *1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> *1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> *1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> *1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> *1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> *1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> *1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> *1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> *1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> *1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> *1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> *2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> *2001 New York Times Editors Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> *2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> *2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> *2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> *2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> *2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> *2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> *2004 New York City Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> *2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> ''Currently''<br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> '''Links'''<br /> [[]]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Wechsler_adult_intelligence_scale 2008-04-25T00:51:51Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological methods]]<br /> Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)<br /> <br /> The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is a general test of intelligence (IQ). The predecessor to this test was the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale which was created in 1939. This testing scale was replaced by David Wechsler’s range of intelligence tests in 1955. <br /> <br /> Several versions of this test have appeared since its creation. There are also different versions of this test in different countries. Revisions to the test in 1981 modified it to the WAIS-R. This test was standardized in the United States by testing a sample of 1,800 people from ages 16-74. The subjects were equally broken down into 9 age groups. There were equal numbers of men and women as well as white and nonwhite individuals which corresponded to figures from the census. The sample was further broken down into four geographic locations for the country. There was an attempt to balance between urban and rural subjects in the sample. Furthermore the subjects used in the sample were divided into six occupational groups. Thus, the standardization of the test was done in a manner in which to achieve a strong representative sample of the entire population in order to get accurate measures of intelligence. This scale has high levels of validity and reliability. The mean IQ for each of the age groups was a score of 100, with a standard deviation of 15. The current version of this test is the WAIS-III. This revision was made in the United States in 1997. It contains nearly 80% of the original test, along with improvements which attempt to make the scale culturally fair. <br /> <br /> There are three main types of Wechsler intelligence tests. They are focused on specific age groups. The first of these is Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) which is specific to children ages 3-7. Another is the Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children (WISC) which is appropriate for use on children aged 7 to 16. Finally the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is used in accurately measuring the intelligence of people aged 16 and older.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Fusiform_gyrus 2008-04-18T13:45:32Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Fusiform Gyrus is a long spindle-shaped gyrus that is on the medial surface of each temporal lobe, at the connection of the occipital lobe which contains area V4 of the visual cortex. It is segmented medially by the collateral sulcus from the lingual gyrus and the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, laterally by the inferior temporal sulcus from the inferior temporal gyrus. Other names used for this brain area are: Gyrus Occipitotemporalis, Gyrus Fusiformis, lateral Occiptotemporal Gyrus, and Lobulous Fusiformis.<br /> <br /> '''Function'''<br /> There is still some argument about the extent of the functioning of the fusiform gyrus, however, there are a few functions that are agreed upon. The fusiform gyrus has a part in processing color information. It plays a role in face and body recoginition (with the fusiform face area). It also plays a role in symbolic processing through word, number, and abstract recognition. Thus, it does processing for a variety of different things; its functioning appears to be strictly recognition of these items. The amount of the items that are recognized by this area may be much larger than has been discovered so far.<br /> <br /> '''Parts of the Fusiform Gyrus'''<br /> Recent research has findings that suggest there are at least two part of the fusiform gyrus devoted to separate processing. The two separate portions of the fusiform gyrus showed distinctive activity levels to patterns of letters. The first region, more anterior in the brain, responded comparably to all types of letter strings. However, it did not to illustrations or visual patterns. The second area, which is more posterior in the brain, was only activated during presentations of actual words. Thus, there is support that there is a Visual Word Form Area in this gyrus. With more research it may be found to have even more separate processing areas within the fusiform gyrus.<br /> <br /> '''Disorders'''<br /> There may be connections between prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, and the fusiform gyrus.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Fusiform_gyrus 2008-04-18T13:44:27Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Brain areas]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Fusiform Gyrus is a long spindle-shaped gyrus that is on the medial surface of each temporal lobe, at the connection of the occipital lobe which contains area V4 of the visual cortex. It is segmented medially by the collateral sulcus from the lingual gyrus and the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, laterally by the inferior temporal sulcus from the inferior temporal gyrus. Other names used for this brain area are: Gyrus Occipitotemporalis, Gyrus Fusiformis, lateral Occiptotemporal Gyrus, and Lobulous Fusiformis. <br /> '''<br /> Function:'''<br /> <br /> There is still some argument about the extent of the functioning of the fusiform gyrus, however, there are a few functions that are agreed upon. The fusiform gyrus has a part in processing color information. It plays a role in face and body recoginition (with the fusiform face area). It also plays a role in symbolic processing through word, number, and abstract recognition. Thus, it does processing for a variety of different things; its functioning appears to be strictly recognition of these items. The amount of the items that are recognized by this area may be much larger than has been discovered so far.<br /> '''<br /> Parts of the Fusiform Gyrus:'''<br /> <br /> Recent research has findings that suggest there are at least two part of the fusiform gyrus devoted to separate processing. The two separate portions of the fusiform gyrus showed distinctive activity levels to patterns of letters. The first region, more anterior in the brain, responded comparably to all types of letter strings. However, it did not to illustrations or visual patterns. The second area, which is more posterior in the brain, was only activated during presentations of actual words. Thus, there is support that there is a Visual Word Form Area in this gyrus. With more research it may be found to have even more separate processing areas within the fusiform gyrus.<br /> <br /> '''Disorders:'''<br /> <br /> There may be connections between prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize faces, and the fusiform gyrus.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-18T12:56:15Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> '''Biography'''<br /> Oliver Sacks is a practicing neurologist, who is most famous for his books featuring patients' case studies he has encountered throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists, his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family’s foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen’s College at Oxford University. He completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at UCLA. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. This hospital was the place where he met with many of the people that inspired his books, all beginning with the patients with sleeping sickness, whom he treated with L-Dopa to bring out of their vegetative state. A recount of this was used to make his book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgements for his literary achievements including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as “the poet laureate of medicine.” He has written many best selling books; besides his own works, he has greatly participated to neurological literature through his collaborations with and contributions to the works of many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> '''Books:'''<br /> Migraine (1970)<br /> Awakenings (1973)<br /> A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> '''Recognition'''<br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> American Neurological Association<br /> Association of British Neurologists<br /> Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> New York Academy of Sciences<br /> New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> Queen’s College, Oxford<br /> Royal College of Physicians<br /> University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> American Academy of Neurology<br /> American Fern Society<br /> Authors’ Guild<br /> British Pteridological Society<br /> Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> New York Mineralogical Club<br /> New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> PEN<br /> Society for Neuroscience. <br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> 1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> 1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> 1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> 1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> 1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> 1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> 2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> 2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> 2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> 2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> 2006 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> 1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> 1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> 1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> 1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourette’s Syndrome)<br /> 1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> 1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> 1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> 1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> 1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> 1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> 1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> 1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> 1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> 1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> 1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> 2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> 2001 New York Times Editors’ Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> 2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> 2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> 2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> 2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> 2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> 2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> 2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> 2004 New York City Mayor’s Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> 2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> '''Currently'''<br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]<br /> <br /> '''Links'''<br /> [[]]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-18T05:35:42Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> <br /> '''Biography'''<br /> Oliver Sacks is a practicing neurologist, who is most famous for his books featuring patients' case studies he has encountered throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists, his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family’s foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen’s College at Oxford University. He completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at UCLA. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. This hospital was the place where he met with many of the people that inspired his books, all beginning with the patients with sleeping sickness, whom he treated with L-Dopa to bring out of their vegetative state. A recount of this was used to make his book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgements for his literary achievements including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as “the poet laureate of medicine.” He has written many best selling books; besides his own works, he has greatly participated to neurological literature through his collaborations with and contributions to the works of many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> '''Books:'''<br /> Migraine (1970)<br /> Awakenings (1973)<br /> A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> '''Recognition'''<br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> American Neurological Association<br /> Association of British Neurologists<br /> Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> New York Academy of Sciences<br /> New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> Queen’s College, Oxford<br /> Royal College of Physicians<br /> University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> American Academy of Neurology<br /> American Fern Society<br /> Authors’ Guild<br /> British Pteridological Society<br /> Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> New York Mineralogical Club<br /> New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> PEN<br /> Society for Neuroscience. <br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> 1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> 1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> 1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> 1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> 1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> 1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> 2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> 2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> 2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> 2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> 2006 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> 1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> 1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> 1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> 1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourette’s Syndrome)<br /> 1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> 1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> 1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> 1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> 1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> 1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> 1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> 1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> 1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> 1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> 1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> 2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> 2001 New York Times Editors’ Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> 2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> 2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> 2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> 2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> 2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> 2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> 2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> 2004 New York City Mayor’s Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> 2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> '''Currently'''<br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-18T05:32:03Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> '''Biography'''<br /> Oliver Sacks is a practicing neurologist, who is most famous for his books featuring patients' case studies he has encountered throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists, his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family’s foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen’s College at Oxford University. He completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at UCLA. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. This hospital was the place where he met with many of the people that inspired his books, all beginning with the patients with sleeping sickness, whom he treated with L-Dopa to bring out of their vegetative state. A recount of this was used to make his book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgements for his literary achievements including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as “the poet laureate of medicine.” He has written many best selling books; besides his own works, he has greatly participated to neurological literature through his collaborations with and contributions to the works of many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> '''Books:'''<br /> Migraine (1970)<br /> Awakenings (1973)<br /> A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> '''Recognition'''<br /> Oliver Sacks has received recognition throughout his career for his exemplary work. These include honorary degrees, awards, memberships, among others.<br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> American Neurological Association<br /> Association of British Neurologists<br /> Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> New York Academy of Sciences<br /> New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> Queen’s College, Oxford<br /> Royal College of Physicians<br /> University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Sacks has inducted as a member to the following groups:<br /> Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> American Academy of Neurology<br /> American Fern Society<br /> Authors’ Guild<br /> British Pteridological Society<br /> Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> New York Mineralogical Club<br /> New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> PEN<br /> Society for Neuroscience. <br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> 1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> 1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> 1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> 1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> 1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> 1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> 2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> 2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> 2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> 2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> 2006 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> 1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> 1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> 1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> 1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourette’s Syndrome)<br /> 1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> 1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> 1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> 1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> 1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> 1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> 1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> 1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> 1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> 1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> 1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> 2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> 2001 New York Times Editors’ Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> 2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> 2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> 2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> 2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> 2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> 2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> 2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> 2004 New York City Mayor’s Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> 2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> '''Currently'''<br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-18T05:29:28Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> '''Biography'''<br /> Oliver Sacks is a practicing neurologist, who is most famous for his books featuring patients' case studies he has encountered throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists, his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family’s foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen’s College at Oxford University. He completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at UCLA. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. This hospital was the place where he met with many of the people that inspired his books, all beginning with the patients with sleeping sickness, whom he treated with L-Dopa to bring out of their vegetative state. A recount of this was used to make his book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgements for his literary achievements including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as “the poet laureate of medicine.” He has written many best selling books; besides his own works, he has greatly participated to neurological literature through his collaborations with and contributions to the works of many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> '''Books:'''<br /> Migraine (1970)<br /> Awakenings (1973)<br /> A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> '''Honors'''<br /> Oliver Sacks has received many honors throughout his career. <br /> He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations:<br /> American Academy of Arts and Letters<br /> American Academy of Arts and Sciences<br /> American Neurological Association<br /> Association of British Neurologists<br /> Jonathan Edwards College, Yale University<br /> New York Academy of Sciences<br /> New York Institute for the Humanities at NYU<br /> Queen’s College, Oxford<br /> Royal College of Physicians<br /> University of California, Santa Cruz, Cowell College<br /> <br /> Memberships<br /> Alpha Omega Alpha<br /> American Academy of Neurology<br /> American Fern Society<br /> Authors’ Guild<br /> British Pteridological Society<br /> Bronx County and NY State Medical Societies<br /> New York Mineralogical Club<br /> New York Stereoscopic Society<br /> PEN<br /> Society for Neuroscience. <br /> <br /> He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world, including:<br /> 1990 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> 1991 Tufts University, Doctor of Science<br /> 1991 College of Staten Island, CUNY, Doctor of Humane Letters<br /> 1991 New York Medical College, Doctor of Science<br /> 1992 Medical College of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> 1992 Bard College, Doctor of Science<br /> 2001 Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Doctor of Laws<br /> 2003 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Doctor of Medical Science<br /> 2005 Gallaudet University, Doctor of Laws<br /> 2005 University of Oxford, Doctor of Civil Law<br /> 2006 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú<br /> <br /> In addition he has received many awards for his work:<br /> 1970 Alpha Omega Alpha, Albert Einstein College of Medicine<br /> 1973 Book of the Year, The Observer, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1974 Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1988 American Psychiatric Association, Oskar Pfister Award<br /> 1989 American Academy &amp; Institute of Arts and Letters, Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award<br /> 1989 Guggenheim Fellowship (for work on the neuro-anthropology of Tourette’s Syndrome)<br /> 1991 The Scriptor Award, University of Southern California, AWAKENINGS<br /> 1991 Odd Fellows Social Concern Book Award, SEEING VOICES<br /> 1991 Prix Psyche'<br /> 1991 National Headache Foundation, Professional Support Award<br /> 1991 American Academy of Neurology, Presidential Citation<br /> 1991 American Neurological Association, Special Presidential Award<br /> 1991 The Royal National Institute for the Deaf, Communicator of the Year Award<br /> 1991 Assn of Neuroscience Depts &amp; Programs, Award for Education in Neuroscience<br /> 1994 George S. Polk Award for Magazine Reporting, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> 1994 National Association of Science Writers Award, &quot;An Anthropologist on Mars&quot;<br /> 1995 Esquire/Apple/Waterstone's Book of the Year, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS<br /> 1996 Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Tokyo, Best Natural Science Book, SEEING VOICES<br /> 2000 Cornell University, A.D. White Professor-at-Large<br /> 2001 New York Times Editors’ Choice, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> 2002 Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, Rockefeller University<br /> 2002 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship (Music and the Brain)<br /> 2002 Jewish Quarterly Wingate Prize, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> 2004 National Science Foundation Public Communication Award<br /> 2004 Tanner Lecturer in Human Values, Yale University<br /> 2004 Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Award<br /> 2004 E.A. Wood Scientific Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association<br /> 2004 New York City Mayor’s Award for Excellence in Science and Technology<br /> 2004 Literature Award of the German Chemical Industry Fund, UNCLE TUNGSTEN<br /> <br /> '''Currently'''<br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-18T05:22:15Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> '''Biography'''<br /> Oliver Sacks is a practicing neurologist, who is most famous for his books featuring patients' case studies he has encountered throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists, his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family’s foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen’s College at Oxford University. He completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at UCLA. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. This hospital was the place where he met with many of the people that inspired his books, all beginning with the patients with sleeping sickness, whom he treated with L-Dopa to bring out of their vegetative state. A recount of this was used to make his book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgements for his literary achievements including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as “the poet laureate of medicine.” He has written many best selling books; besides his own works, he has greatly participated to neurological literature through his collaborations with and contributions to the works of many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> '''Books:'''<br /> Migraine (1970)<br /> Awakenings (1973)<br /> A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> '''Honors'''<br /> Oliver Sacks has received many honors throughout his career. He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations. He is a member of many groups (add list). He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world. In addition he has received many awards for his work. (add lists)<br /> <br /> '''Current'''<br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.<br /> --[[User:Jadunn|Jadunn]] 01:22, 18 April 2008 (EDT)</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Oliver_Sacks 2008-04-18T05:21:35Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]<br /> '''Biography'''<br /> Oliver Sacks is a practicing neurologist, who is most famous for his books featuring patients' case studies he has encountered throughout his career. He was born July 9, 1933 in London, England. He was brought up among a family of doctors and scientists, his mother was a surgeon and his father was a general practitioner. Oliver followed in his family’s foot steps. He earned his medical degree from Queen’s College at Oxford University. He completed his residencies at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at UCLA. Later he moved to New York to begin his practice. He began working as a consulting neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital in New York City. This hospital was the place where he met with many of the people that inspired his books, all beginning with the patients with sleeping sickness, whom he treated with L-Dopa to bring out of their vegetative state. A recount of this was used to make his book Awakenings. <br /> <br /> Sacks has been published many times throughout his career. He has received many acknowledgements for his literary achievements including the Lewis Thomas Prize by Rockefeller University, which recognized him as a poet. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The New York Times referred to him as “the poet laureate of medicine.” He has written many best selling books; besides his own works, he has greatly participated to neurological literature through his collaborations with and contributions to the works of many other professionals in the field. <br /> <br /> '''Books:'''<br /> Migraine (1970)<br /> Awakenings (1973)<br /> A Leg to Stand On (1984)<br /> The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)<br /> Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (1990)<br /> An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)<br /> The Island of the Colorblind (1996<br /> Uncle Tungten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)<br /> Oaxaca Journal (2002<br /> Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)<br /> <br /> '''Honors'''<br /> Oliver Sacks has received many honors throughout his career. He has honorary fellowships to a variety of different organizations. He is a member of many groups (add list). He has received 11 honorary degrees from Universities around the world. In addition he has received many awards for his work. (add lists)<br /> <br /> '''Current'''<br /> Oliver Sacks work has brought him around the world. He has encountered many people of a variety of cultures. However, he continues to reside in New York. He currently holds the position of Professor of Clinical Neurology and Clinical Psychiatry at the Columbia University Medical Center.</div>

Jadunn http://72.14.177.54/psy3242/Anosognosia 2008-04-18T03:48:49Z

<p>Jadunn:&#32;</p> <hr /> <div>[[Category:Neuropsychological syndromes]]<br /> Anosognosia<br /> <br /> Anosognosia comes from the Greek roots “nosos” meaning disease and “gnosis” knowledge, with the prefix “a” meaning without. Anosognosia is the ignorance of the presence of disease. This condition was originally interchangeable in the medical field with denial. However, denial is an unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings. In 1914 Babinski coined the term anosognosia to describe patients with hemiplegia who were not aware of their illness. It is differentiated from denial because it is an unawareness of a neurological deficit and does not appear to be a defense mechanism.<br /> <br /> Early in research on the condition, Weinstein and Kahn (1955), believed that there may be individual types of anosognosia. Their research was not able to isolate a neurological function or brain area that was specifically associated with anosognosia. Even so, there are a variety of syndromes associated with anosognosia that apply to a variety of different neurological problems. However, this condition is most closely associated with paralysis occurring in patients with non-dominant parietal lobe lesions, who deny presence of hemiparesis. It also occurs in people who become blind, in Anton's syndrome; or who which lose some other sensory experience as well as in mentally ill people. <br /> <br /> Anosognosia is most commonly related to the denial of paralysis in people who recently suffered strokes. Approximately 20-30% of people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis after strokes also have symptoms of anosognosia. Some research has found as high as 58% of right hemisphere stroke patients denied hemiplegia or acknowledge weakness in their left arm. Likewise, some researchers, Xavier Amador specifically, has suggested that a form of anosognosia affects many schizophrenic and bipolar patients. He believes that nearly half of people with these disorders do not get treatment because they do not acknowledge that they are ill. Even patients who are diagnosed resist believing they are ill and instead fabricate illogical explanations for their symptoms and behaviors.<br /> <br /> From further research it appears that anosognosia patients differ widely when confronted about their condition. In milder cases patients show some acknowledgement of their illness and became agitated when told about their condition. Other patients are completely unaware and are surprised when they cannot perform tasks (Prigatano and Koloff). Treatment for people with anosognosia is difficult. Although many people recover relatively quickly from this condition, it does remain permanent in other instances. In cases of strong anosognosia in particular, patients may resist treatment all together.</div>

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