Paul Broca - Revision history

Hmetzger at 15:04, 28 April 2008

Hmetzger — Mon, 28 Apr 2008 15:04:15 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:04, 28 April 2008
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	[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2IiMEbMnPM Broca's Aphasia video]		[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2IiMEbMnPM Broca's Aphasia video]
		+
		+	Broca seemed like a man advanced in his time. All of his inventions have benefited the medical field and still do today. It is amazing how one person in the world can add so much knowledge that influences people years after their discoveries.
		+	~Hannah

RKochis at 09:24, 28 April 2008

RKochis — Mon, 28 Apr 2008 09:24:52 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 09:24, 28 April 2008
Line 9:		Line 9:
	Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.		Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.

-	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Society-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from ~~aphÃ©mie~~ (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca's convolution- the motor speech area."	+	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Society-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from aphÃ�Â©mie (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca's convolution- the motor speech area."

-	==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==	+	==Paul Broca's Patient [[Tan (aphasia patient)]]==

-	Paul Broca's patient was Monsieur LeBorgne. Tan. Tan was only able to say the word "Tan." He is also responsible for the study of Aphasia known as Broca's aphasia. In a patient with Broca's aphasia, words like "in" "and" "but" "above" "about" and "so on" are often omitted. There is also telegraphic speech. There are difficulties in language production (especially of novel utterances). May be able to use well practiced expressions without obvious difficulty and may be able to sing well-known songs. Broca's area is located in the left frontal lobe just forward from the primary motor cortex on the posterior surface of the 3rd frontal gyrus, encompassing Brodman's 44 and part of area 6. Non-fluent speech but articulation is good. Speech is often slow, deliberate and requires much effort, and may have only a very simple grammatical structure. When PET is used to examine resting brain function, patients with Broca's aphasia show underactivation in left frontal regions.	+	Paul Broca's patient was Monsieur LeBorgne. Tan. [[Tan (aphasia patient)]] was only able to say the word "Tan." He is also responsible for the study of Aphasia known as [[Broca's aphasia]]. In a patient with [[Broca's aphasia]], words like "in" "and" "but" "above" "about" and "so on" are often omitted. There is also telegraphic speech. There are difficulties in language production (especially of novel utterances). May be able to use well practiced expressions without obvious difficulty and may be able to sing well-known songs. [[Broca's area]] is located in the left frontal lobe just forward from the [[primary motor cortex]] on the posterior surface of the 3rd frontal gyrus, encompassing Brodman's 44 and part of area 6. Non-fluent speech but articulation is good. Speech is often slow, deliberate and requires much effort, and may have only a very simple grammatical structure. When PET ([[Positron emission tomography]]) is used to examine resting brain function, patients with [[Broca's aphasia]] show underactivation in left frontal regions.

-	=Broca's Aphasia==	+	=[[Broca's Aphasia]]==

-	Paul Broca discovered that speech was impaired following damage to the posterior portion of the third convolution of the left frontal lobe(often called Broca's area). Broca's aphasia is known as expressive, nonfluent, or motor aphasia. The degree of speech loss highly correlates to the degree of oral apraxia. Apraxia refers to a difficulty miming or performing learned motor skills on command. Patients severely affected with oral apraxia may be unable to poke their tongue out or whistle on verbal command or in imitation of the examiner. Tan was found at postmortem to have a lesion of the third frontal gyrus. The right hand is often paralyzed because the lesion that causes Broca's aphasia may also encroach on the motor strip for the hand. The major feature of Broca's aphasia is severe nonfluency of speech, which may be extreme to render the patient mute. Speech is often limited to a few stereotyped expressions and expletives. Often the comprehension of numbers and symbols is also impaired. Their non-verbal memory is good; they have no difficulty recognizing doctors and other caregivers and they can follow a simple schedule. They are also emotionally fragile and easily angered or brought to tears.	+	Paul Broca discovered that speech was impaired following damage to the posterior portion of the third convolution of the left frontal lobe(often called [[Broca's area]]). [[Broca's aphasia]] is known as expressive, nonfluent, or motor aphasia. The degree of speech loss highly correlates to the degree of oral apraxia. Apraxia refers to a difficulty miming or performing learned motor skills on command. Patients severely affected with oral apraxia may be unable to poke their tongue out or whistle on verbal command or in imitation of the examiner. Tan was found at postmortem to have a lesion of the third frontal gyrus. The right hand is often paralyzed because the lesion that causes [[Broca's aphasia]] may also encroach on the motor strip for the hand. The major feature of [[Broca's aphasia]] is severe nonfluency of speech, which may be extreme to render the patient mute. Speech is often limited to a few stereotyped expressions and expletives. Often the comprehension of numbers and symbols is also impaired. Their non-verbal memory is good; they have no difficulty recognizing doctors and other caregivers and they can follow a simple schedule. They are also emotionally fragile and easily angered or brought to tears.

	[[image:aphasia.gif]]		[[image:aphasia.gif]]

Sriegsecker at 00:56, 28 April 2008

Sriegsecker — Mon, 28 Apr 2008 00:56:19 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:56, 28 April 2008
Line 9:		Line 9:
	Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.		Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.

-	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Society-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from aphÃ©mie(renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca's convolution- the motor speech area."	+	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Society-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from aphÃ©mie (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca's convolution- the motor speech area."

	==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==		==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==

Sriegsecker at 00:54, 28 April 2008

Sriegsecker — Mon, 28 Apr 2008 00:54:09 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:54, 28 April 2008
Line 9:		Line 9:
	Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.		Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.

-	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Society-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from ~~aphÃ�Â©mie~~ (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca's convolution- the motor speech area."	+	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Society-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from aphÃ©mie(renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca's convolution- the motor speech area."

	==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==		==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==

Sriegsecker at 00:49, 28 April 2008

Sriegsecker — Mon, 28 Apr 2008 00:49:38 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:49, 28 April 2008
Line 5:		Line 5:
	==Life of Paul Broca==		==Life of Paul Broca==

-	Pierre Paul Broca (June 28, 1824 ~~â��~~ July 9, 1880) was a French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France.	+	Pierre Paul Broca (June 28, 1824 -- July 9, 1880) was a French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France.

	Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.		Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.

-	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the ~~SocietÃ©~~-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from ~~aphÃ©mie~~ (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "~~Brocaâ��s~~ convolution- the motor speech area."	+	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Society-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from aphÃ�Â©mie (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca's convolution- the motor speech area."

	==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==		==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==
Line 17:		Line 17:
	=Broca's Aphasia==		=Broca's Aphasia==

-	Paul Broca discovered that speech was impaired following damage to the posterior portion of the third convolution of the left frontal lobe(often called Broca's area). Broca's aphasia is known as expressive, nonfluent, or motor aphasia. The degree of speech loss highly correlates to the degree of oral apraxia. Apraxia refers to a difficulty miming or performing learned motor skills on command. Patients severely affected with oral apraxia may be unable to poke their tongue out or whistle on verbal command or in imitation of the ~~examinar~~. Tan was found at postmortem to have a lesion of the third frontal gyrus. The right hand is often paralyzed because the lesion that causes Broca's aphasia may also encroach on the motor strip for the hand. The major feature of Broca's aphasia is severe nonfluency of speech, which may be extreme to render the patient mute. Speech is often limited to a few stereotyped expressions and expletives. Often the comprehension of numbers and symbols is also impaired. Their non-verbal memory is good; they have no difficulty recognizing doctors and other caregivers and they can follow a simple schedule. They are also emotionally fragile and easily angered or brought to tears.	+	Paul Broca discovered that speech was impaired following damage to the posterior portion of the third convolution of the left frontal lobe(often called Broca's area). Broca's aphasia is known as expressive, nonfluent, or motor aphasia. The degree of speech loss highly correlates to the degree of oral apraxia. Apraxia refers to a difficulty miming or performing learned motor skills on command. Patients severely affected with oral apraxia may be unable to poke their tongue out or whistle on verbal command or in imitation of the examiner. Tan was found at postmortem to have a lesion of the third frontal gyrus. The right hand is often paralyzed because the lesion that causes Broca's aphasia may also encroach on the motor strip for the hand. The major feature of Broca's aphasia is severe nonfluency of speech, which may be extreme to render the patient mute. Speech is often limited to a few stereotyped expressions and expletives. Often the comprehension of numbers and symbols is also impaired. Their non-verbal memory is good; they have no difficulty recognizing doctors and other caregivers and they can follow a simple schedule. They are also emotionally fragile and easily angered or brought to tears.

	[[image:aphasia.gif]]		[[image:aphasia.gif]]

Adipasqua: /* Paul Broca's Patient Tan */

Adipasqua — Wed, 23 Apr 2008 00:17:45 GMT

Paul Broca's Patient Tan

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:17, 23 April 2008
Line 13:		Line 13:
	==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==		==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==

-	Paul Broca's patient was Monsieur LeBorgne. Tan. Tan was only able to say the word "Tan." He is also responsible for the study of Aphasia known as Broca's aphasia. In a patient with Broca's aphasia, words like "in" "and" "but" "above" "about" and "so on" are often omitted. There is also telegraphic speech. There is difficulties in language production (especially of novel utterances). May be able to use well practiced expressions without obvious difficulty and may be able to sing well known songs. Broca's area is located in the left frontal lobe just forward from the primary motor cortex on the posterior surface of the 3rd frontal gyrus, encompassing Brodman's 44 and part of area 6. Non-fluent speech but articulation is good. Speech is often slow, ~~deliberte~~ and ~~effortful~~ and may have only a very simple grammatical structure. When PET is used to examine resting brain function, patients with Broca's aphasia show underactivation in left frontal regions.	+	Paul Broca's patient was Monsieur LeBorgne. Tan. Tan was only able to say the word "Tan." He is also responsible for the study of Aphasia known as Broca's aphasia. In a patient with Broca's aphasia, words like "in" "and" "but" "above" "about" and "so on" are often omitted. There is also telegraphic speech. There are difficulties in language production (especially of novel utterances). May be able to use well practiced expressions without obvious difficulty and may be able to sing well-known songs. Broca's area is located in the left frontal lobe just forward from the primary motor cortex on the posterior surface of the 3rd frontal gyrus, encompassing Brodman's 44 and part of area 6. Non-fluent speech but articulation is good. Speech is often slow, deliberate and requires much effort, and may have only a very simple grammatical structure. When PET is used to examine resting brain function, patients with Broca's aphasia show underactivation in left frontal regions.

	=Broca's Aphasia==		=Broca's Aphasia==

Kmcastino at 21:39, 22 April 2008

Kmcastino — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 21:39:25 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:39, 22 April 2008
Line 5:		Line 5:
	==Life of Paul Broca==		==Life of Paul Broca==

-	Pierre Paul Broca (June 28, 1824 – July 9, 1880) was a French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France.	+	Pierre Paul Broca (June 28, 1824 â�� July 9, 1880) was a French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France.

	Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.		Broca advanced the science of cranial anthropometry by developing many new types of measuring instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices. The uses that reputable scientists, including racist ones, made of Broca's measurements and conclusions have been analyzed by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) and by his biographer, Francis Schiller. Broca's work is also featured in Carl Sagan's book Broca's Brain.

-	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the ~~Societé~~-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from ~~aphémie~~ (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "~~Broca’s~~ convolution- the motor speech area."	+	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the SocietÃ©-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from aphÃ©mie (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Brocaâ��s convolution- the motor speech area."

	==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==		==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==
Line 20:		Line 20:

	[[image:aphasia.gif]]		[[image:aphasia.gif]]
		+
		+
		+	[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2IiMEbMnPM Broca's Aphasia video]

Kmcastino at 21:06, 9 April 2008

Kmcastino — Wed, 09 Apr 2008 21:06:19 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 21:06, 9 April 2008
Line 2:		Line 2:

	[[Image:PaulBroca.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Paul Broca]]		[[Image:PaulBroca.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Paul Broca]]
		+
		+	==Life of Paul Broca==
		+
	Pierre Paul Broca (June 28, 1824 – July 9, 1880) was a French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France.		Pierre Paul Broca (June 28, 1824 – July 9, 1880) was a French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France.

Line 7:		Line 10:

	Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Societé-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from aphémie (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca’s convolution- the motor speech area."		Early on in life in his native France, at the tender age of 17 he started his monumental life as a prosector and he eventually became Secretary of the Societé-Anatomique. As a neurological clinician but also as a researcher, he wrote effusively- well over 500 presentations (none ever considered mediocre). A classic 900 page monograph on aneurysms came forth from his gifted pen and he even experimented with hypnotism on a series of surgical cases. Even with considerably opposition, he helped introduce the microscope in the diagnosis of cancer. But he is best known amongst so many other accomplishments for his contribution to neurology the concept of functional localization by cerebral convolution. And with his aged father looking on with silent admiration in a memorable meeting in 1862 he demonstrated the brain lesion of his first patient who had suffered from aphémie (renamed aphasia later by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867)). From this presentation and from other ongoing observations he concluded that the integrity of the left frontal convolution was responsible and necessary for articular speech (David Ferrier 1843-1928) is responsible for naming this region "Broca’s convolution- the motor speech area."
		+
		+	==Paul Broca's Patient Tan==

	Paul Broca's patient was Monsieur LeBorgne. Tan. Tan was only able to say the word "Tan." He is also responsible for the study of Aphasia known as Broca's aphasia. In a patient with Broca's aphasia, words like "in" "and" "but" "above" "about" and "so on" are often omitted. There is also telegraphic speech. There is difficulties in language production (especially of novel utterances). May be able to use well practiced expressions without obvious difficulty and may be able to sing well known songs. Broca's area is located in the left frontal lobe just forward from the primary motor cortex on the posterior surface of the 3rd frontal gyrus, encompassing Brodman's 44 and part of area 6. Non-fluent speech but articulation is good. Speech is often slow, deliberte and effortful and may have only a very simple grammatical structure. When PET is used to examine resting brain function, patients with Broca's aphasia show underactivation in left frontal regions.		Paul Broca's patient was Monsieur LeBorgne. Tan. Tan was only able to say the word "Tan." He is also responsible for the study of Aphasia known as Broca's aphasia. In a patient with Broca's aphasia, words like "in" "and" "but" "above" "about" and "so on" are often omitted. There is also telegraphic speech. There is difficulties in language production (especially of novel utterances). May be able to use well practiced expressions without obvious difficulty and may be able to sing well known songs. Broca's area is located in the left frontal lobe just forward from the primary motor cortex on the posterior surface of the 3rd frontal gyrus, encompassing Brodman's 44 and part of area 6. Non-fluent speech but articulation is good. Speech is often slow, deliberte and effortful and may have only a very simple grammatical structure. When PET is used to examine resting brain function, patients with Broca's aphasia show underactivation in left frontal regions.
		+
		+	=Broca's Aphasia==

	Paul Broca discovered that speech was impaired following damage to the posterior portion of the third convolution of the left frontal lobe(often called Broca's area). Broca's aphasia is known as expressive, nonfluent, or motor aphasia. The degree of speech loss highly correlates to the degree of oral apraxia. Apraxia refers to a difficulty miming or performing learned motor skills on command. Patients severely affected with oral apraxia may be unable to poke their tongue out or whistle on verbal command or in imitation of the examinar. Tan was found at postmortem to have a lesion of the third frontal gyrus. The right hand is often paralyzed because the lesion that causes Broca's aphasia may also encroach on the motor strip for the hand. The major feature of Broca's aphasia is severe nonfluency of speech, which may be extreme to render the patient mute. Speech is often limited to a few stereotyped expressions and expletives. Often the comprehension of numbers and symbols is also impaired. Their non-verbal memory is good; they have no difficulty recognizing doctors and other caregivers and they can follow a simple schedule. They are also emotionally fragile and easily angered or brought to tears.		Paul Broca discovered that speech was impaired following damage to the posterior portion of the third convolution of the left frontal lobe(often called Broca's area). Broca's aphasia is known as expressive, nonfluent, or motor aphasia. The degree of speech loss highly correlates to the degree of oral apraxia. Apraxia refers to a difficulty miming or performing learned motor skills on command. Patients severely affected with oral apraxia may be unable to poke their tongue out or whistle on verbal command or in imitation of the examinar. Tan was found at postmortem to have a lesion of the third frontal gyrus. The right hand is often paralyzed because the lesion that causes Broca's aphasia may also encroach on the motor strip for the hand. The major feature of Broca's aphasia is severe nonfluency of speech, which may be extreme to render the patient mute. Speech is often limited to a few stereotyped expressions and expletives. Often the comprehension of numbers and symbols is also impaired. Their non-verbal memory is good; they have no difficulty recognizing doctors and other caregivers and they can follow a simple schedule. They are also emotionally fragile and easily angered or brought to tears.

	[[image:aphasia.gif]]		[[image:aphasia.gif]]

Kmcastino at 16:13, 9 April 2008

Kmcastino — Wed, 09 Apr 2008 16:13:04 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 9 April 2008
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	Paul Broca discovered that speech was impaired following damage to the posterior portion of the third convolution of the left frontal lobe(often called Broca's area). Broca's aphasia is known as expressive, nonfluent, or motor aphasia. The degree of speech loss highly correlates to the degree of oral apraxia. Apraxia refers to a difficulty miming or performing learned motor skills on command. Patients severely affected with oral apraxia may be unable to poke their tongue out or whistle on verbal command or in imitation of the examinar. Tan was found at postmortem to have a lesion of the third frontal gyrus. The right hand is often paralyzed because the lesion that causes Broca's aphasia may also encroach on the motor strip for the hand. The major feature of Broca's aphasia is severe nonfluency of speech, which may be extreme to render the patient mute. Speech is often limited to a few stereotyped expressions and expletives. Often the comprehension of numbers and symbols is also impaired. Their non-verbal memory is good; they have no difficulty recognizing doctors and other caregivers and they can follow a simple schedule. They are also emotionally fragile and easily angered or brought to tears.		Paul Broca discovered that speech was impaired following damage to the posterior portion of the third convolution of the left frontal lobe(often called Broca's area). Broca's aphasia is known as expressive, nonfluent, or motor aphasia. The degree of speech loss highly correlates to the degree of oral apraxia. Apraxia refers to a difficulty miming or performing learned motor skills on command. Patients severely affected with oral apraxia may be unable to poke their tongue out or whistle on verbal command or in imitation of the examinar. Tan was found at postmortem to have a lesion of the third frontal gyrus. The right hand is often paralyzed because the lesion that causes Broca's aphasia may also encroach on the motor strip for the hand. The major feature of Broca's aphasia is severe nonfluency of speech, which may be extreme to render the patient mute. Speech is often limited to a few stereotyped expressions and expletives. Often the comprehension of numbers and symbols is also impaired. Their non-verbal memory is good; they have no difficulty recognizing doctors and other caregivers and they can follow a simple schedule. They are also emotionally fragile and easily angered or brought to tears.
		+
		+	[[image:aphasia.gif]]

Admin at 14:24, 9 April 2008

Admin — Wed, 09 Apr 2008 14:24:18 GMT

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	[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]		[[Category:Neuropsychological profiles]]

-	[[Image:PaulBroca.jpg\|thumb\|~~300px~~\|Paul Broca]]	+	[[Image:PaulBroca.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|Paul Broca]]
	Pierre Paul Broca (June 28, 1824 – July 9, 1880) was a French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France.		Pierre Paul Broca (June 28, 1824 – July 9, 1880) was a French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist. He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France.