Kaiserreich - User contributions [en]

Main Page

Admin — Thu, 09 Feb 2017 19:18:27 GMT

Admin:

'''Hello! I'm sorry to say you are in the wrong place, the official Kaiserreich wiki has moved to http://kaiserreich.wikia.com. So go check that out, or maybe even help with moving content over from here!'''

{| width="100%"
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; width:52%;" |
<div style="margin:0; margin-right:10px; border:2px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#f8f8ff;">

<div style="padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em;">
{{MainPageIntro}}
</div>

<div style="text-align:center; padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em; background-color:#ffffff; border:0px solid #dfdfdf; border-width:1px 0px 0px 0px;">
'''[[Special:Allpages|Alphabetical Index]] · [[Special:Categories|Articles by Category]] · [[Help:How_to_add_a_page|How To Add A Page]]'''
</div>
</div>

<div style="margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:2px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em; background-color:#ffffff;">
'''Featured Article''' 
{{Featured Article}}
<div style="text-align:right;">'''[[Template:Featured Article|Admin Use Only]]''' </div>
</div>


| style="vertical-align:top; width:48%;" |
<div style="margin:0; border:2px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em; background-color:#f8f8ff;">
'''News'''
{{News}}
<div style="text-align:right;">'''[[Template:News|Admin Use Only]]''' </div>
</div>

<div style="margin:0; margin-top:10px; border:2px solid #dfdfdf; padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em; background-color:#dfefdf;">
'''Did you know …'''
{{Did you know}}
<div style="text-align:right;">'''[[Special:Newpages|Other new pages]]'''</div>
<div style="text-align:right;">'''[[Template:Did you know|Add Your Own!]]''' </div>
</div>

|- 
|colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin:0; margin-top:8px; padding:0.3em 1em 0.7em 1em; border:2px solid #dfdfdf; background-color:#ffffff;">
{{Important Links}}
</div>
|}

User:Admin

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 19:05:34 GMT

Admin:

Admin.Whoever it may be at this time.

Spain

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 18:54:08 GMT

Admin: Corrected spanish population

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Reino de España''' '''Kingdom of Spain '''
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg/85px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Spain
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Plus Ultra (Further Beyond)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Marcha Real
|-
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Spanish
|-
|'''Capital''' || Madrid
|-
|'''Rey (King)''' || [[Alfonso XIII]]
|-
|'''Prime Minister''' || [[José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones]]
|-
| align=center colspan=2|[[Image:Spain.JPG|300px]]
|-
|'''Establishment (De Facto)'''   - Union of the Crowns of Aragón and Castille
|  1469
|-
|'''Government'''
|Constitutional monarchy
|-
|'''Currency'''
| Peseta
|-
|'''Area'''
|504,030 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
| circa 25,000,000
|-
|}

'''The Kingdom of Spain''' (Official Spanish:''Reino de España'' short English form: ''Spain''; Spanish short form: ''España'') is a country in South West Europe. It borders the [[Commune of France]] to the north east and [[Portugal]] to the west. It also borders [[National France]], [[Germany]] and [[Mittelafrika]] in Africa.

== History ==

The Restoration (1874-1931)

8 July 1920 - General Dámaso Berenguer Fusté, High Commissioner of Spanish Morocco announces his intention to pacify the Jibala living within the Spanish protectorate over northern Morocco, following continued Jibala raids against Spanish outposts. Beginning in early 1921 the Spanish expedition provided no surprises to international observers; with Spanish forces quickly pushing east into Jibala territory.

19 December 1920 - The 1920 Spanish General election is held. As expected the Liberal Conservative Party was able to comfortably win the election, achieving an overall majority following a failure to do so during the preceding 1919 General Election. Sitting Prime Minister Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar is replaced by Eduardo Dato e Iradier.

8 March 1921 - Prime Minister Eduardo Dato e Iradier is assassinated. On 8 March 1921 while being driven from the parliament building and in front of the Puerta de Alcalá, Dato was assassinated by three Catalan anarchists, Lluís Nicolau, Pere Mateu, and Ramon Casanelles, all travelling by motorcycle. The Prime Minister was posthumously created the Duke of Dato by King Alfonso XIII, former Prime Minister Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar is recalled to take office once again.

22 July 1921 - Spanish forces under the command of General Manuel Fernández Silvestre suffers a decisive defeat by Berber forces under the command of Abd el-Krim, numbering roughly 3,000. On the 22nd a Spanish force of 5,000 was ambushed and destroyed by Berber forces, culminating in the death of General Silvestre. What was to follow was a series of further Spanish defeats owing to the failure to establish an effective supply line early in the expedition. By the 9th August total Spanish casualties numbered over 8,000 to less than 800 Berber losses.

18 September 1921 - Abd el-Krim establishes the 'Republic of the Rif' aiming to unify the tribes within the Spanish protectorate. With Spanish forces having completely lost control over the Rif, the Republic was quick to declare total independence from both Spain and the Sultan of Morocco

14 July 1922 - General Dámaso Berenguer Fusté is dismissed as Spanish High Commissioner of Morocco. The General was detained on the 13th following revelations that he was at the heart of a plot to seize control over the government, owing to frustrations caused by the refusal of the government to commit more forces to the War in the Rif. Following his dismissal the General was promptly court martialled, discharged from the armed forces, and imprisoned. General Ricardo Burguete Lana was summary appointed as High Commissioner.

29 April 1923 - The 1923 Spanish General election is held As was expected, it legitimated a prearranged shift of power from the Conservatives to the Liberals, with Conservative Prime Minister Manuel García Prieto being replaced by Liberal Party leader Manuel García Prieto.

13 September 1923 - Growing military discontent culminates in a coup d'état led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera. With continued defeat in Morocco, and growing tensions at home owing anarchist terrorism, and Nationalist unrest; support for the recently formed Liberal Government of Manuel García-Prieto began to quickly decline. Opposition in military circles was particularly fierce, with the Prime Minister refusing to commit any further resources or men to the Rif War.

On 13 September 1923 Captain General of Catalonia, Miguel Primo de Rivera was to rise in revolt and lead a successful march on the state capital, swaying the local garrison to his cause, and seizing control of state institutions. The General was quick to issue his manifesto to the people of Spain; arguing that a "brief parenthesis" must be opened in the constitutional life of Spain, so as to restore order and go wash away the old Spanish system of 'turnismo'.

King Alfonso XIII, resentful of attacks on his person from the Liberal Party and other Republicans in the Cortes was quick to name General Rivera Prime Minister, expressing his support for a new Spanish regime. Martial law was immediately invoked, and a supreme directory headed by Rivera was to begin purging the Spanish bureaucracy, filling it with loyal officers and those sympathetic to the General's coup. In regards to the Rif War; the General was quick to announce further mobilisation of Spanish reserve forces, and to authorise the use of chemical weaponry against forces loyal to the Rif Republic.

13 April 1925 - Germany intervenes on the Spanish side of the Rif War. Following the German annexation of what was previously the French protectorate over Morocco, the German Empire was quick to establish outposts near the border to the Spanish concession, in what at the time was disputed tribal territory.

On the 12 April 1925, an estimated 8,000 men loyal to the Republic of the Rif launched a series of unprovoked assaults on German outposts, the majority of outposts were subsequently abandoned, with German causalities exceeding 1,000 killed. As a result the German Empire was quick to announce their support for and invention on the side of Spain in the Rif War. In the weeks following over 180,000 German troops were deployed to tur front; largely sourced from Germany proper and Mittelafrika. The invention of Germany was to tip the scales in the favour of Spain, leaving the forces of the Rif Republic outnumbered snd fighting on multiple fronts.

9th June 1925 - Spanish forces occupy Gibraltar. On the 9th June 1925 the Comandancia Militar de Andalucía under the direct command of the Prime Minister cross the border into the British held territory of Gibraltar. Despite having lost control of Gibraltar over 200 years ago following the signing of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht reconquest of the Rock has remained on the Spanish agenda ever since, despite the total inability of Spain to challenge the ever going British Empire military. The Declaration of the Union of Britain on the 4th of June was to mark an effective end of British power, leaving the colonial holdings of the Empire alone, unprotected and in disarray. The march on Gibraltar was not a preplanned endeavour, but instead an act of political opportunism by Rivera in an attempt to further secure his regime by playing on Spanish revanchism.

Spanish forces were to meet no military resistance from the unprepared and undermanned British garrison stationed on the Rock. At the same time the Spanish occupation was to meet no real diplomatic resistance, with the United Kingdom defunct and the isolationist Union of Britain laying no claim to the territory it seemed reasonable that the small territory and port would be administered by the nearest local power, and it's former administrator. Although it has been suggested that the German Empire was ready to seize the territory itself - to secure at least partial control over both entrances to the Mediterranean sea - the regime in Berlin was quick to congratulate the Spanish government on their reconquest. With the Spanish economy closely tied to the Berlin stock exchange and the two countries fighting together in Morocco Spain was recognised as a strategic partner by the German Empire, one unlikely to drift toward the enemies of the Empire for both ideological and geopolitical reasons. The last of any British resistance was to trigger an effective land grab over the territories formerly ruled directly from London, with large portions of the former British Empire falling to her old German rival.

27 May 1926 - The Republic of the Rif is formally disestablished following the surrender of Abd el-Krim to Spanish and Germans forces only days earlier. Despite suffering disaster after disaster following German intervention in 1925, el-Krim and his forces continued to offer bitter resistance despite the capture of AlHoceima bay on the 8th May 1925. Despite the surrender of el-Krim's forces, isolated bands of Rif guerrillas would continue to fight on until 1927, with Moroccoan resistance to Spanish rule continuing well on after the fall of the Republic.

30 January 1930 - Miguel Primo de Rivera resigns as Spanish Prime Minister. On the 28th January 1930 Prime Minister Miguel Primo de Rivera confided in his General Staff, demanding to know if he as Prime Minister could still rely on their support, he was met with lukewarm assurances of support at best, and outright denouncements at worst. Having previously lost the support of the King, Rivera made the decision to resign as Prime Minister and tendered his resignation to the King on the 30th. Rivera's downfall was largely triggered by an unprecedented period of economic crisis, the General's regime had been characterised by large-scale public spending, creating one of Europe's most modern automobile networks and in the process many new jobs for unemployed Spaniards. Rivera's policy of deficit spending was to backfire when Spain fell into recession in late 1929. As student protests throughout the country intensified the King was constantly portrayed as comlicit in the General's dictatorship, leading to the King publicly distancing himself from Rivera in an attempt to save the face of the monarchy. The King was to appoint former High Commissioner of Spanish Morocco Dámaso Berenguer Fusté - pardoned following Rivera's coup - as Spain's next Prime Minister. It was hoped that Berenguer would be able to restore a degree of normality to Spain, repealing certain policies enforced by Rivera but at the same time allowing the dictatorship to continue. Aged 60, Don Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquis of Estella, 22nd Count of Sobremonte, Knight of Calatrava died on the 16th March 1930.

14 February 1931 - Dámaso Berenguer Fusté resigns as Spanish Prime Minister. With public opinion turning further and further against the dictatorship and the institution of the Monarchy itself, Berenguer's government to many was seen as nothing more than a sinking ship doomed to sink in time. The killing blow is said to have been inflicted by the meeting of the Pact of San Sebastián on August 17, the meeting involved practically all republican groups and factions in Spain reiterating their support for a Republic and the abolition of the monarchy. Created at the meeting was the "revolutionary committee", a proposed government for a Spanish Republic in the event the monarchy was overthrown by force. In close contact with Republican generals, the committee prepared for a coup attempt on the 15th of December, however Captain Fermín Galán Rodríguez of the Jaca garrison attempted to rise on the 12th two days early, leading to the failure of the coup and the arrest of multiple leading republicans, as well as the execution of the Captain himself. The King was to appoint Admiral Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas as Prime Minister in response.

The Second Spanish Republic (1931-1932)

14 April 1931 - The Second Spanish Republic is proclaimed. The 12 April 1931 municipal elections were to lead to a landslide republican victories across the country, with republican majorities occuring in 41 regional capitals, compared to only 9 capitals returning monarchist majorities. Republican protestors were quick to take to the streets following the announcement of the results, completely occupying the streets of cities including the capital Madrid.

The final action of King Alfonso XIII in his capacity as King of Spain was to ask José Sanjurjo Sacanell, Inspector General of the Guardia Civil whether his forces could be relied on to defend the monarchy against a popular uprising, General Sanjurjo was unable to give any such assurances. The King was to flee the country two days later on the 14th. Following his fight a new provisional government was established consisting of the membership of the revolutionary committee established by the Pact of San Sebastián, the first act of the new government was to be the abolition of the monarchy, and the declaration of the second Spanish Republic.

12 May 1931 - Manuel Azaña Díaz the newly appointed Minister for War announces a series of military reforms to be undertaken by the Republic. In 1931 the Spanish army consisted of 15 divisions that could be effectively managed by 80 generals, however the Spanish officer corps was notoriously bloated consisting of 800 Generals, with 21,000 officers for 118,000 men. The Azaña reforms would aim to increase parliamentary oversight over the military - curbing it's historical independence, as well as drastically reducing the size of the officer corps. The reforms were overwhelming negatively received by the Spanish military elite, a particularly impassioned criticism from General José Sanjurjo Sacanell was to see him demoted from Inspector General of the Guardia Civil, and instead reassigned as Captain General of Sevilla, other generals such as Emilio Barrera Luyando were to resign following the declaration of the Republic.

28 June 1931 - The first general election of the Spanish Republic is held. The elections result in a landslide victory for the Republican Left coalition in partnership with the Marxist left. As a result Manuel Azaña Díaz of Republican Action is appointed Prime Minister, with acting Prime Minister Niceto Alcalá-Zamora appointed President of the Republic.

The Second Restoration (1932-)

10 August 1932 - General José Sanjurjo Sacanell and a group of generals lead a successful d'état overthowing the legitimate government of the Spanish Republic. Immediately following the institution of the Azaña military reforms the seed of the 1932 coup was sown, with General Sanjurjo and former Justice Minister Manuel de Burgos y Mazo organising a series of meetings for those dissatisfied with the present course of Spanish politics. Those counted among the ranks of the conspirators included current Chief of General Staff, Manuel Goded Llopis, serving general José Enrique Varela and Luis Miguel Limia Ponte, as well as a handful of other faces. Overall command of the coup was handed to Generate Sanjurjo Sanjurjo, whilst Generals Goded and Barrera would orchestrate the Madrid rising.

General Sanjurjo's early decision that the monarchy would be restored was a decision both political, and personal. Although a sizable number of those involved in the conspiracy were self proclaimed Republicans including Chief of Staff Goded, the majority of those involved including General Barrera were traditional monarchists, the Republican Generals eventually relented and accepted that a restoration would be the most effective way to secure a degree of popular support for the new reigme. By declaring support for the monarchy the conspirators would be able to secure the support of the businessman and monarchist exile Juan Alberto March Ordinas, eager to regain his political clout lost following the declaration of the Republic. It has been the suggested that the German Empire was complicit in the coup - through the offering of supplies to Ordinas - in an attempt to place a more friendly regime in control of the Strait of Gibraltar, though no concrete evidence exists it is likely that the Empire was at least aware of the conspiracy brewing in Spain.

The moment of rebellion was set at 4 AM, August 10, 1932. As the clock struck, General Barrera and a loyal tercio of the Guardia Civil quickly seized control of the Palacio de Comunicaciones, overpowering the small garrison stationed there, and convincing much of the Guardia Civil stationed there to join their cause with a rousing speech. Almost simultaneously Goded and the 4 regiments loyal to the conspirators in Madrid began to move on key government offices including the the Ministry of War and the two houses of the Cortes Generales.

By 5am Prime Minister Manuel Azaña Díaz was made aware of an ongoing attempt to oust his government, and to possibly overthrow the Republic. If the revolt had been limited to Madrid as it appeared to be it is likely that it would have quickly fallen apart, however unbeknownst to the Azaña government; the next series of risings were already being prepared. At 9am a series of pass revolts occurred throughout Andalusia, while the forces of General Sanjurjo quickly seized the state capital of Sevilla, divisions under the commands of Gonzalo Queipo de Llano and José Enrique Varela. As the Republic hung in the balance, the final stab in the back game from the Army of Africa under the command of General Francisco Franco Bahamonde, previously regarded as wildcard; General Franco publically declared for Sanjurjo and the rising at 12am, putting the most modern and well armed military force in Spain on the side of the plotters. Following the Army of Africa's declaration, Azaña's goverment effectively admitted defeat, the constitution was promptly suspended, martial law declared, and General Sanjurjo sworn in as acting President, with Barrera as Prime Minister, as quickly as the first; the Second Spanish Republic was abolished and the Kingdom restored once more. Alfonso XIII would return to Spain on the 15th August 1932 to reclaim his throne as King of Spain.

== Politics ==
Spain is ruled by a coalition of right-wing forces that supported king Alfonso's coup. However, he is not regarded as the true king by the [[Carlism|Carlist movement]] which has been gaining support of some workers movements and of the very religious rural population. The Anarcho-Syndicalist alliance named [[CNT-FAI|C.N.T.-F.A.I.]] has polarized the left end of the political spectrum and has been repressed by the current administration. They have the support of most workers unions and have their 'revolutionary HQs' mainly based in urban areas.

[[Image:Spacab.JPG]]

'''King of Spain''': H.R.H. [[Alfonso XIII]]

'''Presidents of the Council of Ministers''': [[José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones]]

'''Minister for Foreign Affairs''': Francisco de Asís Serrat y Bonastre

'''Minister of Economy and Finance''': Gérman Gil y Yuste

'''Minister of the Interior''': Miguel Ponte Mansó de Zúñiga

'''Head of Intelligence''': José Ungría Jiménez

'''Minister of Defence''': Fidel Dávila Arrondo

'''Captain General of the Spanish Army''': José Sanjurjo Sacanell

'''Minister of the Navy''': Francisco Moreno Fernández

'''Captain General of the Spanish Air Force''': Ramón Franco Bahamonde

== Military ==
The Spanish Armed Forces (''Fuerzas Armadas Españolas'') comprise many divisions, ships and aeroplanes. However, they are not completely loyal as some of their men have sympathies for the [[CNT-FAI|Anarco-Syndicalist movement]] and others even for the [[Carlism|Carlist movement]].
=== Army ===
The Spanish Army (''Ejército de Tierra'') comprise nineteen infantry division (with various brigades attached), with approximately a third of them protecting the border with the [[Commune of France]]. It also includes a specialized mountain infantry division, an old cavalry division and various colonial militias. There is even an incomplete armored division (''Brigada Blindada''), with some outdated light tanks from the last years of the [[Weltkrieg]].
=== Navy ===
The ''Armada Española'' consists of two battleships, two heavy cruisers, five light cruisers, four destroyers, two submarines and four transport flotilla. However, some naval units are clearly outdated or in bad fighting shape.
=== Air Force ===
The ''Ejército del Aire'' consist of three interceptors, three tactical bombers and even two strategic bombers.

== Foreign Relations ==
Very friendly relations with [[Portugal]] and [[Austria]].

Friendly relations with [[Italian Federation]], [[Germany]], [[Canada]] and [[National France]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Commune of France]].

== Colonial empire ==
Spanish colonial possession in Africa: Spanish Protectorate of Morocco and Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea (also known as Spanish Guinea).

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Spain

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 18:51:12 GMT

Admin: /* History */ Updated lore

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Reino de España''' '''Kingdom of Spain '''
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg/85px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Spain
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Plus Ultra (Further Beyond)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Marcha Real
|-
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Spanish
|-
|'''Capital''' || Madrid
|-
|'''Rey (King)''' || [[Alfonso XIII]]
|-
|'''Prime Minister''' || [[José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones]]
|-
| align=center colspan=2|[[Image:Spain.JPG|300px]]
|-
|'''Establishment (De Facto)'''   - Union of the Crowns of Aragón and Castille
|  1469
|-
|'''Government'''
|Constitutional monarchy
|-
|'''Currency'''
| Peseta
|-
|'''Area'''
|504,030 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
| circa 35,200,737
|-
|}

'''The Kingdom of Spain''' (Official Spanish:''Reino de España'' short English form: ''Spain''; Spanish short form: ''España'') is a country in South West Europe. It borders the [[Commune of France]] to the north east and [[Portugal]] to the west. It also borders [[National France]], [[Germany]] and [[Mittelafrika]] in Africa.

== History ==

The Restoration (1874-1931)

8 July 1920 - General Dámaso Berenguer Fusté, High Commissioner of Spanish Morocco announces his intention to pacify the Jibala living within the Spanish protectorate over northern Morocco, following continued Jibala raids against Spanish outposts. Beginning in early 1921 the Spanish expedition provided no surprises to international observers; with Spanish forces quickly pushing east into Jibala territory.

19 December 1920 - The 1920 Spanish General election is held. As expected the Liberal Conservative Party was able to comfortably win the election, achieving an overall majority following a failure to do so during the preceding 1919 General Election. Sitting Prime Minister Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar is replaced by Eduardo Dato e Iradier.

8 March 1921 - Prime Minister Eduardo Dato e Iradier is assassinated. On 8 March 1921 while being driven from the parliament building and in front of the Puerta de Alcalá, Dato was assassinated by three Catalan anarchists, Lluís Nicolau, Pere Mateu, and Ramon Casanelles, all travelling by motorcycle. The Prime Minister was posthumously created the Duke of Dato by King Alfonso XIII, former Prime Minister Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar is recalled to take office once again.

22 July 1921 - Spanish forces under the command of General Manuel Fernández Silvestre suffers a decisive defeat by Berber forces under the command of Abd el-Krim, numbering roughly 3,000. On the 22nd a Spanish force of 5,000 was ambushed and destroyed by Berber forces, culminating in the death of General Silvestre. What was to follow was a series of further Spanish defeats owing to the failure to establish an effective supply line early in the expedition. By the 9th August total Spanish casualties numbered over 8,000 to less than 800 Berber losses.

18 September 1921 - Abd el-Krim establishes the 'Republic of the Rif' aiming to unify the tribes within the Spanish protectorate. With Spanish forces having completely lost control over the Rif, the Republic was quick to declare total independence from both Spain and the Sultan of Morocco

14 July 1922 - General Dámaso Berenguer Fusté is dismissed as Spanish High Commissioner of Morocco. The General was detained on the 13th following revelations that he was at the heart of a plot to seize control over the government, owing to frustrations caused by the refusal of the government to commit more forces to the War in the Rif. Following his dismissal the General was promptly court martialled, discharged from the armed forces, and imprisoned. General Ricardo Burguete Lana was summary appointed as High Commissioner.

29 April 1923 - The 1923 Spanish General election is held As was expected, it legitimated a prearranged shift of power from the Conservatives to the Liberals, with Conservative Prime Minister Manuel García Prieto being replaced by Liberal Party leader Manuel García Prieto.

13 September 1923 - Growing military discontent culminates in a coup d'état led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera. With continued defeat in Morocco, and growing tensions at home owing anarchist terrorism, and Nationalist unrest; support for the recently formed Liberal Government of Manuel García-Prieto began to quickly decline. Opposition in military circles was particularly fierce, with the Prime Minister refusing to commit any further resources or men to the Rif War.

On 13 September 1923 Captain General of Catalonia, Miguel Primo de Rivera was to rise in revolt and lead a successful march on the state capital, swaying the local garrison to his cause, and seizing control of state institutions. The General was quick to issue his manifesto to the people of Spain; arguing that a "brief parenthesis" must be opened in the constitutional life of Spain, so as to restore order and go wash away the old Spanish system of 'turnismo'.

King Alfonso XIII, resentful of attacks on his person from the Liberal Party and other Republicans in the Cortes was quick to name General Rivera Prime Minister, expressing his support for a new Spanish regime. Martial law was immediately invoked, and a supreme directory headed by Rivera was to begin purging the Spanish bureaucracy, filling it with loyal officers and those sympathetic to the General's coup. In regards to the Rif War; the General was quick to announce further mobilisation of Spanish reserve forces, and to authorise the use of chemical weaponry against forces loyal to the Rif Republic.

13 April 1925 - Germany intervenes on the Spanish side of the Rif War. Following the German annexation of what was previously the French protectorate over Morocco, the German Empire was quick to establish outposts near the border to the Spanish concession, in what at the time was disputed tribal territory.

On the 12 April 1925, an estimated 8,000 men loyal to the Republic of the Rif launched a series of unprovoked assaults on German outposts, the majority of outposts were subsequently abandoned, with German causalities exceeding 1,000 killed. As a result the German Empire was quick to announce their support for and invention on the side of Spain in the Rif War. In the weeks following over 180,000 German troops were deployed to tur front; largely sourced from Germany proper and Mittelafrika. The invention of Germany was to tip the scales in the favour of Spain, leaving the forces of the Rif Republic outnumbered snd fighting on multiple fronts.

9th June 1925 - Spanish forces occupy Gibraltar. On the 9th June 1925 the Comandancia Militar de Andalucía under the direct command of the Prime Minister cross the border into the British held territory of Gibraltar. Despite having lost control of Gibraltar over 200 years ago following the signing of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht reconquest of the Rock has remained on the Spanish agenda ever since, despite the total inability of Spain to challenge the ever going British Empire military. The Declaration of the Union of Britain on the 4th of June was to mark an effective end of British power, leaving the colonial holdings of the Empire alone, unprotected and in disarray. The march on Gibraltar was not a preplanned endeavour, but instead an act of political opportunism by Rivera in an attempt to further secure his regime by playing on Spanish revanchism.

Spanish forces were to meet no military resistance from the unprepared and undermanned British garrison stationed on the Rock. At the same time the Spanish occupation was to meet no real diplomatic resistance, with the United Kingdom defunct and the isolationist Union of Britain laying no claim to the territory it seemed reasonable that the small territory and port would be administered by the nearest local power, and it's former administrator. Although it has been suggested that the German Empire was ready to seize the territory itself - to secure at least partial control over both entrances to the Mediterranean sea - the regime in Berlin was quick to congratulate the Spanish government on their reconquest. With the Spanish economy closely tied to the Berlin stock exchange and the two countries fighting together in Morocco Spain was recognised as a strategic partner by the German Empire, one unlikely to drift toward the enemies of the Empire for both ideological and geopolitical reasons. The last of any British resistance was to trigger an effective land grab over the territories formerly ruled directly from London, with large portions of the former British Empire falling to her old German rival.

27 May 1926 - The Republic of the Rif is formally disestablished following the surrender of Abd el-Krim to Spanish and Germans forces only days earlier. Despite suffering disaster after disaster following German intervention in 1925, el-Krim and his forces continued to offer bitter resistance despite the capture of AlHoceima bay on the 8th May 1925. Despite the surrender of el-Krim's forces, isolated bands of Rif guerrillas would continue to fight on until 1927, with Moroccoan resistance to Spanish rule continuing well on after the fall of the Republic.

30 January 1930 - Miguel Primo de Rivera resigns as Spanish Prime Minister. On the 28th January 1930 Prime Minister Miguel Primo de Rivera confided in his General Staff, demanding to know if he as Prime Minister could still rely on their support, he was met with lukewarm assurances of support at best, and outright denouncements at worst. Having previously lost the support of the King, Rivera made the decision to resign as Prime Minister and tendered his resignation to the King on the 30th. Rivera's downfall was largely triggered by an unprecedented period of economic crisis, the General's regime had been characterised by large-scale public spending, creating one of Europe's most modern automobile networks and in the process many new jobs for unemployed Spaniards. Rivera's policy of deficit spending was to backfire when Spain fell into recession in late 1929. As student protests throughout the country intensified the King was constantly portrayed as comlicit in the General's dictatorship, leading to the King publicly distancing himself from Rivera in an attempt to save the face of the monarchy. The King was to appoint former High Commissioner of Spanish Morocco Dámaso Berenguer Fusté - pardoned following Rivera's coup - as Spain's next Prime Minister. It was hoped that Berenguer would be able to restore a degree of normality to Spain, repealing certain policies enforced by Rivera but at the same time allowing the dictatorship to continue. Aged 60, Don Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquis of Estella, 22nd Count of Sobremonte, Knight of Calatrava died on the 16th March 1930.

14 February 1931 - Dámaso Berenguer Fusté resigns as Spanish Prime Minister. With public opinion turning further and further against the dictatorship and the institution of the Monarchy itself, Berenguer's government to many was seen as nothing more than a sinking ship doomed to sink in time. The killing blow is said to have been inflicted by the meeting of the Pact of San Sebastián on August 17, the meeting involved practically all republican groups and factions in Spain reiterating their support for a Republic and the abolition of the monarchy. Created at the meeting was the "revolutionary committee", a proposed government for a Spanish Republic in the event the monarchy was overthrown by force. In close contact with Republican generals, the committee prepared for a coup attempt on the 15th of December, however Captain Fermín Galán Rodríguez of the Jaca garrison attempted to rise on the 12th two days early, leading to the failure of the coup and the arrest of multiple leading republicans, as well as the execution of the Captain himself. The King was to appoint Admiral Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas as Prime Minister in response.

The Second Spanish Republic (1931-1932)

14 April 1931 - The Second Spanish Republic is proclaimed. The 12 April 1931 municipal elections were to lead to a landslide republican victories across the country, with republican majorities occuring in 41 regional capitals, compared to only 9 capitals returning monarchist majorities. Republican protestors were quick to take to the streets following the announcement of the results, completely occupying the streets of cities including the capital Madrid.

The final action of King Alfonso XIII in his capacity as King of Spain was to ask José Sanjurjo Sacanell, Inspector General of the Guardia Civil whether his forces could be relied on to defend the monarchy against a popular uprising, General Sanjurjo was unable to give any such assurances. The King was to flee the country two days later on the 14th. Following his fight a new provisional government was established consisting of the membership of the revolutionary committee established by the Pact of San Sebastián, the first act of the new government was to be the abolition of the monarchy, and the declaration of the second Spanish Republic.

12 May 1931 - Manuel Azaña Díaz the newly appointed Minister for War announces a series of military reforms to be undertaken by the Republic. In 1931 the Spanish army consisted of 15 divisions that could be effectively managed by 80 generals, however the Spanish officer corps was notoriously bloated consisting of 800 Generals, with 21,000 officers for 118,000 men. The Azaña reforms would aim to increase parliamentary oversight over the military - curbing it's historical independence, as well as drastically reducing the size of the officer corps. The reforms were overwhelming negatively received by the Spanish military elite, a particularly impassioned criticism from General José Sanjurjo Sacanell was to see him demoted from Inspector General of the Guardia Civil, and instead reassigned as Captain General of Sevilla, other generals such as Emilio Barrera Luyando were to resign following the declaration of the Republic.

28 June 1931 - The first general election of the Spanish Republic is held. The elections result in a landslide victory for the Republican Left coalition in partnership with the Marxist left. As a result Manuel Azaña Díaz of Republican Action is appointed Prime Minister, with acting Prime Minister Niceto Alcalá-Zamora appointed President of the Republic.

The Second Restoration (1932-)

10 August 1932 - General José Sanjurjo Sacanell and a group of generals lead a successful d'état overthowing the legitimate government of the Spanish Republic. Immediately following the institution of the Azaña military reforms the seed of the 1932 coup was sown, with General Sanjurjo and former Justice Minister Manuel de Burgos y Mazo organising a series of meetings for those dissatisfied with the present course of Spanish politics. Those counted among the ranks of the conspirators included current Chief of General Staff, Manuel Goded Llopis, serving general José Enrique Varela and Luis Miguel Limia Ponte, as well as a handful of other faces. Overall command of the coup was handed to Generate Sanjurjo Sanjurjo, whilst Generals Goded and Barrera would orchestrate the Madrid rising.

General Sanjurjo's early decision that the monarchy would be restored was a decision both political, and personal. Although a sizable number of those involved in the conspiracy were self proclaimed Republicans including Chief of Staff Goded, the majority of those involved including General Barrera were traditional monarchists, the Republican Generals eventually relented and accepted that a restoration would be the most effective way to secure a degree of popular support for the new reigme. By declaring support for the monarchy the conspirators would be able to secure the support of the businessman and monarchist exile Juan Alberto March Ordinas, eager to regain his political clout lost following the declaration of the Republic. It has been the suggested that the German Empire was complicit in the coup - through the offering of supplies to Ordinas - in an attempt to place a more friendly regime in control of the Strait of Gibraltar, though no concrete evidence exists it is likely that the Empire was at least aware of the conspiracy brewing in Spain.

The moment of rebellion was set at 4 AM, August 10, 1932. As the clock struck, General Barrera and a loyal tercio of the Guardia Civil quickly seized control of the Palacio de Comunicaciones, overpowering the small garrison stationed there, and convincing much of the Guardia Civil stationed there to join their cause with a rousing speech. Almost simultaneously Goded and the 4 regiments loyal to the conspirators in Madrid began to move on key government offices including the the Ministry of War and the two houses of the Cortes Generales.

By 5am Prime Minister Manuel Azaña Díaz was made aware of an ongoing attempt to oust his government, and to possibly overthrow the Republic. If the revolt had been limited to Madrid as it appeared to be it is likely that it would have quickly fallen apart, however unbeknownst to the Azaña government; the next series of risings were already being prepared. At 9am a series of pass revolts occurred throughout Andalusia, while the forces of General Sanjurjo quickly seized the state capital of Sevilla, divisions under the commands of Gonzalo Queipo de Llano and José Enrique Varela. As the Republic hung in the balance, the final stab in the back game from the Army of Africa under the command of General Francisco Franco Bahamonde, previously regarded as wildcard; General Franco publically declared for Sanjurjo and the rising at 12am, putting the most modern and well armed military force in Spain on the side of the plotters. Following the Army of Africa's declaration, Azaña's goverment effectively admitted defeat, the constitution was promptly suspended, martial law declared, and General Sanjurjo sworn in as acting President, with Barrera as Prime Minister, as quickly as the first; the Second Spanish Republic was abolished and the Kingdom restored once more. Alfonso XIII would return to Spain on the 15th August 1932 to reclaim his throne as King of Spain.

== Politics ==
Spain is ruled by a coalition of right-wing forces that supported king Alfonso's coup. However, he is not regarded as the true king by the [[Carlism|Carlist movement]] which has been gaining support of some workers movements and of the very religious rural population. The Anarcho-Syndicalist alliance named [[CNT-FAI|C.N.T.-F.A.I.]] has polarized the left end of the political spectrum and has been repressed by the current administration. They have the support of most workers unions and have their 'revolutionary HQs' mainly based in urban areas.

[[Image:Spacab.JPG]]

'''King of Spain''': H.R.H. [[Alfonso XIII]]

'''Presidents of the Council of Ministers''': [[José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones]]

'''Minister for Foreign Affairs''': Francisco de Asís Serrat y Bonastre

'''Minister of Economy and Finance''': Gérman Gil y Yuste

'''Minister of the Interior''': Miguel Ponte Mansó de Zúñiga

'''Head of Intelligence''': José Ungría Jiménez

'''Minister of Defence''': Fidel Dávila Arrondo

'''Captain General of the Spanish Army''': José Sanjurjo Sacanell

'''Minister of the Navy''': Francisco Moreno Fernández

'''Captain General of the Spanish Air Force''': Ramón Franco Bahamonde

== Military ==
The Spanish Armed Forces (''Fuerzas Armadas Españolas'') comprise many divisions, ships and aeroplanes. However, they are not completely loyal as some of their men have sympathies for the [[CNT-FAI|Anarco-Syndicalist movement]] and others even for the [[Carlism|Carlist movement]].
=== Army ===
The Spanish Army (''Ejército de Tierra'') comprise nineteen infantry division (with various brigades attached), with approximately a third of them protecting the border with the [[Commune of France]]. It also includes a specialized mountain infantry division, an old cavalry division and various colonial militias. There is even an incomplete armored division (''Brigada Blindada''), with some outdated light tanks from the last years of the [[Weltkrieg]].
=== Navy ===
The ''Armada Española'' consists of two battleships, two heavy cruisers, five light cruisers, four destroyers, two submarines and four transport flotilla. However, some naval units are clearly outdated or in bad fighting shape.
=== Air Force ===
The ''Ejército del Aire'' consist of three interceptors, three tactical bombers and even two strategic bombers.

== Foreign Relations ==
Very friendly relations with [[Portugal]] and [[Austria]].

Friendly relations with [[Italian Federation]], [[Germany]], [[Canada]] and [[National France]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Commune of France]].

== Colonial empire ==
Spanish colonial possession in Africa: Spanish Protectorate of Morocco and Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea (also known as Spanish Guinea).

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Template:MainPageIntro

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 18:49:24 GMT

Admin: removed admin line

Hi and Welcome to Kaiserreich Wiki, also known as Kaiserpedia. Kaiserreich is a global [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOI2 Hoi2], Darkest Hour and Hoi4 mod that builds an alternate history on a Central Powers WWI victory.

PS: Remember that this site is under construction and will get better with time.

Template:MainPageIntro

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:25:37 GMT

Admin:

Template:News

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:22:25 GMT

Admin:

Kaiserreich DH 1.8 is released!

Kaiserreich HOI4 0.1 is released!

[[List of countries]] created.

[[List of heads of state and government]] created.

[[Political Ideologies|List of Political Ideologies]] created.

United States

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:19:37 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Armistice

Lithuania

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:19:35 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by AC

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Lietuvos Karalystė''' '''Königreich Litauen''' '''Kingdom of Lithuania'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_Lithuania_%28state%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Lithuania_%28state%29.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coat_of_Arms_of_Lithuania.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Lithuania
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Tautos jėga vienybėje (The strength of the nation lies in unity)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Tautiška giesmė
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:litplac.jpg|300px]]
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || German
|-
|'''Capital''' || Wilnius
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Mindaugas III]] von Urach
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Juonas Ambrazevicius]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|   March 3, 1918
|-
|'''Government'''
|Parliamentary monarchy
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Papiermark
|-
|'''Area'''
|Approx 80 000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 3 millions
|-
|}

'''Lithuania''' (Lithuanian: ''Lietuva'') is one of the two Baltic countries in Europe; however, it does not have sea access. It is bordered by [[Germany]] to the west, the [[United Baltic Duchy]] to the north, [[White Ruthenia]] to the east and [[Poland]] to the south.

== History ==
Following the Third Partition of [[Poland]] in 1795, Lithuania was split between the Russian Empire and Prussia, [[Russia]] getting most of the territory. After Napoleon's campaign in Russia ended in disaster, Tsar Nicholas I began an intensive program of Russification. The Lithuanians and Poles revolted twice, in 1831 and 1863, but both attempts failed. In 1864 the Lithuanian language and the Latin alphabet were banned in junior schools. Lithuanians resisted the Russification by arranging printing abroad and smuggling the books in. The national revival started among poor people in the late years of Russian occupation, then continued with the wealthy, beginning with the release of Lithuanian newspapers, Ausra and Varpas, then with the writing of poems and books in Lithuanian. These writings glorified the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, depicting the nation with power and many heroes.

This revival spearheaded the independence movement, with various organizations opposing Russian influence. Russian policy became harsher in response and there are known to have been strikes against Catholic churches, while a ban of the Lithuanian press still continued. Despite Russian attempts to integrate Lithuania by the end of the 19th century Lithuania had developed a growing nationalist movement. During the Russia-wide revolutionary upsurge of 1905 a congress of Lithuanian representatives in Vilnius on 5 December 1905 demanded provincial autonomy.

During the [[Weltkrieg]] Lithuania's occupation by [[Germany]] and the subsequent collapse of the Russian imperial government led to the proclamation of an independent republic on February 16, 1918 under German control, and full independence in November 1918. On the 11th of July 1918, King [[Mindaugas II]] (born as HSH Prince Wilhelm Karl Florestan Gero Crescentius of Urach, Count of Württemberg) was elected King of Lithuania and subsequently crowned in a grand ceremony in Vilnus in January 1920. Lithuania Minor was kept under German control, and the border settled between the [[United Baltic Duchy|German Baltic state]] and Lithuania meant that that the latter would be deprived of any sea access. Mindaugas II was succeeded following his death on the 24th of March 1928 by his son, crowned [[Mindaugas III]].

== Politics ==
'''King of Lithuania''': J.K.D. [[Mindaugas III]] von Urach

'''Prime Minister''': [[Juonas Ambrazevicius]]

'''Foreign Minister''': Oskaras Milosas

'''Armament Minister''': Valdemaras Vytautas-Carneckis

'''Minister of Security ''': Antanas Smetona

'''Head of Military Intelligence''': Dovas Zaunius

'''Chief of Staff''': Jonas Galvydis-Bykauskas

'''Chief of Army''': Stasys Rastikis

'''Chief of Navy''': Garnis Dirmantas

'''Chief of Air Force''': Antanas Gustaitis

== Military ==
The Lithuanian army comprise five infantry divisions, but is heavily reliant on the German system. The Lithuanian Air Force consist of a single squadron of interceptors.

== Foreign Relations ==
Lithuania is part of the [[Mitteleuropa]] military and economic alliance.

Very good relations with [[Germany]] and other countries in Mitteleuropa.

Friendly relations with [[Poland]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Mitteleuropa]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

La Plata

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:19:34 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Area11

Austria

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:19:33 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Matej von Jakubčo

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Kaisertum Österreich''' '''Austrian Empire'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png/85px-Wappen_Kaisertum_%C3%96sterreich_1815_%28Klein%29.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of the Austrian Empire

|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''A.E.I.O.U.''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' [[Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser]]
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i231.photobucket.com/albums/ee48/Cornichouille/Kaiserpedia/Austria-MAP-1.png
 
|-

| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
|}
|-
|-
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || German
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Vienna]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Otto I|Otto I von Habsburg]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Proclaimation of the Austrian Empire
|   1804
|-
|1867 Augsleich
|May 29, 1867
|-
|-
|'''Government'''
|Parliamentary monarchy, full constituent state of [[Austria-Hungary]]
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Austro-Hungarian krone
|-
|'''Area'''
|Approx. 135 000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 12 millions
|-
|}

'''Austria''' is a primary constituent of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] Dual Monarchy. It borders [[Germany]] in the north, [[Italian Federation]] in the south and [[Switzerland]] in the west. Within the dual monarchy, the areas of [[Bohemia]], [[Hungary]] and [[Croatia]] also border Austria.

== History ==
Although Austria was on the winning side of the [[Weltkrieg]], the war’s main impact was to reveal the Empire’s significant weaknesses and utter dependence upon [[Germany]]. Over the course of the 1920s one disaster followed another: Emperor Karl died in 1922 causing the throne to pass to his 10 year old son Otto; Austrian industry collapsed in face of competition from German manufactures; and the quarrels of the Czechs and ethnic Germans in [[Bohemia]] nearly pushed the Empire into civil war. Finally, the humiliation of having to call in German mediation to resolve the deadlock of the [[Ausgleich#1927 Ausgleich|Ausgleich negotiations in 1927]], which resulted in the concession of autonomy statutes given to [[Bohemia]] and [[Galicia]], seemed to signal the end of Austria as a Great Power.

However, many feel that there is new hope for the Osterreich - now that the Emperor [[Otto I]] has come of age and the terms of the [[Ausgleich|‘Great Compromise’]] are to be renegotiated at the 1937 Ausgleich next year. Could this be the time for Austria to throw off her shackles of dependence on Germany and reassert the power of the Habsburg dynasty over her Empire?

==Politics==

{{image|http://i231.photobucket.com/albums/ee48/Cornichouille/Kaiserpedia/Austriacabinet.png|left|COF|The Austrian regional government}}

'''Emperor of Austria:''' His Imperial Highness [[Otto I]] von Habsburg (born 20 November 1912)

'''Minister-President and Minister for Finance''' [[Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein]] (born 5 September 1861)

'''Minister for Foreign Affairs:''' [[Alfred Rappaport von Arbengau]] (born 16 June 1868)

'''Minister of the Interior:''' W. Ehrenburg von Loetitz

'''Director of the Imperial Military Intelligence:''' [[Alois Schönburg-Hartenstein]] (born 21 November 1858)

'''Chief of General Staff of the Imperial and Royal Army:''' [[Eugen von Habsburg-Lothringen]] (born 21 May 1863)

'''Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian Landwehr:''' [[Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli]] (born 12 February 1856)

'''Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian branch of the Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine :''' [[Ignaz Seipel]] (born 19 July 1876)

'''Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian branch of the Kaiserliche und Königliche Luftfahrtruppen:''' [[Godwin Brumowski]] (born 26 July 1889)

== Military ==
===Army ===
The cisleithanian part of the [[Austria-Hungary#Army|Austro-Hungarian Army]] are the I''mperial/Royal Austrian Landwehr'' regiments (German: "kaiserlich/königlich" or k.k., which stands for Imperial Austrian / Royal Bohemian). They consist of fifteen infantry divisions, two specialized mountain divisions and one outdated cavalry division.

===Navy ===
The [[Austria-Hungary#Navy|Austro-Hungarian Navy]] is almost completely composed of Austrian units. However, despite its growth since the reconquest of Venice in the Weltkrieg, it is considered outdated and underdeveloped when compared to the navies of the other Great Powers. Sea power has never been a priority in the Austrian foreign policy, and the navy itself is relatively little known and supported by the public. Activities such as open days and naval clubs have been unable to change the sentiment that the navy is just something "expensive but far away". Another point is that naval expenditures are for most of the time overseen by the Austrian War Ministry which is largely controlled by the army. Currently, the Austrian Navy comprise six battleships, one heavy cruiser, six light cruisers, sixteen destroyers and ten submarines.

===Air Force===
As for the Navy, even the [[Austria-Hungary#Air Force|Austro-Hungarian Air Forces]] are almost completely composed of Austrian units. The Austrian Air Force comprise two squadron of interceptors and two of naval bombers, for the support of the Navy. However, none of them is at full strength and there are no plans for an expansion in the future, as the Air Force is not considered a priority.

== Foreign relations ==
Very good relations with [[Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Bosnia]], [[Bohemia]], [[Galicia-Lodomiera]], [[Croatia]], [[Italian Federation]] and [[Spain|Kingdom of Spain]].

Friendly relations with [[Bulgaria]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Netherlands]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Romania]] and [[Serbia]].

== Culture ==

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Austro-Hungarian-related topics]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Bulgaria

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:19:03 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Kiridan

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Tsarstvo Bulgaria''' '''Kingdom of Bulgaria'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/125px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281927-1946%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281927-1946%29.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Bulgaria
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Union Makes Strength''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Shumi Maritsa
|-
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
| [[Image:Bulgaria.JPG|300px]]
 The Bulgarian Empire
|}
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Bulgarian
|-
|'''Capital''' || Sofia
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Boris III]] von Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Bogdan Filov]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Medieval kingdom
|   681
|-
|  - Re-establishment (under nominal Ottoman suzerainty)
|   1878
|-
|  - Full sovereignty
|   1908
|-
|'''Government'''
|Parliamentary monarchy
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Bulgarian Lev
|-
|'''Area'''
|Approx. 160 000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 8.5 millions
|-
|}

'''Bulgaria''' is a country in Southeast Europe. It borders [[Hungary]] and [[Romania]] to the north, the Black Sea to the east, The [[Ottoman Empire]] to the southeast, [[Greece]] to the south-west, [[Albania]] and [[Croatia]] to the west and [[Serbia]] to the north-west.

==History==
After the preliminary peace of San Stefano in the 8th Russian-Turkish War 1877/78, the newly formed nation state of Bulgaria included Macedonia to the Ochrid Lake, and a coastal strip on the Aegean Sea (so-called ‘Greater’ Bulgaria). The Berlin Congress of 1878 however limited the country's territory to the region between the Danube and Balkans, whilst Macedonia and Eastern Rumelia remained with the [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[Russia]] watched the successes of Prince Alexander I (such as the annexation of Eastern Rumelia in 1885 and victory over [[Serbia]] in 1885/86) with distrust.

Interested in controlling Bulgaria, the Russians forced Alexander I to abdicate after orchestrating a coup led by pro-Russian officers. His successor was Ferdinand of Saxony-Coburg-Gotha, and it was he who achieved the formal independence from the Ottomans and crowned Tsar in 1908. With the idea of a Greater Bulgaria as a kind of ‘manifest destiny’ the country became the driving force in the Balkans League and carried the much of the burden in the First Balkan War (1912/13). Defeat at the hands of the other Balkan states soon after this war cost Bulgaria much of her hard won land, but its participation on the victorious side in the [[Weltkrieg]] reversed these losses and Ferdinand's vision seemed finally to be reality.

However unrest in the recaptured regions, subversive nationalist propaganda campaigns by the other Balkan states and the general economic difficulties of the 1920's meant Bulgaria was unable to make full use of its newly found power, despite German industrial assistance.

Former Tzar Ferdinand retired in the early '30s, leaving his popular son Boris to take the throne.

==Politics==
The Tsar has significant political power, from naming generals to deciding which laws will be implemented. Bulgaria is a highly conservative state when it comes to politics, and resembles the Tsarist Russia of 1917 quite greatly. Bulgaria has cool relations with many of it's neighbours, due to the many wars between Bulgaria and most of the Balkan nations. The Ottoman Empire supports Bulgaria diplomatically, and Germany has great interests to keep Bulgaria the dominant power in the Balkans.

'''Tsar of Bulgaria''': S.K.H. [[Boris III]] von Saxe-Coburg-Gotha

'''Prime Minister''': [[Bogdan Filov]]

'''Foreign Minister''': [[Georgi Kioseivanov]]

'''Minister of Finance''': Kiril Gounev

'''Minister for the Interior''': Georgi Sapov

'''Minister of Justice''': Dimitar Peshev

'''Minister of War''': Hristo Lukov

'''Chief commander of Land Forces''': Todor Georgiev

'''Chief commander of Naval Forces''': Sava Ivanov

'''Chief commander of Air Forces''': Vasil Boydev

==Military==
===Army===
The Bulgarian Army is very large, for a country of its size: it comprises sixteen infantry divisions and two outdated cavalry division. However, even if numerous, only a few units are well-trained and fully equipped and the majority of the forces are in much worse conditions.

===Navy and Air Force===
The Bulgarian Aegean Sea Navy (Belomorska Flota) is relatively strong despite its old age. It consists of two battleships, three heavy cruisers, two light cruisers and three destroyer divisions. The Black Sea Navy (Chernomorska Flota) consists of a single destroyer division.

The Bulgarian Air Force is comprised of two tactical bomber squadrons and one Interceptor squadron.

==Foreign relations==
Friendly relations with [[Germany]], [[Austria-Hungary]], [[Russia]] and [[Albania]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Serbia]], [[Greece]] and [[Romania]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Canada

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:19:03 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Jamhaw

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Canada'''</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://flagspot.net/images/c/ca-21-be.gif
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_%281923%29.jpg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Canada_%281923%29.jpg
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Canada

|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''A Mari Usque Ad Mare'' (From Sea to Sea)
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' [[God Save the King]]
|-

| align=center colspan=2 | http://i231.photobucket.com/albums/ee48/Cornichouille/Kaiserpedia/Countries/Canada.png
 
|-

| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
|}
|-
|-
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || [[English]] and [[French]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Ottawa]]
|-
|'''King''' || [[George V]]
|-
|'''Prime Minister''' || [[Mackenzie King]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - British North America Act
|  July 1, 1867
|-
|'''Government'''
|Parliamentary federal monarchy
|-
|'''Currency''' || Canadian dollar
|-
|'''Area'''
|
3.8 million square miles|-
|'''Population'''
| More than 12 millions
|-
|}

The Dominion of Canada is a country in North America. It stretches from the Atlantic Ocean, in the East, to the Pacific, in the West. The country borders only the [[United States]], in the west with Alaska, and in all its southern border along the 49th parallel. A parliamentary monarchy, Canada is a member of the [[Entente]], the leading country of the British Empire and hosts the British Royal Family in exile. A federal country, it is comprised of 10 provinces and 2 territories subject to dominion jurisdiction.

==History==

=== From Confederation to the Great War ===

Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled along, the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. Following several constitutional conferences, the British North America Act brought about Confederation creating "one Dominion under the name of Canada" on July 1, 1867, with four provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The Dominion assumed control of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to form the Northwest Territories; British Columbia and Vancouver Island and the colony of Prince Edward Island joined Confederation in 1871 and 1873, respectively. Under Liberal Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier, European immigrants settled the western prairies, and Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905.

Canada automatically entered the [[Weltkrieg]] in 1914 with Britain's declaration of war, sending volunteers to the Western Front who later became part of the Canadian Corps. The Corps played a substantial role in the Battle of Vimy Ridge and other major battles of the war. The Conscription Crisis of 1917 erupted when conservative Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden brought in compulsory military service over the objection of French-speaking Quebecers. Proudly serving the Home Isles with Men, Weapons, Food and Material to feed her growing war industries as a loyal Dominion. Canadians were distraught by the retreat from the continent and greatly embittered by the dominance of the German Empire after the Peace with Honour Accords signed by the British and German governments.

=== Canada after the Great War ===

Canadian troops returned to their country after the conclusion of the Peace with Honour treaty in 1921. Canadian Prime Minister Sir Robert Laird Borden received column of troops headed by the tenacious and well-beloved Canadian general Sir Arthur Currie, who was esteemed heavily by both the Allies and the Central Powers for his brilliant leadership of the Canadian Corps.

PM Borden, dogged and tired after holding a Union Government together for the duration of the war, appeared visibly strained and prematurely aged as he proclaimed: "I welcome you home from the fields of war, from which you knew no defeat!" Canadian attitudes to the war were divided. While Patriots and Imperialists took comfort some comfort in the fact that the Empire had not been defeated per se, the fact that the war ended in a unfavourable "draw" heavily in [[Germany]]'s favour kindled great resentment, especially in Quebec where conscription riots and opposition to the war seemed to be justified in the light of German dominance of the European continent.

Upon conclusion of the war, all the Union liberals who had not left the government yet quickly rejoined their fellow party members in the opposition and the government fell apart, divided as to how to take Canada into the future. Former liberal PM Sir Wilfrid Laurier's optimistic prediction that the 20th century would be Canada's century seemed laughable now to most Canadians. Laurier himself had passed away during the war, seemingly taking with him to the grave the sunny prosperity that had affected Canada during his leadership in the late 19th century. Shortly after calling the election, PM Borden lay in his room at the Chateau Laurier and passed away. His last words were of regret that he had never returned to his native Nova Scotia to rejoin the Celtic Diaspora. With many of the heavyweights of the old Victorian and Edwardian political traditions dead, Canada weaved in and out of political obscurity and a deep sense of national malaise. All of this would be grimly impacted by the loss of the Home Islands to the [[1925 British Revolution]].

=== Canada, leader of the Entente ===

Syndicalist takeover in the Home Isles proved to be the determining factor in Canadian foreign and internal policy. As expected, thousands of members of the British nobility, businessmen, right-wing politicians, as well as ordinary but wealthy people, frightened by the prospect of radical purges and violence like in [[Commune of France|France]], went into exile in Canada, the only part of the British Empire that was not touched by the revolutionary waves unlike India, Africa and Australasia. Along with the exiles, the elements of the British Army that had not mutinied crossed the Atlantic as well. This resulted in Canada quickly taking the role of leader of the Remnants of the Empire such as the [[Caribbean Federation]] and [[Delhi]]. Moreover after a referendum in 1926 (some say rigged by elements close to the Royal Family) the Dominion of Newfoundland was incorporated into the Elder Dominion.

The arrival of the exiles caused a great upheaval in Canadian political life. After PM [[Mackenzie King|King]]'s refusal to let the British government in exile replace the Canadian government, the office of Governor-General and the Senate were abolished, replaced respectively by King [[George V]] himself and the former British House of Lords. The Canadian and British Armies were merged under mixed Anglo-Canadian leadership: Canadian politics shifted strongly to the right, the Progressives being accused of [[Syndicalism|Syndicalist]] sympathies and Liberal PM King blamed for having lost most of the Empire to Syndicalist, nationalist or [[Germany|German]] takeover. Moreover, the King and the British exiles were quickly accused of interference in Canadian politics, directing them into a rearmement and offensive program conceived for preserving the unity of the Empire and preparing the reconquest of the Home Isles. The liberal nationalists, who were only beginning to push for independance in the aftermath of the Great War, viewed with great discontent the Exiles' influence on their politics, stressing the declining health of King George, and would rather see their country as the peacekeeper of troubled America, a role that has been abandoned by the isolationist [[United States]]. However, all the hopes are now concentrated on the [[Edward, Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales]], who would be the first truly Canadian monarch... or nothing less than the British King-Emperor in exile.

== Politics ==

Canada is a confederal parliamentary monarchy ruled by the King of the United Kingdom (as the office of Governor-General of Canada was abolished in 1926, its last occupier having been the Baron Byng of Vimy). Parliament is made up of the Crown, an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of Lords (the former Senate that now hosts the British House of Lords in exile). Each Member of Parliament in the House of Commons is elected by simple plurality in an electoral district or riding. General elections must be called by the Prime Minister within five years of the previous election, or may be triggered by the government losing a confidence vote in the House. The House of Lords is comprised by British or Canadian hereditary or appointed members. The influence the British Exiles have taken since 1925, officially by the arrival of the King and the Lords in the Upper House, unofficially for the shadowy but effective influence of the Royal Councilliors, the Club members or exiled politicians, all driven by the perspective of a reconquest of the Home Isles and the rest of the Empire or, as PM King dubs it, "The Anglo-Saxon World". Prime Minister Sir Mackenzie King has attempted to consolidate Liberal power in Canada as a result of concern that they would be overwhelmed by the primarily Tory exiles, such as decreeing that Cabinet members had to be absolutely members of the Lower House as a way of nullifying the Upper House, but some on the left fear that Canada is becomeing an authoritarian monarchy with the appearence of parliamentary democracy, like [[Germany]]. Other reproaches come from the French-speaking inhabitants of Quebec, worried by the growing influence of the British, fearing a confederal system disadvantageous to them, and a lowering influence of Roman Catholics.

{{image|http://i231.photobucket.com/albums/ee48/Cornichouille/Kaiserpedia/Canadacabinet.png|left|COF|The Canadian government}}

'''King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India:''' [[George V]] of Windsor (Federationist, born 3 June 1865)

'''Prime Minister and Secretary of State for External Affairs:''' [[Mackenzie King|William Lyon Mackenzie King]] (Liberal, born 17 December 1874)

'''Minister of National Defence:''' [[Ian Alistair Mackenzie]] (Liberal, born 27 July 1890)

'''Minister of Justice:''' [[Ernest Lapointe]] (Liberal, born 6 October 1876)

'''Director of Military Operations & Military Intelligence:''' [[Henry Crerar]] (born 28 April 1888)

'''Chief of the Imperial General Staff:''' Lieutenant-General [[Ernest Charles Ashton]] (born 28 October 1873)

'''Chief of the Naval Staff:''' Admiral [[Percy Nelles]] (born 7 January 1892)

'''Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Air Force:''' [[George Croil]] (born 5 June 1893)

===King's policies===

The current leading party is the Liberal Party of Canada which, unlike the other Imperial countries, has not suffered the setback political liberalism endured after [[Herbert Asquith]] and [[Lloyd George]] have been blamed for the loss of the Great War. Led by the prime minister Sir William Lyon MacKenzie King, not well viewed by the British Lords as the descendant of an anti-British nationalist family: having been Canadian Prime Minister when the British Revolution happened, he has contributed to redifine Canadian politics during the interwar years. Whilst still blaming the British lords and exiles for losing the Empire, he urged peaceful foreign policy based on mutually dependent, integrated economies with other the nations within “The Anglo-Saxon World”, a policy that hasn't been well received by Anglo-Canadian political and military elite aware of Canada's imperial obligations in the Pacific and the Caribbean. Even if he viewed the [[America First Union Party]] has a possible railing against [[Combined Syndicates of America|American Syndicalism]], he has vowed to support the traditionnal parties in place in the American continent, refusing to be the bearer of the "Canadian Big Stick Policy" promoted by some.

He has also implemented a strong anti-Syndicalist policy, taking advantage of the economic upturn and expansion of industrialization that was brought about by the infusion of British gold and technology: fearing a corresponding rise in the workers' protests, he refused to improve their rights and instead repressed with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police the 1925 Winnipeg General Strike, with the backing of Anglo-Canadian elites desiring to stamp out any possibility of another revolution breakout. However the extent that many of the RCMP officers went to shocked many within the Canadian body politic (it was rumoured that the RCMP has been infiltrated by a group of men who are the sons of former members of the old Special Branch), and the Liberals under King reached out to members of the Canadian Commonwealth Federation (CCF) declaring that they were merely ‘Liberals in a hurry.’ King’s charm and reaching out to the left-wing in order to form a united opposition to the Conservatives has resulted in Canadian socialism and liberalism adopting a policy of gradual, legal reform. With this alliance, King was able to win the next federal election and regain the Premiership.

King's primary opposition is the British-backed Conservative Party led by Sir [[Arthur Meighen]] and Sir [[R.B. Bennett]] after the death of Borden, supported by British pre-Revolution political figures [[Stanley Baldwin]], [[Neville Chamberlain]] and [[Winston Churchill]]. Winning the 1930 general elections, the Conservatives have been able to present themselves as the party of Imperial unity. The endorsement of King George V, blatantly meddling in Canada’s political affairs sealed the 1930 election for Bennett who nonetheless opted for a 100% Canadian cabinet. However, Bennett relies on the financial, political and philosophical guidance of British Exiles who exist in a ‘shadow cabinet’ of Canada’s traditional clubs for the Elite such as the Empire Club in Toronto, the Orange Order and the Chateau Clique in Montréal. Even under the Liberal government of King, the Army and Navy staffs were packed with many of Britain’s top generals and admirals. Though a few generals such as [[Georges Vanier|Vanier]] (the top ranking French Canadian in the army), [[Henry Crerar|Crerar]], [[Kenneth Stuart|Stuart]] and McNaughton have attained positions of influence in the army, the Navy is firmly in the hands of British admirals. The Air Force is the only Canadian institution to remain almost equally divided between Canadians and British Exiles. Proclaiming that the ultimate goal of Canada is the reclamation of Britain, Bennett recalled much of the British Fleet from the Pacific and the entire South African station, causing great resentment in the other Dominions and waged an inconclusive (though popular) war of skirmishes with the Syndicalist Navy in the Atlantic. While the Navy seems well prepared to renew the war against the Union of Britain, the Canadian army remains small and is in need or reorganization if it is to become capable of forcing a landing in Britain. Many Canadian officers look enviously at the Australasian army, which is no more advanced, but is larger, better organized and better led as several of the more progressive British generals settled in Australasia. Such a policy played an important role in the Conservative loss in 1935. Additionally the shocking rise of the [[Social Credit]] movement in western Canada in 1935, which supports the monetary reform theories of [[C.H. Douglas]] and a strongly religious policy divided the right wing vote, with Social Credit emerging as the new third party in Canadian politics at the Dominion level and simultaneously sweeping into control over the province of Alberta.

King has met with great success in rallying the forces of Canadian liberalism by painting Meighen as a yes-man to the British lords. The Progressives, soon accused of Syndicalist tendencies, saw their influence fall quickly in Canada and by the end of the 1920s had been completely returned to the Liberal fold at the dominion level. While King’s policies are clearly constructed in view of how much the Canadian people will tolerate, his opportunism and accumulation of political alliances among the respectable members of the Left has built a powerful counterpoint to conservatives such as [[Arthur Meighen]] and [[R.B. Bennett]]. As dangerous as it seems, King is no fool. While his eccentricities are well known, he maintains an iron grip on his party’s discipline and arranges for himself to carry a safe riding every election.

=== Relations between the Liberal leader and the Royal Family ===

Relations with the Royal family are strained. The [[George V|King]] has no time for the Liberal leader, leading wags in the press to talk about the war between the "Kings of Canada". The [[Edward, Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales]], the darling of Canada’s media, finds King to be nothing but a mere colonial and spends most of his time putting in valuable facetime for the Monarchy in Canada, especially in Quebec where he is doing his best to woe the French Canadians with his charm. His brother [[Albert, Duke of York|Albert]] however, possessed of a powerful sense of duty, has granted King a great deal of mutual respect, if not public endorsement, especially in regards to King’s contention that each British Dominion is a separate state with equal rights within a larger Empire, each with its separate crown for its head of state.

The other sons of King George V, the [[Henry, Duke of Gloucester|Duke of Gloucester]] and the [[George, Duke of Kent|Duke of Kent]] have kept a low profile in the Canadian public life, though the Duke of Kent’s interest in the development of airpower has lead to his active engagement and elevation within the Royal Canadian Airforce. He has been instrumental in establishing a Inter-service Air Training Program in the Province of Alberta where pilots from all over the Empire, the Pacific, the Caribbean and even some from India. While some dismiss it as a costly and inefficient pet project, many are beginning to seriously consider expanding the Duke's scheme on a National, perhaps even an International, level. Henry has remained in the army and patronizes the Royal Military College in Kingston as an honorary colonel. It is suspected that he will be dispatched to one of the other Dominions as Governor-General to increase the connection between the Crown and its subjects.

=== The Quebec Question ===

In the French Majority province of Quebec, [[Maurice Duplessis]], as leader of the paternal-authoritarian-like Union Nationale, stands unopposed in provincial politics. He has successfully eliminated overt support for syndicalism and ensured the survival of the Catholic identity of Quebec. His party has used the election slogan "Survival" in every provincial election to paint the Quebecer self-image as a religious struggle for God. Duplessis however has been more than willing to let Anglo companies build branch plants within Quebec and build up an impressive commercial presence so long as they did not allow unions and did not try to intervene in politics at all. He has even allowed some of them to have English-only workplaces. He maintains cheerful and amicable relations with the corrupt and patronage driven government of Mitch Hepburn, the scandalous Liberal premier of Ontario.

In light of the fall of the Empire, Duplessis has enhanced relations with the [[Italian Federation]] and its dominant Catholic political culture, especially in hopes that a weak pope will be elected when the current incumbent dies. If such an election took place and the Pontiff would not interfere with Quebec, Duplessis is eager to maintain his close alliance with the Catholic Church. The Church essentially runs education and social welfare as a result of this arrangement and very few Quebecois receive a higher education. Duplessis also maintains a relationship with [[National France]], not because of a kinship to the European French (whom many Quebecois accuse of abandoning them to the English), but to stamp out any possible Syndicalist infiltration by [[Commune of France|Commune]] agents. Assuming a strong Pope, Duplessis may be forced to reconsider his alliance as he would not want the Holy Father looking over his shoulder. King has long given up on trying to engineer a liberal government for the Province of Quebec and both Conservative and Liberal governments have refrained from interfering in Quebec politics so long as Duplessis does not stoke disloyalty or interferes with Federal politics.

== Military ==

{{image|http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/CanadiansdestroyerDieppe.jpg/240px-CanadiansdestroyerDieppe.jpg|left|COF|Canadian infantrymen aboard a destroyer ship, near Alberta Training Camp}}

The Battle of Vimy Ridge is one of Canada's proudest moments from the Great War. Succeeding where British and French forces had failed, Canadian troops dislodged an entrenched and skilled contingent of German troops from Vimy Ridge under the brilliant leadership of Canadian general Sir Arthur Currie. This victory was attributed to the use of underground sapping, rolling artillery barrages and informing NCO's and rank soldiers of the battle's objectives so in event of commanding officers being killed, the mission could still go ahead. Canadian newspapers lauded the troops while the soldiers themselves wrote home enthusiastically to state that Canada had been born on the fields of Vimy, an equal to England and all her other allies. Because of this battle, Canadian soldiers are now considered some of the most elite soldiers on the face of the Earth.

=== Army ===

After the Canadian army had returned from England there was a quick demobilization of forces to quell some of the concerns that Quebec had because of conscription. For the next four years the Canadian military was downsized. The revolution of 1925 changed the military priorities of Canada and the military increased in size again. The Canadian army was not in a position to assist with an immediate attack on the home isles. Canadian hero [[Georges Vanier]] returned to the army in 1926 and joined the Royal Command Staff under [[Edmund Ironside]]. A reorganization of the army began in 1927 to accomodate the influx of British officers from around the empire and focused on infantry combat using the experience of Vanier who pioneered the counter to [[Erich Ludendorff|Ludendorff]] stormtroopers known as "Reverse Infiltration". The army was brought back to a fighting strength by 1936 but it lacked modern equipment and manpower was a major issue.

=== Navy ===

The Royal Canadian Navy had been almost completely demobilized by the time of the 1925 revolution. When the Royal Navy broke the socialist blockade and evacuated the Royal Family it was able to escape to Canada. Overnight Canada became a major naval power. In 1928 the Royal Navy, under the guidance of Admiral [[Roger Keyes|Keyes]], began an ambitious building program to bring the Royal Navy up to a modern fighting level. All the naval services were expanded and improved with the emphasis being put on long range ships. In 1933 Admiral [[Horatio Nelson Lay]] successfully argued for the inclusion of large fleet carriers to be added to the building program and [[Harry DeWolf]], Canada's submarine pioneer, argued for the inclusion of modern submarines citing German successes in the last war. Keyes was unimpressed with the idea but the submarines were easy to manufacture and could roam in secrecy to do reconnaisance of Union of Britain fleet movements, he was eventually overruled by the Prime Minister. By 1936 the production of the Royal Navy continued and two new carriers were layed down and the Royal Navy had also setup a base in Karachi.

=== Air Force ===

{{image|http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/British_Columbia_Regiment_1940.jpg/250px-British_Columbia_Regiment_1940.jpg|right|COF|Canadian troops parading}}

After the war in Europe the services were demobilized and only casual flying was being done in Canada. When the Royal Air Force command staff arrived in Canada in 1925 the future looked bright for the Canadian air services but instead the commanders were unable to decide how the service should be handled. Canadians like [[Billy Bishop]] wanted the airforce to be a Canadian run service but the British commanders refused to work under Canadians. The prioritization of the Navy had significantly reduced the resources available to the service and by 1930 both the RAF and RCAF were running independent of each other and being commanded loosely by the Royal Command Staff in Ottawa. Bishop and [[Hugh Trenchard]] were consistently at odds over the design of the airforce and by 1936 only a few air wings had been brought up to fighting strength.

In comparison to the problems of the RAF and RCAF, the Royal Canadian Naval Air Service was one of Canada's best military services. It was demobilized like the other services after the war but with the expansion program of the navy in 1928 the expansion of the service as being a support element for the navy begun. The introduction of the aircraft carriers to the naval program was a major boon for the RCNAS and unlike the traditional airforce there was no question this would be a Canadian run service. Admiral [[Horatio Nelson Lay|Lay]] and [[Billy Bishop]] worked together to make a flying service for the Royal Navy with the emphasis on pilot skill. The RCNAS is not the most professional service in the Canadian military but Royal Navy captains are more than willing to overlook infractions simply to keep these skilled aviators in the skies above them happy. By 1936 the RCNAS was considered the best servcie in the military, as well as the highest paying, but also lacked modern equipment.

== Foreign relations ==

Abroad, the old Boer nemesis in [[South Africa]] has resurfaced. South Africa was the one Dominion of the Old Empire to receive only a trickle of Exiles and the share of the spoils they were able to save from Britain was miniscule. Even King may not be able to bring the South African’s back into the Empire, though he hopes that they will at least remain as an associated power and maintain the preferential trading agreements that see many of South Africa’s raw materials head to feed Canada’s large industrial appetite.

The British Naval Station in [[Delhi]] remains strong enough to be threatening, but too weak to maintain Order in the Indian Ocean and is growing old in the face of the German Naval Squadron based at Ceylon, the Canadians maintain it to keep a link with the aging British technocrats in the Delhi government.

The fall of the Old Empire and the rebellion of several subject peoples has resulted in a great deal of racism in Canada and Australasia against people who are visibly Non-British, and the Conservative party, back when it was still in power, urged the Australasians to deploy a sizable portion of its army to [[Delhi]] to “keep the natives in line”. This further antagonized the rocky relationship between [[Canberra]] and Ottawa, and King astutely dropped the matter. While they are not Anglo-Saxon, King has made a point of declaring on no less than 7 public occasions that India has “been a part of the Empire longer than most of Canada and that there exists a special place for them, side by side with their fellow citizens of the Empire…” The fact that King used the word citizens, as opposed to subjects has caused a great deal of debate over the future of the Empire in political circles. With the advent of more sophisticated communication technology, many proponents of a global federation of Imperial British states is gaining more prominence within Liberal circles, especially as it would place a reclaimed Britain on an equal footing with Canada within such a political arrangement.

While Sir R.B Bennet and the British elites wanted to also recapture [[Ireland]], Sir Mackenzie King has embarked on a policy of reconciliation with the “Lost Dominion.” In the event of war, King have suggested sending a diplomatic offer to [[Michael Collins]] that offers a public, binding, international decree by the British crown to recognize the sovereignty of the Irish Republic and a vow to never violate that sovereignty, and in return for port rights and airstrips in Ireland to carry out the war against the UoB.

==Culture==

Even from zealous promoters of Anglo-Saxon culture, nowadays Canadian culture is seen by artistic experts as rather poor and totally committed to the official policies. Unable to fully participate to their colony's politics, the Exiles railed at the publications or works opposed to them, taking over censorship and redefining the official line of Canadian art: erasing all the papist, liberal, socialist or obscene influences to give light for an Imperial culture, that would format everybody's mind for loyalty to the King and reconquest of the Empire. Canadian cultural life has turned into a gigantic propaganda machine committed to the Exiles and their cause, only promoting the old Victorian values and blaming the leftist and decadent values that brought the fall of the Empire. Local Canadian artists are muzzled or forced to fulfill the official commands, whilst most of the many British intellectuals that emigrated were among the most reactionary ones and followed their fellow countrymen's censorship policies. A few of the most notable writers in contemporary Canada is Sir [[Stephen Leacock]], and [[G.K. Chesterton]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Entente]] [[Category:Canadian-related topics]] [[Category:American countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Georgia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:57 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by AC

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Sakartvelos Demokratiuli Respublika''' '''Democratic Republic of Georgia'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Georgia_%281918-1921%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Georgia_%281918-1921%29.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Georgia_CoA_1918-1921.svg/85px-Georgia_CoA_1918-1921.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Georgia

|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Dzala ertobashia (Strength is in Unity)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Dideba Zetsit Kurtheuls (Praise Be To The Heavenly Bestower of Blessings)
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Georgia.JPG|300px]]
The Georgian SR, amongst the other Caucasian states.
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Georgian
|-
|'''Capital''' || Tblisi
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Kandid Charkviani]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Lavrentiy Beria]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|   March 3 1918
|-
|'''Government'''
|Socialist republic
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Georgian maneti
|-
|'''Area'''
|Around 90 000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 4 millions
|-
|}

'''Georgia''' is a country in the Southern Caucaus. It borders the [[Don-Kuban Union]] to the north, [[Azerbaijan]] to the east, [[Armenia]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]] to the south.

== History ==
The modern state of Georgia was established under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and during the ensuing chaos of the [[Russian Civil War]] she emerged as a Menshevik stronghold, firmly establishing a potentially grave threat to White Forces in the Caucasus and Don-Kuban region who were only just beginning to regroup. However, the Georgian leadership quickly declared their new country's neutrality in the Civil War, and unwilling to risk a potentially disastrous conflict in the mountains of the Caucasus, especially when the Bolsheviks still held the Russian heartland, [[Alexander Kerensky|Kerensky]] and the Generals were content to leave the small state alone for the time being. A Popular Front of native Mensheviks, small groups of Bolsheviks, and Social Revolutionaries quickly emerged, and went to work building a new form of 'Caucasian Socialism' under a representative parliamentary system.

Since the revolution, the state has been characterized by strong state power, regulation, and intervention, and although this has given the country a surprisingly strong industrial base, not all is well in Menshevik Georgia. Indeed, the industrialization process subverted the country's constitution by creating a massive and unaccountable bureaucratic administration and putting it in charge of the country, and with each day the regime of this vast organization becomes more and more bound to the police and 'internal security service'. Georgia's democratic constitution has now become irrelevant, and all real power is now concentrated in the hands of the Supreme Economic Council, which is in turn increasingly controlled by the Chairmanship of [[Lavrentiy Beria]] - a man who is eager to integrate more regions into the Caucasian Socialist State.

== Politics ==
Georgia is a socialist republic controlled by the Menshevik Party of Georgia.

'''President''': [[Kandid Charkviani]]

'''Chairman of the Central Committee of the Menchevik Party and Minister of War''': [[Lavrentiy Beria]]

'''Minister of Foreign Affairs''': Budu Mdivani

'''Minister of Finance''': Georgi Eliav

'''Head of the Internal Security Service''': Sergo Ordzhonikidzhe

'''Head of the External Security Service''': Nikola Nakashidzhe

'''Chief of Georgian Ground Forces''': Igor D. Tcherniakhovski

'''Chief of Georgian Navy''': Alexei Brusilov

'''Chief of Georgian Air Force''': Mamia Orakhelashvili

== Military ==
The People's Guard is the privileged military force in the country. Founded on September 5 1917 as the Worker's Guard it was later renamed into the Red Guard, and finally into the People's Guard. It is a highly politicized military structure placed directly under the control of the Ministry of War and consist of six infantry divisions. Serious naval and air military programs were never attempted.

== Foreign Relations ==
Friendly relations with [[Socialist Republic of Italy]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Don-Kuban Union]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Armenia]] and [[Ottoman Empire]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Socialist system]]

Greece

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:55 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by AC

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Vasíleion tīs Elládos''' '''Kingdom of Greece'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Hellenic_Kingdom_Flag_1935.svg/125px-Hellenic_Kingdom_Flag_1935.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Greek_Royal_Arms.svg/85px-Greek_Royal_Arms.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Greece

|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Eleutheria i thanatos (Freedom or Death)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' ��mnos eis tīn Eleftherían
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Greek
|-
|'''Capital''' || Athens
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Georgios II]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Panagis Tsaldaris]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Independence from
the Ottoman Empire
|   25 March 1821
|-
|      Recognized
|   3 February 1830
|-
|'''Government'''
|Parliamentary monarchy
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Greek drachma
|-
|'''Area'''
|89 571 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 6 millions
|-
|}

'''Greece''' is a country in Southeast Europe. It borders [[Bulgaria]] to the northeast and [[Albania]] to the northwest.

==History==
Greece's independence from [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman rule]] was officially declared in 1829/30, with the Peace of Adrianople, ending the 6th Russian-Turkish War, and the London Protocol. However, the country was not stabilized until the Danish Prince Wilhelm climbed the Greek throne as Georg I in 1863. Under his rule the country became a parliamentary monarchy with limited powers for the monarch. In 1863 the Ionian Islands were returned by Britain upon the arrival of the new king and in 1881 the [[Ottoman Empire]] ceded Thessaly and parts of Epirus to Greece, following the Treaty of Berlin signed three years before. Despite a defeat against the Ottomans in 1897 when Greece supported the Cretan uprising, the island could - by pressure of the major powers - join the state territory. Macedonia was conquered in the Second Balkans War (1912/13) from [[Bulgaria]], leading to continuously bad relations between the two countries. During the [[Weltkrieg]] King Konstantin I saw to it that his country remained neutral at first, but pressure from the [[Entente]] and Prime Minister Eleutherios Venizelos forced him to abdicate in 1917, and Greece joined the war against the Central Powers. Unfortunately the defeat of Italy allowed Austrian and Bulgarian troops to overrun Greece in 1919, driving out the British forces at Salonica. King Konstantin was returned to the throne of a defeated Greece by the Austrians and Greece was forced to return the territory taken from Bulgaria in 1913, as well as giving Corfu and Kefalonia to [[Austria]] itself and Crete to [[Germany]]. Konstantinos was succeeded in 1923 by his son, Georgios II, who had been more pro-British during the war. With the defeat of France and Britain and their later revolutions Greece was left without allies in the west. In the Balkans however it has found friends in the two other defeated nations - [[Serbia]] and [[Romania]]. All three share a goal - to reverse their losses from the Great War. However as long as Bulgaria is backed by the victorious Central Powers it seems doubtful that Greece or the other nations can achieve their goal.

==Politics==
'''King of Greece''': H.R.H. [[Georgios II]]

'''Prime Minister''': [[Panagis Tsaldaris]]

'''Minister for Foreign Affairs''': Constantinos Demertzis

'''Governor of the Bank of Greece''': Georgios Mantzavinos

'''Minister for the Interior and Public Order''': Georgios Logothetis

'''Head of Military Intelligence''': Georgios Logothetis

'''Minister of Military Affairs''': Theodor Pangalos

'''Chief of the Army General Staff''': Alexandros Papagos

'''Chief of the Hellenic Navy''': Anastassio Sakellariou

'''Chief of Air Force General Staff''': Eleftherios Venizelos

==Military==
===Army===
The Hellenic Army is quite large, it consists of nine infantry division, with various brigades attached.

===Navy and Air Force===
While the Hellenic Air Force is almost non-existent, the Hellenic Navy is numerous, even if outdated. It comprises two light cruisers, two destroyers, two submarines and two transport flotilla.

==Foreign relations==
Friendly relations with [[Serbia]], [[Romania]] and [[Russia]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Bulgaria]], [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Austria-Hungary]].
[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Italian Federation

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:54 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by AC

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Federazione Italiana''' '''Italian Federation'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://img855.imageshack.us/img855/3447/italianfederation.png
 Flag of the Italian Federation

|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Pax Christi in regno Christi''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Triumphal March
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Italy.JPG|250px]]
 A divided Italy. The Italian Federation in green to the north, with the Socialist Republic of Italy in red to the south.
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Italian
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Rome]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Pius XI]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Stefano Jacini]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Proclamation of the Italian Federation
|  May 3 1922
|-
|'''Government'''
|Theocracy
|-
|'''Currency''' || Lira italiana
|-
|'''Area '''
|Around 190.000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|Around 25 million
|-
|}

The '''Italian Federation''' is a country in southern Europe and dominates the northern half of the Apennine Peninsula. It is bordered by [[Switzerland]] to the north, [[Austria]] to the northeast, the [[Socialist Republic of Italy]] to the south and the [[Commune of France]] to the west.

== History ==

The unified Italy created in 1861 lasted little more than half a century. Her decision to side with the [[Entente]] powers rather than her traditional Central European allies during the [[Weltkrieg]] proved to be a mistake to the highest order. In 1919 [[Weltkrieg#1919|Italy collapsed under a Central Powers' offensive]], and the combination of anger at Italy's betrayal and the Austrian desire for a divided Italian peninsula led to the break-up of Italy as a nation.
After three years of military occupation Austria decided to recreate several pre-Risorgimento states united in a loose, highly decentralized federation with strong regional powers. The Pope was chosen as nominal Head of State, as the glue to keep the Federation together. However, the Pope was supposed to be merely a spiritual guide and a figure head.

The Italian Federation federation was established in May 3 1922, merely three months after the election of [[Pius XI]] as the new Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. While in theory he had the power to appoint nobles and delegates from the various Italian regions as ministers of the Federation, in reality these positions held little power: at that time, being a minister of the Italian Federation was more an honorific position than one of true power. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was supposed to be one of the constituent entities of the Federation but in 1921 the peasantry revolted and, with the Anarcho-Syndicalist movement leading the revolution, the [[Socialist Republic of Italy]] was established and fought the strained Austrian forces to a stalemate, thereby gaining independence and recognition and dividing the Italian peninsula in two countries.

However, little by little the situation changed. The [[Ausgleich#1927_Ausgleich|1927 Ausgleich]] showed who fractured the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] really was and the decentralization it brought loosened the Austrian leash on the Federation. In the meantime Pope [[Pius XI]], using the the motto ''[[Pius_XI#Ecumenical_teaching|Pax Christi in regno Christi]]'' ("''the peace of Christ in the reign of Christ''"), encouraged the Catholics to work together with the purpose of creating a christian society, where Christ and the Church would pervade every aspect of human life. He advocated a reconstruction of economic and political life on the basis of religious values and encouraged an economy based on cooperation and solidarity, based on the catholic principles of respect and assistance. Thanks to the spreading of this doctrine, the Vatican started getting more and more involved in the internal affairs of the various entities composing the federation.

In the early 1930's a group of radical cardinals gained political control of the Vatican. Aided by Pope [[Pius XI]] this group pushed for the centralization and expansion of Papal power and control over the federation. During this period [[Austria]] was distracted by internal affairs, and was reluctant to intervene in favour of the status quo and stir troubles among its own Catholic population. Playing on the massive popular support the Pope had and setting this in the context of needing a great leader to guard Italian Federation from the dangers of Syndicalism the Pope emerged as the formal leader of northern Italy in 1934.

== Politics ==
The Italian Federation consists of several separated entities federated together. The Pope is the President of the Federation and the government is formed by cardinals and commoners alike. In the beginning the Pope was only a formal ruler who cyclically appointed the nobles and the representatives from the various entities of the Italian Federation as Heads of Government and ministers. However, following the changes brought by Pius XI in the early 1930's, the Pope is now in firm control of the government and, while nobles and representatives from the various entities of the Italian Federation are still appointed as ministers, the cardinals gained more power and the most important ministries are usually reserved to them.

The current Pope, [[Pius XI]], appointed Count [[Stefano Jacini]], a social conservative who always advocated a strong control of the Pope over the Italian Federation, as Prime Minister and entrusted the most important ministries to loyal cardinals: Alfredo Ottavini as Secretary for Relations with States, [[Eugenio Pacelli]] as Minister of Finance, [[Theodor Innitzer]] as Minister of Security and Domenico Tardini as Head of the ''Sodalitium Pianum''. A representative from the Granduchy of Tuscany, [[Josef von Österreich-Toskana]] (related to the Austrian Royal Family) is the designed Chief of the Federal Staff. The military is in the hands of qualified officers: Vittorio Ambrosio is the Chief of the Holy Army, Arturo Riccardi is the Chief of the Holy Navy and the corsican Rino Corso Fougier is the Chief of the Holy Air Force.

'''Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and President of the Italian Federation''': [[Pius XI]]

'''Prime Minister''': [[Stefano Jacini]]

'''Secretary for Relations with States''': Alfredo Ottavini

'''Camerlengo of the Roman Catholic Church and Minister of Finance''': [[Eugenio Pacelli]]

'''Prefect of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office and Minister of Interior''': [[Theodor Innitzer]]

'''Head of the ''Sodalitium Pianum'' ''': Domenico Tardini

'''Chief of the Federal Staff''': [[Josef von Österreich-Toskana]]

'''Chief of the Federal Army''': Vittorio Ambrosio

'''Chief of the Federal Navy''': Arturo Riccardi

'''Chief of the Federal Air Force''': Rino Corso Fougier

Other important Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church include the french [[Achille Liènart]], a left-leaning liberal voice, and [[Elia Dalla Costa]], an austere and charitable man who refuse involving in politics.

== Administrative entities composing the Federation ==
Following its establishment in 1922, the Italian Federation is administratively composed by the following entities:
===Principality of Sardegna-Piemonte===
One of the most powerful states within the Federation, it controls about a quarter of its lands, including the industrial center of Turin and the Savoyan lands ceded to France in 1860. However, it lost Liguria to the reborn Republic led by Genoa whereas Sardinia was granted large autonomy within the Principality (with Sardinian language accorded co-official status), therefore its power cannot be compared to the state that unified Italy in 1861. The ruling House of Savoia was sent into exile after the [[Weltkrieg]] and the Principality was taken over by the cadet branch of Savoia-Aosta, led by the famous explorer Prince Amedeo d'Aosta.

=== Papal State===
By size the second largest of the Italian States, even after losing Romagna to the reborn Duchy of Modena, Ferrara and Reggio. Its capital is Rome and is lead by the Pope. However, the Papal States lacks the industrial power or manpower Lombardy, Sardinia-Piedmont or Tuscany have.

=== Grand Duchy of Toscana ===
Ruled by the House of Österreich-Toskana (a branch of the Habsburg family), the Grand Duke of Tuscany [[Josef von Österreich-Toskana|Josef]] is seen by the Austrian as their main hope to regain their power over the Federation. For this reason they are supporting the re-establishment of the monarchy, with Josef as candidate to become the new King of the Italian Federation.

=== Duchy of Modena, Ferrara and Reggio ===
The Duchy is ruled by Robert of Austria-Este, last descendant of the Este family and brother of Emperor [[Otto I]], increasing the direct influence the Habsburgs have over Italy.

=== Duchy of Parma and Piacenza===
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza is ruled by Duke Enrico of Bourbon-Parma, a relative of the [[Spain|Spanish]] Bourbons ([[Carlism|Carlist]] and legitimatist alike). Unfortunately both the Duke and his brother and heir suffer from mental disability, making a third brother Elias head of the family and regent.

=== Republic of Lombardia ===
Even if after the Weltkrieg some Austrian politicians were in favour of reuniting Lombardy with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, it was decided to leave it to the Italian Federation as a republic. The very presence of Milan in the Republic make it a force to be reckoned with in Federal policies.

=== Republic of Liguria ===
The city of Genoa has been a Republic for ages, until Sardinia gobbled it up during the Risorgimento. Now it has been re-established and it controls both Genoa and La Spezia, the main ports for the Italian Navy.

=== Republic of Corsica ===
Corsica seceded from France after the rise of the [[Commune of France|Commune]], begging for peace with [[Germany]], and joined the Federation for protection. The decentralized nature of the Federation suited the proud Corsican nationalist and the Corsican language gained co-official status.

== Military ==

=== Army ===

Following the withdrawal of the armies of the Central Powers, each separated entity forming the newborn Italian Federation established its own militia. Since Germany guaranteed the independence of the federation and despite the presence of two hostile syndicalist nations at its borders, in the beginning the Italian Federation didn't create a united force, but each of its entities developed a small army and usually focused on a specific military branch, specializing for example in infantry, navy or air force. However, with the decrease of autonomy of the separated entities and the centralization of the federation in favor of the Vatican, a unified army was created, composed of the best divisions from each entity.

=== Navy ===
The ''Marina Federale'' is the larger of the two Italian navies. Namely the 7th largest navy in the world, the Federation has the largest naval presence in the Mediterranean, not counting the German Mediterranean fleet based at Port Said and the Austrian fleet based in Venice. Emphasis is placed on battlecruisers, though the navy also has two rather modern battleships in its disposal. A curiosity, considering the navy's largely defensive role, is the submarine fleet which is largely downplayed by official sources. Naval analysts consider the existence of such a fleet evidence that the Federation is willing to go on the offense with the Socialist Republic of Italy, a conflict where the submarines could be used to choke southern trade.

=== Air Force ===

With two interceptor divisions, the Federal Air Force isn't really a threat to anyone. Tasked with the defense of Rome and the large industrial areas in the north, the Air Force needs to expand if it is to have any impact in any future war.

== Foreign Relations ==
Very good relations with [[National France]], [[Austria]]-[[Hungary]], [[Spain]] and [[Poland]].

Friendly relations with [[Germany]], [[Croatia]], [[Albania]], [[Canada]] and [[Brazil]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Abyssinia]], [[Union of Britain]], [[United States|United States of America]] and [[Japan]].

Declared hostility against [[Socialist Republic of Italy]] and [[Commune of France]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]]

Spain

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:50 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Jamhaw

National France

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:49 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Tchourakoff

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Quatrième République Française (France National)''' '''French Fourth Republic (National France)'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/320px-Flag_of_France.svg.png
http://cs622330.vk.me/v622330182/4ea90/3GB_aSFDFVQ.jpg
 Flag and emblem of National France
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background:#f9f9f9;" |'''Anthem''' [[Partant pour la Syrie]]
|-
|'''Official Language''' || [[French]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Algiers]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Philippe Pétain]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Maurice Janin]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Proclamation of the 4th French Republic
|   1922
|-
|'''Government'''
|Republic (currently under military junta)
|-
|'''Currency''' || French African franc
|-
|'''Area'''
| ca. 8 million sq. km.
|-
|'''Population'''
| ca. 27 million.
|-
|}

'''National France''' is a country in [[Africa]], including most of the former colonial possessions of France in Africa. It neighbours [[Liberia]] in the south-west, [[Spain]] (northern Morocco and Western Sahara) and [[Germany]] (Morocco and Sierra Leone) in the west, Ottoman [[Libya]] in the north-east, [[Egypt]] in the east and [[Mittelafrika]] in the south-east.

== History ==
== Politics ==
The loss of the homeland and the relationship with the Commune of France dominate the politics of National France. It's clear to the military junta that the homeland has to be reconquered, considering the limited number of French nationals in the country and the fact that the tuaregs and other locals won't stand the military administration for much longer. There are strong monarchist sentiments, especially among the younger officers who have formed the "Young Guard" led by colonel [[Charles de Gaulle]]

'''President of France:''' [[Philippe Pétain]]

'''Head of Government:''' [[Maurice Janin]]

'''Minister of Foreign Affairs:''' [[Paul Baudouin]]

'''Minister of Finance and of National Economy:''' [[Eugène Schueller]]

'''Minister of Interior:''' [[Eugène Deloncle]]

'''Head of Military Intelligence:''' [[André Dewavrin]]

'''Chief of the General Staff:''' [[Charles Huntziger]]

'''Chief of the Armed Forces:''' [[François de La Rocque]]

'''Commander-in-Chief of the French Navy:''' [[Jean-François Darlan]]

'''Commander-in-Chief of the French Air Force:''' [[Jean Mermoz]]

== Military ==
The military has two main goals, one being the liberation of mainland France and the other is keeping the local dissidents in check. A huge share of national budget is reserved for the military so the military could achieve these goals. The military suffers from old equipment and the fact that the majority of the armed forces consists mainly of the locals, who don't share the ideals of the military command. Practically all officers are French.
=== Army ===
The Army (Armée de terre) is relatively small, considering the huge land area that Nationalist France controls. Its duties are to secure the northern coast of Algeria, where the industry, military bases and most of the French nationals reside. The army has some armor in use and the use and development of tanks has been strongly supported by de Gaulle and his Young Guard. The Foreign Legion is an elite unit of the army and is currently situated in Algiers. The current Chief of Army is [[François de La Rocque]]
=== Navy ===
The Marine nationale consists mainly of the units that joined the Nationalists during the French civil war. When defeat was certain, the Nationalist leaders fled the mainland to Africa and the navy followed. It's the strongest part of the armed forces of National France. Most of the ships are from the Weltkrieg-era cruisers and the country lacks the resources to modernize the navy. Still, some newer ships have been built in the Dakar dockyards. The current Chief of Navy is admiral [[Jean-François Darlan]]
=== Air Force ===
The French Air Force (Armée de l'Air, ALA) is restricted to one bomber squadron is as such very ill equipped in waging a war in the air. It is clear that the ALA needs fighters, but so far the budget reserved for the air force hasn't been sufficient to develop the ALA any further. The current Chief of Air Force is [[Jean Mermoz]]
== Foreign Relations ==

National France is a part of alliance (the [[Entente]]) with [[Canada]], [[Australasian Confederation]], [[Caribbean Federation]] and [[Delhi]].

Friendly relations with [[United States]], [[Russia]], [[Japan]], [[Italian Federation]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Germany]], [[Austria]], [[Union of Britain]] and [[Socialist Republic of Italy]].

National France has openly hostile relations with [[Commune of France]] and claims all of mainland France for itself.

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:African countries]] [[Category:Entente]]

Egypt

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:48 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Jamhaw

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Al-Mamlakah al-Miṣrayyah''' '''Kingdom of Egypt'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 |http://flagspot.net/images/e/eg-1923.gif
http://flagspot.net/images/e/eg)39.gif
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Egypt
|}
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' As-Salaam Al-Malakey Al-Misry
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Arabic
|-
|'''Capital''' || Cairo
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Abbas II]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Ali Mahir Pasha]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - First Dynasty
|   c.3150 BC
|-
|  - Independence from United Kingdom
|  28 February 1922
|-
|'''Government'''
|Constitutional Monarchy
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Egyptian pound
|-
|'''Area'''
|3 508 263 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 21 millions
|-
|}

'''Egypt''', also known as '''Egypt-Sudan''', is a country in north-east Africa. It borders the Mediterranean to the north, the [[Germany|German held Suez Canal]] to the east, [[Abyssinia]] to the southeast, [[Mittelafrika]] to the south and [[National France]] and [[Libya]] to the west.

== History ==
The History of modern Egypt conventionally begins from 1882 when Egypt became part of the British sphere of influence in the region, a situation that conflicted with Egypt's position as part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. In 1914 the Protectorate was made official, and the title of the head of state, which had changed from pasha to khedive in 1867, was changed to sultan, to repudiate the vestigial suzerainty of the Ottoman sultan, who was backing the Central powers in the [[Weltkrieg]]. [[Abbas II]] was deposed as khedive and replaced by his uncle, Husayn Kamil, as sultan. Upon his death in 1917, his only son, Prince Kamal al-Din Husayn, declined the succession, and Husayn Kamil's brother Ahmed Fuad ascended the throne as Fuad I. With the signing of the [[Peace with Honour]], Egypt remained under British control. However, Arab nationalism led to violent riots which convinced the British to unilaterally declare Egyptian independence in 1922, abolishing the protectorate and establishing an independent Kingdom of Egypt. Britain retained control of the Canal Zone, Sudan and Egypt's external protection. When the [[1925 British Revolution]] broke out, Egypt occupied Sudan, but was forced to give control over the Suez Canal to Germany. Fuad I, who was seen as a British puppet, was forced to flee and was replaced by its predecessor and nephew Abbas II. With the decline of the Ottoman Empire in recent years, Arab nationalism is on the rise and the Egyptian government decided to organise a Congress of Arab Nations, the first one of which will be held in 1937. Some observers believe that together with [[Hashemite Arabia]], they might try to free the Arabs still living under Ottoman rule.

== Politics ==
'''King of Egypt''': H.R.H. [[Abbas II]]

'''Prime minister''': [[Ali Mahir Pasha]]

'''Minister of Foreign Affairs''': Wasef Boutros Ghali

'''Minister of Finance''': Muhammad Mahmoud Pasha

'''Minister of Security''': Mustafa an-Nahhas Pasha

'''Head of Military Intelligence''': Pierre Lacau

'''Chief of Staff''': Hassan Sabry Pasha

'''Chief of Army''': Hassan Sirry Pasha

'''Chief of Navy''': Abdallah Ziwar Pasha

'''Chief of Air Force''': Abdelhamid Soliman

==Military==
The Royal Egyptian Army has the duty to defend long borders with the neighbouring countries. It comprise five infantry divisions and three cavalry divisions, together with a couple of reserve militias and one garrison.

The Royal Egyptian Fleet consist of five heavy cruisers, three light cruisers and two destroyers. The Royal Egyptian Air Force was recently formed, but it is still training its pilots and cannot provide air cover yet.

== Foreign relations ==
Friendly relations [[Hashemite Arabia]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Ottoman Empire]], [[Libya]], [[Germany]] and [[Mittelafrika]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:African countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Abyssinia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:44 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Area11

Armenia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:43 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Matej von Jakubčo

Azerbaijan

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:18:42 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Area11

Persia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:17:03 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by AC

== Politics ==

Persia is a constitutional monarchy under the Qajar Dynasty.

== History ==
In 1901 Muzzafir al-Din Shah, in order to finance his continued wealth and that of his court at the expense of the country awarded key oil concessions to William D’Arcy, a British subject living in Persia. In one fell swoop Britain had at her disposal the greatest source of oil in the Middle East, and the protection of the control of this oil became the overriding goal of British politics in the Middle East. The D’Arcy concession was followed by others, and soon Persia was strangled by foreign economic control. This aroused the bazaari class, the merchants, guilds, and moneylenders who were the heart of the economy, to anger. The Shah had, through the concessions, deprived them of their livelihood and threatened to destroy them all. Clearly something had to be done. In this the bazaaris found allies in two unlikely places. The first was the reform movement. A motley collection of men and women, even members of the Qajar nobility, who had become dissatisfied with the corruption of the Imperial Court and the exploitation of their country, they sought a revolution to modernize Persia. The second was the ulema, the Shi’a Islamic clergy. The ulema and the bazaaris had allied once before during the tobacco protests in 1890, but in general the clergy and the merchant class rarely cooperated. The three forces melded together to form the Nezhat-e-Mashrooteh, the Constitutional Movement. In 1905 two merchants were bastinadoed (a punishment where the bottom of the feet are beaten) in public because of the rates they charged for their goods. In answer the NM called for a general uprising against the Shah. From the sanctuary of a Tehran mosque the reformers issued their demands for a modern constitution and a national assembly of the people. At first Muzzafir al-Din Shah simply ignored the protestors and ordered the mosque to be cleared, violating the sanctuary status of the building. This backfired on the Royalist cause and the NM simply took up refuge in a second mosque, outside Tehran. The common people poured into the streets and joined the call for a constitution. When Royalist forces executed a Sayyid, a descendant of Mohammed in the early part of the following year events spun out of control. By August, 1906 the Shah was cornered and caved in. Within a month the first assembly, called the Majlis, was convened. The Majlis worked quickly, and created the Fundamental Law, which became the Constitution. Muzzafir al-Din Shah initially resisted the passing of the Fundamental Law on the grounds that the Shah should retain some authority. The Majlis objected to this but amended the constitution to suit royal demands, which among other things made it so that all laws had to be signed by the Shah to become law and most infamously allowed the Shah to appoint and dismiss Prime Ministers as he pleased. The revised Fundamental Law was signed on December 31st, 1906 to mass celebration in the streets of Tehran. Within 5 days of the passing of the Fundamental Law the Shah was dead, and his son Mohammed Ali succeeded him.

The reign of Mohammed Ali was fraught with tension. Although he made a grand show of his support for the new Constitution of Persia in reality the new Shah schemed to restore the old absolutist system. In the early days of 1907 the Majlis formulated the Supplementary Fundamental Law, a basic Bill of Rights. But unlike other similar documents the Supplementary Fundamental Law was adjusted by the ulema to adhere to Shari’a Law. Mohammed Ali dragged his feet however, determined to bring the new government crashing down. With the outbreak of food riots and protests by the common masses against the bazaaris it appeared that a return to absolutism was not so far fetched. A split in the ulema resulted in many prominent clerics denouncing the Majlis as in violation of the tenets of Islam. When Great Britain and Russia divided Persia into spheres of influence as part of the August 31st agreement that saw the formation of the Triple Entente it had dire consequences on Persian political stability. The Shah’s supporters capitalized on the event as proof of the weakness of democracy. In June 1908 Mohammed Ali Shah ordered V. P. Liakhov, commander of the elite Persian Cossack Division to open fire on the Majlis. The Persian Civil War had begun. The civil war demonstrated once and for all that the time of the absolutist monarch was past, as the Shah’s army proved incapable of fighting the constitutional partisans. In July 1909 horsemen loyal to the Bakhtiyari Xan (Persian spelling of Khan) Sardar Assad stormed Tehran and defeated the Persian Cossack Division with the aid of a force of Azerbaijan rebels. Mohammed Ali Shah was deposed the following month by the restored Majlis and exiled to Russia. In his place the Majlis elevated the 11-year-old Ahmad, creating him Ahmad Shah. Following this victory the Majlis began to break down as the unity of the Nezhat-e-Mashrooteh evaporated. The old party survived but new political parties, the most powerful being the Hezb-e-Demokrat-e-Iran, the Democratic Party of Iran, and the Hezb-e-Vatan, the Homeland Party, were formed. The loss of unity shattered what little stability that Persia had and the country descended into anarchy. In 1911 the British and the Russians directly intervened militarily, the British to protect the newly discovered oil within the D’Arcy concession, the Russians in support Mohammed Ali. Despite the disunity of the nation Mohammed Ali was defeated a second time and driven into exile for good. The Russians returned before the end of the year, this time to demand the removal of William Morgan Shuster. Shuster was an American who was retained by the Majlis to handle finances. At this point he had done a splendid job, and Persia looked to make an economic recovery. But Shuster’s progress concerned the Russians when he began to go after corrupt officials in Russian employ. So they marched on Tehran demanded the American be sacked. The Majlis refused and it looked like a war would break out when in December, 1911 Shu'a al-Saltaneh, Ahmad’s uncle and the Prince Regent dismissed William Shuster. Following the Russian withdrawal the Prince Regent dissolved the Majlis.

Now we reach the point of divergence. In 1916, while the [[Weltkrieg]] whirled all around, the young Shah of Persia came of age and took the throne for real. Ahmad Shah, despite his youth and inexperience, genuinely cared for the Persian people and country. Unlike his father Ahmad did not desire absolute power and never wanted to exceed his limits as a constitutional monarch. He believed in the Fundamental Law, and saw no reason to break it. Unfortunately he was surrounded by incompetent and greedy ministers, many of them foreign puppets. For the early years of his reign he did not have the Majlis to help him, as the last sitting session had dissolved itself due to Russian pressure the year previous. When the February Revolution of 1917 resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nikolai II it changed the progress of the Weltkrieg and Persia. When the Bolsheviks launched a coup in October there was much fear in Tehran of what the British would do. From their occupation zone in the southeastern provinces the British surprisingly did nothing at all, being far more concerned with the German military redeployments and events on the Mesopotamia and Palestine fronts (POD in history they put Persia under military occupation to fight the Bolsheviks, a situation which resulted in the 1919 Anglo-Persian Agreement which killed the Qajar dynasty). Meanwhile the Jangali Movement, a radical rebellion started by Mirza Kuchak Xan and the Society of Islamic Union, became progressively bolder. This became a significant problem after the central government granted the White forces asylum in Persia, in a show of mercy. Together with the Persian Cossack Division, which had survived the fall of Mohammed Ali Shah, and other Persian armed forces, the White Russians rallied and successfully defeated the Jangalis in battle in 1918. The Cossacks were charged with insuring the destruction of the Jangali movement. In 1919 the situation took a rapidly different course. In the Weltkrieg the Entente collapsed with the surrender of France and Italy, leaving Britain to stand alone. In panic the British decided to abandon their zone of influence in Persia, and pulled out. The southeast fell into turmoil in the power vacuum, although attempts to calm the region were soon underway. Meanwhile the various White Russian factions pulled together at the Congress of Omsk, and the remaining Russians in Persia decided to head for home. A minority opted to stay and continue to serve.

In 1921 with the end of the Weltkrieg Ahmad Shah felt confidant enough to recall the Majlis back into session after 5 years. The Fourth Majlis soon gained the moniker of the ‘The Assembly of Revenge’. The returning delegates had spent the interregnum on the run, hiding from the British and the Russians and the many different rebels. But with the assembly back in session the Majlis was out for blood. The first thing they did was revoke all concessions made by the Persian government since Muzzafir al-Din Shah reigned. This included the D’Arcy concession, which had become the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. The APOC, long the sore spot of many Persian politicians was nationalized before the year was out. Spearheading the effort was a young Qajar prince and Minister of Finance, Mohammed Mosaddeq, the nephew of the nation’s senior politician Prince Abdul Husayn Farman Farma. With the leadership of the new Prime Minister and leading general, Ahmad Qavam, the nation looked like it would make a recovery. Meanwhile the Persian Cossack Division finally brought the Jangali Movement to heel, and the former Russian zone finally knew a semblance of peace. Mirza Kuchak Xan was captured and publicly hanged in Tehran in a strong show of force by the Majlis. In 1923 Ahmad Shah left Persia to take in the new world situation. The height of the tour was the visit to Berlin, where Ahmad Shah and Mohammed Hassan, his brother and heir, was received with pomp by Germany’s victorious monarch, Wilhelm II in 1924. During the visit the German Imperial Chancellor, Alfred von Tripitz, made allusions to the Shah about the possibility of German aid to Persia in exchange for a treaty of friendship. Ahmad Shah had grown up surrounded by such language and recognized it for what it was: Germany wanted to replace Britain and Russia as the new foreign hegemon. In a famous reply the Shah reminded the German Chancellor that Persia was a free nation, with a constitution, that while at times on shaky ground was solid and in power by the will of the people themselves. Ahmad Shah was not going comprise the integrity of his nation for anyone. The message was clear and von Tripitz dropped the matter, perhaps at the insistence of Wilhelm II. The Shah spent the remainder of his time aboard in Italy attending his father who had settled there in exile. When the old man died in April 1925 Ahmad and Mohammed Hassan oversaw his funeral and returned eastward with the body, burying it in the Qajar Family Crypt in the Shrine of Imam Husayn, Karbala, within the Ottoman Empire. The Fourth Majlis dismissed itself soon after the return of the Royal brothers. The succeeding assembly was much more conciliatory then the ‘Assembly of Revenge’ but was fraught with the same inter-party strife that had afflicted some many previous sessions. Distressed by the strife Ahmad Shah approached the Majlis to ask them put their differences aside for Persia’s sake. While political turmoil continued the Shah’s plea caught their attention, and resulted in the popular coalition government of Abdulhusayn Teymurtash. Teymurtash was the youngest delegate in the Majlis but he was already famous for abilities as a minister and his patriotism. With wide ranged support the Teymurtash government oversaw the rebuilding of Persia, resulting in various court honors. The coalition broke down in 1932 when the Prime Minister attempted a radical secularization program. Teymurtash, like many members of reform movement, had been angered by the compromise with the ulema they had been forced into during the drafting of the Fundamental Law. His vision was of a secular Persia, with no clerical role in government. Teymurtash’s support for the Congress of Eastern Women, a political movement inspired by Women’s Rights movements in the Western world brought the matter to a head. The clergy proved triumphant over the secularists in the ensuing political war, and Ahmad Shah was forced to dismiss his favorite Prime Minister by the end of the year. Frustrated by the conflict the former Prime Minister retired from public life in 1933.

Now we enter the modern time. In 1936 Qajar Persia is still a struggling nation, but one with promise. The Teymurtash Government had done much to set the nation on the modernizing path. Ahmad Shah continues to reign and the year previous oversaw the inauguration of the Tenth Majlis. The current Prime Minister is HIH Prince Firuz Nosrat ed-Dowleh, the eldest son of the Grand Old Man of Persia, Prince Abdul Husayn Farman Farma. Prince Firuz’s Government is mostly stable, except for a loose cannon in the form of Minister of War Reza Xan. Reza was formerly a solider in the Persian Cossack Division who became the first Persian to actually command the unit, until his dismissal in 1921 for excessive brutality in the fight against the Jangalis. But Prince Farman Farma, under whom Reza had formerly served, managed to salvage the young man’s career. Reza Xan quickly became the foremost military man in Persia, aside from Ahmad Qavam. But his low birth and questionable methods have kept Reza Xan in check for now. His greatest opponent is the popular returning Finance Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq, who has held the position now for more times then even the Shah can remember. Diplomatically Persia has been forced by necessity into closer relations with Imperial Germany and her hegmonial alliance, the Mitteleuropa. The long lived [[Alexander Kerensky|Kerensky]] Government in Russia had forged some ties with Persia, and while still wary of the Russians with good reason the Russian immigrant community still has some effect on Tehran. Relations with the rest of the Entente are unexpectedly still cold. Years of British abuse are hard to forgive. The syndicalists are, internationally and internally, Ahmad Shah’s greatest worry. In the late 1920s syndicalist agents working for the Commune of France created the underground Hezb-e Tudeh Iran, or simply Tudeh, the Communist Party of Iran. The Tudeh quickly proclaimed itself the successor of the Jangalis, and was ruthlessly hunted down by the Persian Cossack Division. Recent measures by the Majlis against the Bakhtiyari and other nomad groups in a new measure to centralize the nation are causing dangerous murmuring about a repeat of 1909. Lastly the Tenth Majlis will end in 1937 and who knows what the new elections will bring...

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Asian countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Alash Orda

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:58 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Tchourakoff

Mongolia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:58 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by RainbowFire

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Monggol_ulus.svg/50px-Monggol_ulus.svg.png''' '''Mongolyn Ezent Guren''' '''Mongol Empire'''
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://img505.imageshack.us/img505/6099/resizedmongoliaju2.gif
 Flag of the Mongolian Empire
|}
|-
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' [[Erelkheg Mongolyn zoltoi arduud!]] ''(Shine, people of brave Mongolia!)''
|-
|-
|-
|-
| align=center colspan=2 |[[Image:Mongolia.JPG|250px|Mongolia in relation to its neighbors]]
|-
|'''Official Language''' || [[Mongolian]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Urga]]
|-
|'''Khaan''' || [[Roman Ungern Von Sternberg]](era name: Chinggis Khaan)
|-
|'''First Counsellor''' || [[Demcuydungrub]]
|-
|'''Establishment (de facto)'''   - Formation of the Mongol Empire
|  1206
|-
|-
|'''Re-Establishment'''   - Independence from Qing Dynasty
|  December 29, 1911
|-
|'''Government'''
|Absolutist Monarchy
|-
|'''Currency''' || [[Togrog]]
|-
|'''Area'''
| 1,564,116 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
| circa 2,407,500
|-
|}

The '''Mongol Empire''' (Classic Mongolian: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Monggol_ulus.svg/30px-Monggol_ulus.svg.png Latinized Mongolian: '''Mongolyn Ezent Guren''') is a nation in Asia. It is typically classified as being a part of East Asia, although sometimes it is considered part of Central Asia, and its northern holdings extend into Siberia. It is bordered by [[Russia]] to the north, the [[Fengtien Republic]] to the east, the [[Qing Empire]] to the southeast, [[Xibei Lianbang Yiyuan]] to the south and [[Alash Orda]] to the west. Mongolia is currently under the rule of the despot [[Roman Ungern Von Sternberg]]. Its capital and largest city is Urga.

== History ==

(Needs Much more text, this is copied from scenario's description)

Once the greatest empire in the world, the land of Genghis Khan has long had to struggle for it's independence. Though freed from Chinese rule following the collapse of the ruling Manchu dynasty in 1911, Mongolia's independence was not recognized by the new Republic of China, and therefore Mongolia increasingly turned to Russia for it's continued survival. Yet, the unexpected Russian Revolution of 1917 placed Mongolia in a vulnerable position, with the [[Russian Civil War]] soon spilling over the border into its protectorate. After suffering from an invasion by a Chinese warlord army, there was a counter-invasion of White Russian forces under Baron [[Roman Ungern Von Sternberg]], who established himself as ruler of Mongolia. Eager to maintain the security of their southern flank, the remaining White Generals recognized [[Roman Ungern Von Sternberg]]'s government, believing that he would pursue a pro-Russian foreign policy. However, the Baron had other ideas. While Civil War raged within European Russia, Mongolian forces with Japanese diplomatic support seized and announced their sovereignty over a significant section of the Transiberian Railroad. [[Alexander Kerensky|Kerensky]] had no choice but to accept this, to avoid the complete strangulation and isolation of Russian troops in Europe and the Far-East. Sternberg then set to work promoting his political authority in Mongolia, and developing a powerful military apparatus. After the unsuccessful [[The Blue Revolution|Blue Revolution]] in 1926, he is now too powerful for a weak Russian government to dislodge, and any crisis in Russia or China may inspire him to make his claims to be Khan of All Mongols a reality...

== Politics ==
WIP

== Military ==
WIP

== Culture ==
WIP

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Asian countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Poland

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:41 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Vidm0

Sweden

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:36 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Admin

'''Sweden''', officially the '''Kingdom of Sweden''' (''Konungariket Sverige'' in Swedish) It borders [[Norway]] to the west, [[Finland]] to the east and [[Denmark]] to the south.
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Konungariket Sverige''' '''Kingdom of Sweden'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i189.photobucket.com/albums/z230/Neukkunatsi/swedenflag.png
 Flag of the Kingdom of Sweden
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i189.photobucket.com/albums/z230/Neukkunatsi/swedencoa.jpg
 Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Sweden
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Med folket för fosterlandet (With the people for the Fatherland'')
|-
|align=center colspan=2 | http://img254.imageshack.us/img254/3265/swedenexp1.png
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' [[Du Gamla, Du fria]]
|-
| align=center colspan=2 |
 
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Swedish
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Stockholm]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Gustav V]]
|-
|'''Head of government''' || [[Per Albin Hansson]]
|-
|'''Establishment''' 
|   Prehistoric
|-
|'''Government'''
|Constitutional Monarchy
|-
|'''Currency''' || Swedish krona
|-
|'''Area'''
|ca. 450.000 km^2
|-
|'''Population'''
|6,266,888
|-
|}

'''Swedish Empire'''

The seventeenth century saw the rise of Sweden as one of the Great Powers in Europe. Sweden also had colonial possessions as a minor colonial Empire that existed from 1638-1663 and later 1785-1878.

Sweden was during Imperial times the most powerful country of northern Europe and the Baltic Sea. Sweden's Imperial status took its start with [[Gustav II Adolph]] as king, and his successful participation in the [[Thirty Years' War]], which made Sweden the recognized leader of Continental Protestantism in Europe until 1721 when the Empire collapsed.[citation needed] Sweden's Imperial status during this period is largely credited to Gustav I's major changes on the Swedish economy in the mid-1500s, and his introduction of Protestantism.

The mid 1600s and the early 1700s were Sweden's most successful years as a Great Power. Sweden reached its largest territorial extent during the rule of [[Charles X]] (1622-1660) after the treaty of Roskilde in 1658. However, after more than a half century of almost constant warfare the Swedish economy had deteriorated. It would become the lifetime task of Charles' son, Charles XI (1655-1697), to rebuild the economy and refit the army. His legacy to his son, the coming ruler of Sweden [[Charles XII]], was one of the finest arsenals in the world, a large standing army and a great fleet. Sweden's largest threat at this time, [[Russia]], had a larger army but was far behind in both equipment and training. The Swedish army crushed the Russians at the Battle of Narva in 1700, one of the first battles of the Great Northern War. This led to an overambitious campaign against Russia in 1707, however, ending in a decisive Russian victory at the Battle of Poltava in 1709. The campaign had a successful opening for Sweden, which came to occupy half of Poland and making Charles able to claim the Polish throne. But after a long march exposed by cossack raids, the Russian Tsar [[Peter the Great]]'s scorched-earth techniques and the cold Russian climate, the Swedes stood weakened with a shattered confidence, and enormously outnumbered against the Russian army at Poltava. The defeat meant the beginning of the end for Sweden as Empire.

Even though Sweden had lost almost half of its army during these times of intense war, [[Charles XII]] still attempted to invade [[Norway]] 1716. Soundly defeated in the war, the Swedish head of state signed the Treaty of Nystad in 1721. Forced to cede large areas of land, Sweden also lost its place as an empire and as the dominant state on the Baltic Sea. With Sweden's lost influence, Russia began to emerge as an empire, and become one of Europe's dominant nations.

In the eighteenth century, Sweden did not have enough resources to maintain its territories outside Scandinavia and most of them were lost, culminating with the 1809 loss of the territory once named Österland(Eastern district) and the eastern part of Norrland to Russia: these parts became the semi-autonomous (Duchy) of [[Finland]] of Imperial Russia.

After [[Denmark-Norway]] was defeated in the [[Napoleonic wars]], Norway was ceded to the king of Sweden on January 14, 1814, at the Treaty of Kiel. The Norwegian attempts to keep their status as a sovereign state were rejected by the Swedish king, Charles XIII. He launched a military campaign against Norway on July 27, 1814, ending in the Convention of Moss, which forced Norway into a personal union with Sweden, which was not dissolved until 1905. The 1814 campaign was also the last war in which Sweden participated as a combatant.

'''Recent history'''

Sweden remained neutral during the Weltkrieg. It did, however, let Finnish students travel through on their way to Germany for their Jaeger training. Sweden invaded the Åland islands during the [[Finnish Civil War]], which caused a lot of bad blood between the two nations. The crisis was solved with Germany acting as the middle-man, favouring the Finns quite openly and giving them the control of the islands. The Swedish internal policies are dominated by the question of either staying neutral in a very polarized Europe or picking a side. This, combined with neighbours that are slipping to opposing sides of a possible future conflict, means that the coming parliamentary elections might be the most important ever.

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Burma

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:34 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Carmen510

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Union of Burma''' '''Union of Burma'''
</big></big>
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' ''Kaba Ma Kyei'' (''Till the End of the World, Burma'')
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Burmese
|-
|'''Capital''' || Mandalay
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Sao Yang Wen Pin]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Sao Yang Wen Pin]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Konbaung Dynasty
|   21 March 1752
|-
|'''Government'''
| Presidential republic
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Kyat
|-
|'''Area'''
|Around 600 000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 10 millions
|-
|}

Burma is a country in southeast Asia. It borders [[Tibet]] to the north, [[Yunnan]] to the northeast, [[Siam]] to the east, and the [[Bharitya Commune]] to the west.

== History ==
The [[1925 British Revolution]] unavoidably caused the downfall of its once mighty colonial empire. While India proper soon cemented into three separate nation states, the status of Burma was long unclear - with Bengali, Siamese, Chinese, Native Burmese and British loyalist forces all operating in the country, the region was a chaotic patchwork of territories resembling near-Warlordism. Although the British loyalists (operating mainly from Mandalay and Rangoon), were soon crushed, the Indian states kept troops within the country until 1929 - when, fed up with the unstable situation, [[Germany|German]] and [[Allgemeine Ostasiatische Gesellschaft|AOG]]'s mediation brought an end to the hostilities. The resulting treaty awarded the eastern part of Burma to [[Siam]], and a few minor areas to [[Bengal]] and China (in reality, to [[Long Yun]]'s state of [[Yunnan]]). The peace was short-lived however, as constant infighting among local princes, and a steady influx of petty Chinese Warlords (fleeing the [[Qing Empire#Restoration|Qing restoration]] and Long Yun's expansionism) threatened to tear the country apart.

In 1936, the situation still hasn't much improved, and Burma is a well-known base of operation for pirates and bandits of all descriptions. The military has almost exclusively fallen into the hands of local elites, leaving the legitimate government with virtually no faithful troops - and therefore only able to exert direct influence over the Capital, and to certain extent over Mandalay and Rangoon. It is in this context that the [[Bengal|Bengalese]] have chosen to start spreading their 'peasant revolution' into Burma. When the day comes, will Burma be ready?

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Asian countries]]

Nepal

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:34 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Admin

[[Image:Nepal.JPG|thumb|250px|The new Nepalese Empire]]
Nepal Is a country in Central Asia. It borders [[Tibet]] to the north, [[Bhutan]] to the east, [[Bharitya Commune]] to the southeast, and [[Delhi]] to the south and west.

== Politics ==
After the ousting of the Rana regime, King Tribhuvana has attempted to break Nepal out of the ultra-isolationist, feudal society which has left it in poverty for centuries.

== History ==

After the violent withdrawal of British presence in India after the British Revolution, Nepal found itself in an unstable situation. The Rana family, which had dominated Nepalese politics for generations, found itself coming under fire. Without the British support they depended on, Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher was increasingly unable to assert his will over the teenage king Tribhuvana. At the same time, the young King of Nepal realized that now was the time to free himself from his childhood imprisonment and blackmail. So with the support of the Nepali Sena (Nepalese Army) – who had always supported the Shah Dynasty over the Ranas – several brigades of Gurkhas stormed the Narayanhiti Palace in central Kathmandu, capturing or killing all of the Rana family.

At the same time, raids in the early morning by the Nepali Sena all throughout the Kathmandu Valley and in Patan and Bhaktapur captured most of the fringes of the Rana family, who still retained loyalty to Chandra. In a swift move, one of his first as Absolute Monarch, King Tribhuvana ordered the execution of all the senior Rana family, Chandra included. The resulting chaos could have torn Nepal apart, but the military held it together, barely. Not long after the executions, the Nepali Sena expanded outward into the vacuum of India, occupying most of the Ganges-Yamuna basin. In 1936, the cabinet of Nepal is divided between Tribhuvana and his family, as well as disillusioned British politicians who have lost all faith in there homeland. In addition, overtures for alliance with [[Bhutan]] have elevated Nepal to a sizeable power in post-British India.

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Asian countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Princely Federation

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:32 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Admin

The Princely Federation is a nation in south India. It borders [[Delhi]] to the north, [[Bharitya Commune]] to the east and has a maritime boundary with [[Germany]] in the south.

== History ==
With the revolution of 1925 going on in Britain, the Empire collapsed and India entered a power vacuum which various factions raced to fill. The creation of a federal state in the south was more an attempt by the local rulers to protect their lands and riches from the chaos that a pre-planned act of rebellion, but nevertheless it proved a successful means of doing so. Over the course of the 1920's the Federation managed to emerge as a stable nation, and one in which each of the local princes and rajahs had a say in government.Unsurprisingly however, tensions have arisen amongst the lowers classes of society about their exclusion from the political process in the Federation, and the rajahs increasingly believe that Bengalese syndicalist influences are behind these cries of unrest. By 1936 Princely Federation has asserted control peacefully and by force across the entire southern part of the subcontinent, but further expansion is limited by the other two major regional powers to emerge from the vacuum - [[Bengal]] and [[Delhi]].However, the current balance of power suits the ruling princes of the Federation for the moment, as it prevents aggressive behaviour lest the status quo collapse like a house of cards. Perhaps the one exception to the deadlock however is the island of Ceylon, which is currently in German hands. Many of the rajahs feel that the island could all too easily act as a base for a new wave of Germanic colonial aggression into [[India]], and this fear is not eased by the fact that Germany has already refused two offers by the Federation to by the island. In 1936 then the Princely Federation is for the most part an isolationist burgher republic, focused on promoting stability and trade in a time of [[Great Depression]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Asian countries]]

Delhi

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:31 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by RainbowFire

Delhi is a nation in northwest India. It borders [[Xibei Lianbang Yiyuan]] to the north, [[Tibet]] to the northeast, [[Nepal]] and the [[Bharitya Commune]] to the east, the [[Princely Federation]] to the south, [[Persia]] to the west and [[Afghanistan]] to the northwest.

== History ==
In 1925 the syndicalist revolution in [[Britain]] precipitated the collapse of the British Empire, the constituent parts of which were rather abruptly left to find their own way. In [[India]] a combination of princes, rajahs, nationalists, imperialists and syndicalists started to fight for the control of the sub-continent. During those riots, some elite Sikh regiments refused to take arms against their compatriots giving an example for large numbers of other troops in the indigene army. The revolts quickly spread to the rest of India. During the chaos, amongst many other lands the short lived [[Sikh Confederacy]] fought for independance. The Sihks sought to negotiate a state of semi-autonomy with Delhi, in December 1925 a group of Sikh fanatics closed themselves in the Sikh Holy City of Armitsar. Two days later, a British soldier one [[Arthur Hale]] leading a band of ninety native soldiers armed with machines guns and mustard gas attempted too expell the rebels by force, breaking the negociations. This attack was succesful and the Dehlian forces captured the city of Amrisar, breaking the back of the Sikh rebellion.

Realising the impossibility of these tumultuous events being resolved favourably for the Empire, the Viceroy and Governor-General of India Isaacs in January 1926 chose to create a free nation in the northwest of India under his leadership in the hopes that some day the Royalists would return to Britain and the Empire be restored. The move received harsh criticism from some, India as a united colony was after all was still considered ‘the Jewel of the Empire’, but the Royalist government in [[Canada]] realised and accepted the necessity of the move in keeping a hold of the sub-continent.The new state of Delhi has thus remained in a close partnership with Canada and her allies of the former Entente, and it was agreed that in order to appease the local population [[Muhammed Shuja Al-Mulk]] should be placed on the throne as Prince of Delhi, to be advised by a mixed group of Indians and British advisors. In the decade since its formation Delhi has struggled to consolidate her position in India, clearing out several of the smaller regimes that had sprung up, and maintaining a strong front against the syndicalist forces in Bengal.However while Delhi remains strong against external threats, internal divisions are widening. Political clashes concerning national vs. regional power are resulting in a polarisation of political life, manifesting in the Sanghavadi and Rashtravadi Parties. Unless action is taken this political infighting may end up tearing Delhi apart from within. The road ahead for Delhi looks difficult no matter what course it steers.

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Entente]][[Category:Asian countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:Asian countries]]

Siam

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:29 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Carmen510

Albania

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:29 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by KanaX

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Principata e Shqipnis''' '''Principality of Albania'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Albania_1914_Flag.gif/125px-Albania_1914_Flag.gif
 Flag of Albania

|}
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Himni i Flamurit (Hymn to the Flag)
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i231.photobucket.com/albums/ee48/Cornichouille/Kaiserpedia/Countries/ALBANIAmap-1.png
 
|-

| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
|}
|-
|-
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Albanian
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Tirana]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Wilhelm I, Prince of Albania|Wilhelm I von Wied]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Ahmed Bey Zogu]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Independance
|   November 28, 1912
|-
|'''Government'''
|Autocratic monarchy, under the authority of the [[Ottoman Empire]]
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Albanian Lek
|-
|'''Area'''
|28,748 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 1 million
|-
|}

'''Albania''' is a country in Southeast Europe. It borders [[Croatia]], a constituent part of [[Austria]]-[[Hungary]], to the north, [[Bulgaria]] to the east and [[Greece]] to the south.

== History ==
In 15th century, Albanian national hero Skanderbeg fought back the Turkish invaders. However after his death and the fall of Krujas and Shkodra the country came under four centuries of foreign rule. Large numbers of the population converted to Islam in the 16th and 17th century, allowing them to rise into the highest offices - eleven Grand Veziers came from Albania and Mohammed Ali founded a dynasty in [[Egypt]] in 1805. The Islamization brought support for the resistance against [[Serbia|Serbs]] and [[Greece|Greek]] as well as against the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule itself. Only at the end of the 19th century the national renaissance began with the founding of the League of Prizren. During the First Balkans War in 1912 the Albanian national congress in Vlore declared the country's independence which was accepted by the major powers in 1913 upon the condition that [[Wilhelm_I%2C_Prince_of_Albania|Wilhelms of Wied]] would be accepted as Prince.

The outbreak of the [[Weltkrieg]] presented more problems for the country as [[Austria]]-[[Hungary]] demanded Albanian soldiers to fight alongside them. When Prince Wilhelm refused, citing the neutrality of Albania in the Treaty of London, the remuneration that he had been receiving was cut off. His regime collapsed and Prince Wilhelm left the country on September 3 1914 and joined the Imperial German Army, even if formally he still was the Albanian Head Of State.

On 1921, the Peace with Honour officially determined the status of Albania: a restored principality under the authority of the Prince Wilhelm, not under [[Austria|Austrian]] influence anymore, but as a formal vassal of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] caliph. Even if revolts started to break out, Prince Wilhelm was able to regain control of the country thanks to the Ottoman support. However, the price he had to pay was the Ottoman control over the country's inner politics, such as forcing the Prince to appoint the very ambitious [[Ahmed Bey Zogu|Ahmed Zogu]] as his Prime Minister.

==Politics==

{{image|http://i231.photobucket.com/albums/ee48/Cornichouille/Kaiserpedia/Countries/ALBANIAgov.png|left|COF|The Albanian government}}

'''Sovereign Prince of Albania:''' His Highness [[Wilhelm I]] (Skanderbeg II) von Wied (born 26 March 1876)

'''Prime Minister and Director of Secret Police:''' [[Ahmed Bey Zogu]] (born 8 October 1895)

'''Minister of Foreign Affairs:''' Fuat Aslam

'''Minister of Finance:''' Ruok Geraj

'''Minister of Internal Affairs and Commander-in-Chief of the Albanian Army Air Service:''' Jocelyn Percy (born 1871)

'''Inspector General of the Military Department:''' Qemal Komani

'''Commander-in-Chief of the Albanian Gendarmerie:''' Stefkhi Shatun

'''Commander-in-Chief of the Albanian Naval Forces:''' Quamar Pakazi

 

== Military ==
=== Army ===
Albania has a very small army, usually used only to repress the occasional revolt, and his defence is guaranteed by the presence of Ottoman troops inside its borders.

Because of the country's poor economy and the interference of the Ottoman Empire, Albania never attempted a military naval or air program, despite the presence of a decent airport and a good port in its capital Tirana.

== Foreign relations ==
Under the political, economic and military authority of the [[Ottoman Empire]].

Friendly relations with [[Germany]], [[United Baltic Duchy]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Austria]] and [[Russia]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Commune of France]], [[Union of Britain]], [[Hungary]], [[Spain]] and [[National France]].

== Culture ==

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]] [[Category:Balkan-related topics]]

White Ruthenia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:27 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Area11

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Weissruthenien''' '''White Ruthenia'''
</big></big>
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://img194.imageshack.us/img194/265/whiteruthenia2.png
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Ruthenian, German
|-
|'''Capital''' || Minsk
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Vladimir, King of White Ruthenia|Vladimir I]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Pyotr Krecheuski]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|   March 3 1918
|-
|'''Government'''
|Parliamentary monarchy
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Papiermark
|-
|'''Area'''
|Approx 200 000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 6 millions
|-
|}

'''White Ruthenia''', also known as '''Weissruthenien''', is a country in Eastern Europe. It borders the [[United Baltic Duchy]] to the north, [[Russia]] to the east, [[Ukraine]] to the southeast, [[Galicia-Lodomiera]] (part of [[Austria-Hungary]]) to the south, [[Poland]] to the southwest and [[Lithuania]] to the west.

== History ==

The lack of an historic Byelorussian state did not prevent the Germans establishing the Kingdom of 'White Ruthenia' along ethnographic lines following the successful conclusion of the [[Weltkrieg]] and the collapse of Russian power. Despite the lack of an historic identity the legitimacy of the new state was secured during the reign of Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]]’s brother Heinrich, who used the strong constitutional Royal prerogatives to promote land reform, education programs, and balance the interests of the various factions within his Kingdom.

Unfortunately upon Heinrich’s death in 1929 the throne passed to his son [[Vladimir, King of White Ruthenia|Waldemar]], who has not been able to live up to the standards set by his father. In 1936 Weissruthenien is an increasingly divided society and the young kingdom appears to be approaching a crisis as power slips away from the legitimate monarch to his younger brother [[Prince Sigismund|Sigismund]], who has managed built up a formidable power base through the ‘National Security Services’ and various Byelorussian extremist groups unhappy with the current situation.

==Politics ==
'''King of White Ruthenia''': S.K.H. [[Vladimir, King of White Ruthenia|Vladimir I]] von Hohenzollern

'''Prime Minister''': [[Pyotr Krecheuski]]

'''Foreign Minister''': Nikolay I. Gusarov

'''Armament Minister''': Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich

'''Head of the National Security Services''': [[Prince Sigismund|Sigismund von Hohenzollern]]

'''Head of Military Intelligence''': Radio Survilla

'''Chief of Staff''': Yurij B. Gamarnik

'''Chief of Army''': Bronislav Kaminski

'''Chief of Navy''': Friedrich Wilhelm Kurzr

'''Chief of Air Force''': Hans Baur

== Military ==
The Armed Forces of White Ruthenia comprise six infantry divisions (one with an artillery brigade) and are ready to follow the orders of the King... whoever he may be...

== Foreign relations ==
Lithuania is part of the [[Mitteleuropa]] military and economic alliance.

Very friendly relations with [[Germany]] and other countries in Mitteleuropa.

Friendly relations with [[Austria-Hungary]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Poland]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Mitteleuropa]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Croatia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:06 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Matej von Jakubčo

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Kraljevina Hrvatska''' '''Kingdom of Croatia'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i39.tinypic.com/2wrm3gm.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Triune_Kingdom_of_Croatia%2C_Dalmatia_and_Slavonia.PNG/85px-Triune_Kingdom_of_Croatia%2C_Dalmatia_and_Slavonia.PNG
 Flag and Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Croatia

|}
|-
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Croatian
|-
|'''Capital''' || Zagreb
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Otto II, King of Hungary|Otto II]] von Habsburg, represented by Governor Alojzije Stepinac
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || Vladimir Laxa
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - 1867 [[Ausgleich]]
|   May 29, 1867
|-
|  - Hungarian-Croatian Settlement
|  1868
|-
|-
|'''Government'''
|Parliamentary monarchy, secondary constituent state of [[Austria-Hungary]] under the control of the [[Hungary|Hungarian Crown]]
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Austro-Hungarian krone
|-
|'''Area'''
|Approx 50 000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
| About 3,75 millions
|-
|}

'''Croatia''' is a secondary constituent of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy]] under the control of the [[Hungary|Hungarian Crown]]. It borders [[Serbia]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Albania]] and, within the Dual Monarchy, the areas of [[Austria]], [[Bosnia]] and [[Hungary]].

== History ==

The Kingdom of Croatia was an administrative division (kingdom) of Royal Hungary in the Habsburg Monarchy from 1527 to 1867. The loss of Croatian domestic autonomy was rectified a year after the [[Ausgleich|Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]], when in 1868 the Hungarian-Croatian Settlement was negotiated. Under the terms of the Settlement, the governor (ban) of Croatia was appointed by Hungary, 55% percent of all tax money went to Budapest and Hungary had authority over the sea port of Rijeka (something that was reportedly not part of the Settlement actually agreed upon). In exchange, the Kingdom of Croatia received autonomy in administrative, educational, and judicial affairs.

In 1883 the country was threatened by Magyarization under ban Khuen-HÃ©dervÃ¡ry whose two decades of rule were marked by political and public demonstrations, and ended in 1903 with violent rioting. During his time as ban, the Hungarian language came into official use and Hungarian symbols were brought alongside the national symbols of the Croats. Khuen was forced to deal with many protests, including one during the 1895 visit of King Franz Joseph: at the opening of the Croatian National Theatre which the King was attending, a group of students burned the Hungarian flag. After a series of riots broke out against him in 1903, Khuen was relieved of his duty and appointed prime minister of Hungary.

During the [[Weltkrieg]], Croatian territory was not the site of any major battles, but the Croatian soldiers did participate in the gruesome winter battles of the Eastern Front with losses numbered in tens of thousands.

==Politics==
Croatia is a parliamentary monarchy, as a constituent part of Austria-Hungary. King [[Otto II, King of Hungary|Otto II]] von Habsburg is represented by Governor Alojzije Stepinac and the government is led by Minister-President Vladimir Laxa.

Struggle towards more independence within the Dual Monarchy was interrupted by the [[Weltkrieg]] and the [[Ausgleich#1927 Ausgleich|renegotiations of the Ausgleich in 1927]] allowed Croatia to finally reclaim Dalmatian provinces from Austrian part of monarchy. However, the growing power and nationalism of Hungary is perceived as a threat by the Croats who are afraid that in the Ausgleich of 1937 they will be forced to make some concessions or even face an open Magyarization of their lands.

== Military ==
Croatia is under the military authority of [[Hungary]] and has only a small poorly-trained army composed of three division at half strength used only for the repression of protests.

== Foreign relations ==
Under the political, economic and military authority of [[Hungary]].

Very good relations with [[Austria]], [[Hungary]] and [[Germany]].

Friendly relations with [[Spain]], [[White Ruthenia]], [[United Baltic Duchy]], [[Italian Federation]] and [[Russia]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Ottoman Empire]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]] [[Category:Austro-Hungarian-related topics]]

Finland

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:16:06 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Area11

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Suomen Kuningaskunta''' '''Kingdom of Finland'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i189.photobucket.com/albums/z230/Neukkunatsi/fi-st18baaaaa.jpg
 Flag of the Kingdom of Finland
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i189.photobucket.com/albums/z230/Neukkunatsi/fincoa2.png
''Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Finland''
 
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background:#f9f9f9;" | http://editthis.info/images/kaiserreich/thumb/8/8d/Finland.JPG/150px-Finland.JPG
 
|-
|'''Official Language''' || [[Finnish]]
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Fredrik Kaarle I]] von Hesse-Kassel
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Vihtori Kosola]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Declaration of Independence
|   6th of December 1917
|-
|'''Government'''
|Constitutional Monarchy
|-
|'''Currency''' || [[Suomen Markka]]
|-
|'''Motto'''
|Vapaa, Vankka, Vakaa ''(Free, Firm, Stable)''
|-
|'''Anthem'''
|[[Maamme]]
|-
|'''Area'''
|361,470 sq.km
|-
|'''Population'''
|3 612 400
|-
|}

Finland is a country in Northern Europe. It borders [[Norway]] to the north, [[Russia]] to the east and [[Sweden]] to the west. It is mainly inhabited by Finns, but there are Sami and Swedish minorities as well.

== Political System ==
Finland is governed by a highly authoritarian right-wing government. The King has significant political power compared to other monarchs in the nearby regions. The Lapua movement holds all important governmental positions, and could be considered the only political party in the state.

== Military ==
Finland counts on national conscription to form the bulk of the army. There are also many standing divisions deployed at the moment. Finland lacks armored divisions,mostly due to the unsuitable Finnish terrain, which consists mainly of huge forests and thousands of lakes. The airforce is non-existent, but the Navy has great value to the Lapua movement, which has great aspirations to rule the Baltic.
Still, Finland is a small nation and its military has many limits. Finland can wage a land war quite succesfully, but the other aspects of warfare need to be greatly improved if it is to stand up to it's larger neighbors.

== History ==

Finland gained her independence during the general collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917, and the country fought a brief, but bitter civil war soon after between the Reds, formed from various leftist activists, and the Whites, made up by conservative-nationalist opposition and the official government. In the end the White forces won with the help of German support, and Finland became a monarchy under the rule of prince Frederick of Hesse, who assumed the name [[Fredrik Kaarle I]].
After the civil war nationalist activism remained very strong, and various Finnish activist groups participated in the so-called "Kindred peoples wars" from the United Baltic Duchy to Petsamo in the north, with the goal of creating a united Greater Finland. When the East Karelian national revolt of 1921 threatened to escalate into a full-scale war the Germans forced a peace between Finland and Russia and the Treaty of Tartu signed later that year established a compromise, giving Finland Petsamo but placing East Karelia out of their reach. The treaty also forced Sweden to recognize Finnish control of the Åland Islands, an act of coercion that has created much bad blood between the Central Powers and Sweden.

Finland had now reached a new height of expansion, but many were still dissatisfied. Rumours of a massacre of Karelians in Russia, worldwide anti-democratic sentiment and strong national activism served as the catalysts that gave birth to the Lapua Movement, which started as an anti-leftist organization but quickly developed much more ambitious aims. In 1932 the Lapua Movement gathered its forces and started a revolt in Mäntsälä. Enjoying widespread support, most importantly from voluntary defence organizations, the Movement clearly presented a threat to the existing order. In response to this threat, Fredrik Kaarle I decided that it would be best to join with the Movement rather than fight it, doing so by dismissing the parliament and requesting the Lapua Movement to form a new government.

== Foreign Relations ==

Friendly relations with: [[Germany]], [[United Baltic Duchy]], [[Ukraine]]

Cold relations with: [[Sweden]], [[Russia]], [[Commune of France]]

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Mitteleuropa]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Hungary

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:15:31 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Matej von Jakubčo

Netherlands

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:14:57 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Jamhaw

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Koninkrijk der Nederlanden''' '''Kingdom of the Netherlands'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Netherlands
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Ik zal handhaven (I shall stand fast)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Het Wilhelmus
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://img530.imageshack.us/img530/6908/netherlands.png
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Dutch
|-
|'''Capital''' || Amsterdam
|-
|'''Head of State''' || Queen [[Wilhelmina]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Hendricus Colijn]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Indipendence from the Spanish Empire
|
|-
|      Declared
|July 26 1581
|-
|      Recognized
|January 30 1648
|-
|'''Government'''
|Parliamentary Monarchy
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Dutch guilder
|-
|'''Area'''
|41 526 km²
|-
|  with colonies
|2 025 780 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 8 millions
|-
|}

'''Netherlands''' is a country in Central Europe. It borders [[Germany]] to the east and [[Flanders-Wallonia]] to the west. It also borders the German and [[Portugal|Portoguese]] colonies in Asia through the Dutch East Indies and the [[Caribbean Federation]] and [[Brazil]] in South America.

== History ==
While preserving European neutrality (the struggle against Belgium was declared an internal conflict) the Netherlands faced all the fiercer challenges in their colonies. In 1830 an uprising in Java had to be subdued by force. A war against the Sultanate Ateh, joined by various local princes, erupted on Sumatra in 1873 and could only be ended in 1904. The Cape Province, Ceylon, and the Gold Coast had been lost to Great Britain. In domestic policies an agreement was reached between the crown and the growing liberal movement in 1848. Wilhelm II, under influence by Liberal leader Jan Rudolf Thorbecke, installed a liberal constitution which transformed the country into a parliamentary monarchy. Thorbecke became the first prime minister and fortified the - by the time's standards - modern system of government. Internally, the Netherlands stabilized herself permanently, with only the census based suffrage being a major point of conflict till universal and equal suffrage was introduced in 1917. Only in 1894 a Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) was formed and, unlike her European cousins of the time, it aimed at reforms and not revolutions. Their strict neutrality qualified the Netherlands as host for the great congresses of 1899 and 1905, during which, among other things, the Den Haag Convention with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land was agreed upon. After the country had preserved its neutrality during the Weltkrieg, Netherlands improved its relationships with [[Germany]], becoming a valuable economic partner. However, it remained politically neutral and didn't join [[Mitteleuropa]].

The rising economic problems in Germany, if they extends to the Low Countries, may break an emotional barrier in the heart of the Dutch people. It is possible that the Social Democratic Workers' Party will be invited in the government and implement its loudly proposed ''Plan for Labour'', which includes plans to increase employment, nationalize vital industry and implement a system of unemployment benefits.

== Politics ==
'''Queen of the Netherlands''': [[Wilhelmina]]

'''Minister-President of the Council''': [[Hendricus Colijn]]

'''Minister for Foreign Affairs''': Frans B. van Blokland

'''Minister of Finance''': Pieter Oud

'''Ministry of Justice''': Josephus H.H. van Schaik

'''Head of the GS III''': Johan W. van Oorschot

'''Minister of Defence''': Adriaan Dijxhoorn

'''Chief of the Royal Netherlands Army''': Izaak Reynders

'''Chief of the Royal Netherlands Navy''': Johannes Furstner

'''Chief of the Royal Netherlands Air Force''': Marius Raaijmakers

== Military ==
=== Army ===
The Royal Netherlands Army is quite large for such a small country; it consist of eight infantry divisions (four of them with an artillery brigade) for the defence of the mainland and three infantry divisions located in Batavia for the defence of the Dutch East Indies (and the repression of the occasional rebellion).

=== Navy and Air Force ===
While the Royal Netherlands Air Force is basically non-existent, the Royal Netherlands Navy consist of three light cruisers, two destroyers, three submarines and four transport flotilla. Its main purpose is the defence of the Dutch Merchant Marine and the protection of the commerce with the Dutch East Indies and the other colonial possessions.

== Foreign Relations ==
{{image|http://img299.imageshack.us/img299/3476/dutcheastindies.png|right|GE|Dutch East Indies}}
Good relations with [[Germany]], [[Spain|Kingdom of Spain]], [[National France]] and [[Austria]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Commune of France]].

== Colonial empire ==
Dutch colonial possessions in America: Dutch Guyana, Dutch Antilles

Dutch colonial possessions in Asia: Dutch East Indies

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Norway

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:14:27 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Admin

Norway is a country in Scandinavia. It is bordered by [[Sweden]] in the west and [[Finland]] in the northernmost part of the country.

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Kongeriket Norge''' '''Kingdom of Norway'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i189.photobucket.com/albums/z230/Neukkunatsi/800px-Flag_of_Norwaysvg.png
 Flag of the Kingdom of Norway
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i189.photobucket.com/albums/z230/Neukkunatsi/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Norwaysvg.png
 Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Norway
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Alt for Norge (Everything for Norway'')
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' [[Ja, vi elsker dette landet]]
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://img205.imageshack.us/img205/4093/norwayddd1.png
|-
| align=center colspan=2 |
 

|-
|'''Official Language''' || Norwegian
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Oslo]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Haakon VII]]
|-
|'''Head of government''' || [[Johan Nygaardsvold]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   Independence from a personal union with [[Sweden]]
|   7 June 1905
|-
|'''Government'''
|Constitutional Monarchy
|-
|'''Currency''' || Norwegian krone
|-
|'''Area'''
|ca. 385.000 km^2
|-
|'''Population'''
|ca. 2.8 million
|-
|}

==History==
For centuries Norway had been part of the Danish realm until Denmark had to cede - without [[Iceland]] or [[Greenland]] - it to Sweden in the Peace of Kiel. An attempt of the Norwegians to proclaim independence from their Swedish neighbour was foiled by a military intervention by King [[Karl XIII]]. However, the Swedish king allowed his new subjects internal autonomy by recognizing their constitution. Tensions between the parliament (Storting) and the king in Sweden escalated in the 1870. Under leadership of the liberal left (Venstre) the country turned into parliamentary monarchy in 1884 with universal suffrage after 1898 (till 1913 only for men).

With Norway's rise as a trading power in the 19th century came claims to install consulates in other countries. Resistance by Sweden against this claim caused the end of the Union between the countries in 1905. The Danish prince Karl was elected [[King Haakon VII]]. Despite British demands Norway remained neutral during World War I, even though it lost half its merchant marine to Germany's unrestricted U-Boat warfare.

In 1920, it was awarded Spitzbergen despite Russian claims to the islands. The transition of from an agricultural country to a modern industrial state brought with it inflation and unemployment after The Great War, leading to a radicalization of the Workers' Party which had been founded in 1887. In 1923 a Bolshevik Party was formed, and in 1933 appeared the radical populist party Nasjonal Samling under leadership of Vidkun Quisling.

==Foreign relations==

Officially, Norway follows the Nordic ideal of neutrality and thus remains outside any military alliances that have formed in the world after the Weltkrieg. The Workers' Party and Bolshevik Party have friendly contacts with their counterparts in Union of Britain and Commune of France, but remain outside the Internationale. The Nasjonal Samling has contacts with National Populist elements in Europe, like the [[Grossdeutsche Volkspartei]] in Germany and the [[Lapua movement]] in Finland.

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Afghanistan

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:14:24 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Macscarfe

Portugal

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:14:23 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Area11

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''República Portuguesa''' '''Portuguese Republic '''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan=2|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/125px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Portugal

|}

|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Deus, Pátria e Familia (God, Fatherland and Family)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' A Portuguesa
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Spain.JPG|250px]]
|-

| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
|}
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Portuguese
|-
|'''Capital''' || Lisbon
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Antonio da Fragosa Carmona]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Antonio da Oliveira Salazar]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Establishment of the Republic
|  October 5 1910
|-
|'''Government'''
|Semi-presidential republic
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Portuguese escudo
|-
|'''Area'''
|92 391 km²
|-
|  with colonies
|2 180 490 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 7 millions
|-
|}

'''Portugal''' is a country in South West Europe; it borders the [[Spain|Kingdom of Spain]] to the east. Through its colonial possessions it also borders [[Mittelafrika]], [[South Africa]] and [[National France]] in Africa and [[Allgemeine Ostasiatische Gesellschaft|Algostasien GmbH]] and [[Netherlands|Dutch East Indies]] in Asia.

== History ==
During the 19th century, Portugal was characterized by the internal struggles between republicans and supporters of a constitutional monarchy, which caused a deep rift in the country. In 1910 a coup of Portuguese republican officers against King Emanuel II abolished the rule of the Royal House of Braganca. Teófilo Fernandes Braga became the first president of the Republic; he proclaimed civil liberties and emancipated women in family law. An agricultural reform failed, however, because of the opposition of the aristocracy. The gravest inheritance of the republic was the desolate economy which was completely oriented towards trade with Great Britain. The inner conflict caused the quick succession of eight presidents and forty-four governments till 1926. The [[Weltkrieg]], which Portugal joined on the side of the [[Entente]], made matters worse. The merchant marine suffered heavy losses from the German U-Boats, and trade with the colonies collapsed, but the [[Peace with Honour|Portuguese colonial empire was left intact]], as the country was too far from German armies and protected by the British government. The situation escalated with the end of relationships with Britain, due to the [[1925 British Revolution|Socialist revolution in England]]. There were two military coup attempts in 1926 during which the republican constitution was abolished. General António Óscar Fragoso Carmona took the reigns of the government and was confirmed in office through elections held in 1928. He founded the Second Republic which he led in authoritarian fashion ever since. António Oliveira Salazar became his minister of finances with many authorizations. In 1932 Salazar was appointed President of the Council and established an authoritarian system, based on nationalist and Catholic values and corporatism as an economic model.

== Politics ==
'''President of the Republic''': [[Antonio da Fragosa Carmona]]

'''President of the Council''': [[Antonio da Oliveira Salazar]]

'''Minister of Foreign Affairs''': [[Antonio da Oliveira Salazar]]

'''Minister of Finance''': Raul Brandao

'''Minister of Justice and Internal Administration''': Mario Pais Sousa

'''Director of the Polícia de Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado''': Pedro Teotónio Pereira

'''Chief of Staff''': Tasso Miranda Cabral

'''Chief of Exército''': J.A. Lobato Guerra

'''Chief of Marinha''': Jaime Afreixo

'''Chief of Força Aérea''': Manuel Gouveia

== Military ==
=== Army ===
The ''Exército do Portugal'' consists in only two infantry division. It will probably be expanded in the future, as internal turmoil is increasing in the [[Spain|Kingdom of Spain]] in the east and [[Mittelafrika]] might once again threaten the Portoguese colonies in Africa.

=== Navy ===
The ''Marinha do Portugal'' comprise one submarine, two destroyers and two transport flotilla. Its main purpose is to protect the Portoguese Merchant Marine and secure the commerce between Portugal and its colonies.

=== Air Force ===
The ''Força Aérea do Portugal'' consist of a single squadron of tactical bombers.

== Foreign Relations ==
Very good relations with [[Spain|Kingdom of Spain]] and [[Brazil]].

Good relations with [[Italian Federation]] and [[Germany]].

==Colonial Empire==
Portuguese colonies in Africa: Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Portuguese Guinea, Overseas Province of Angola (with Cabinda) and Overseas Province of Mozambique.

Portuguese colonies in Asia: Macao and Portuguese Timor.

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]]

Romania

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:13:55 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Carmen510

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Statul National-Legionar Român''' '''Romanian National-Legionary State'''
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Ro-fasc5.gif|200px]] Flag of the Iron Guard and of Romania
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Totul Pentru Ţară'' (''Everything for the Country'')
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Deşteaptă-te, române! (Awaken, Romanian!)
|-
| align=center colspan=2|[[Image:roplace.jpg|300px]] Romania and it's neighbors
|-
|'''Official Language''' || Romanian
|-
|'''Capital''' || Bucharest
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Horia Sima]]
|-
|'''Establishment (De Facto)'''   Reunification of Wallachia and Moldavia
|  January 24, 1859
|-
|  - Officially recognised independence
|  July 13, 1878
|-
|  - National-Legionary State
|  1929
|-
|'''Government'''
|Presidential republic
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Romanian leu
|-
|'''Area'''
|Approx 70 000 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 6 milions
|-
|}

'''Romania''', officially the '''Romanian National-Legionary State''' (Romanian short form: ''România''; Romanian long form: ''Statul Naţional-Legionar Român'') is a country in South-East Europe. It is governed by the Populist Iron Guard movement. It is usually called '''Iron Guard Romania'''. It is bordered by [[Galicia-Lodomiera]] to the north, [[Ukraine]] to the northeast, the Black Sea to the east, [[Bulgaria]] to the south and [[Hungary]] to the west.

== History ==

Following Peace of Paris, concluding the [[Crimean War]] (1853 - 1856), the unification of Moldavia and Wallachia was expressly forbidden. However, due to a quirk in the procedure, '''Ioan Alexandru Cuza''' was elected Domnitor in both principalities, thus becoming first Prince of the United Principalities (1859 - 1866), to be followed onto the throne by '''Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen''' (1866 - 1914), after a coup staged by the so called "Monstrous Coalition". After the 8th Russian-Turkish War 1877/78, which saw Romania fighting alongside [[Russia]], the country's sovereignty was recognized on the Berlin Congress of 1878. Southern Bessarabia was ceded to [[Russia]], while Romania gained Dobrogea.

In 1881 the Romanian Prince took the title of '''King Carol I'''. The orientation towards the West was secured, Russian influence lost its appeal. Carol I settled the Second Balkans War (1913) and joined the Quadrilateral with Dobrogea. With the outbreak of the [[Weltkrieg]] in 1914 Romania initially remained neutral, but joined the [[Entente]] in 1916, after Carol's successor, '''Ferdinand I''' ascended to the throne, only to be overrun in a few months by [[Bulgaria]] and [[Austria]]. In 1918 the government was forced to sign the Treaty of Bucharest, handing over the whole of Wallachia and Dobrogea and areas of the Carpathian peaks, as well as guaranteeing to supply [[Germany]] and Austria with oil for the following 90 years.

The treaty was never ratified and by the end of the [[Weltkrieg]], a new treaty consisting of milder terms was drawn. Romania ceded Oltenia to [[Hungary]] and Southern Dobruja to [[Bulgaria]]. Romania was allowed to keep Bessarabia from the remnants of the Russian Revolution, but the oilfields were leased to [[Germany]] until 2012. The king and government managed to stagger on until 1929, when '''[[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu|Corneliu Codreanu]]''' led the right wing Iron Guard in a coup d'etat, supported by the army. A military dictatorship, headed by Codreanu, was set up and began to remilitarize Romania. This invalidated the leasing of the oilfields to Germany and thus Romanian industry could benefit once again from cheap oil.

== Politics ==

[[Image:Rocabinet.JPG|thumb|550px|Iron Guard Romanian cabinet]]

=== Cabinet ===

'''Conducător''': [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]

'''Prime minister''': [[Horia Sima]]

'''Foreign Minister''': Ion Antonescu

'''Armaments Minister''': Constantin Papanace

'''Minister of Security''': Cesare Vaida-Voievod

'''Head of Intelligence''': Petre Antonescu

'''Chieff of Staff''': Ion Victor Antonescu

'''Chieff of Army''': Marin Ceauşu

'''Chief of Navy''': Horia Măcellariu

'''Chief of Airforce''': Dante Vizante

=== Party system ===

One party: '''The Legion of the Archangel Michael''', also known as the '''Iron Guard'''.

== Military ==
The renovated Romanian Army comprise nine infantry divisions (with various brigades attached), two outdated cavalry divisions and a couple of militias.

The Romanian Navy, stationed in the Black Sea, consist only in one destroyer and a very outdated submarine.

The Romanian Air Force can count on one squadron of interceptors, one of tactical bombers and one of naval bombers, even if none of them is fully crewed and equipped.

== Foreign relations ==

Friendly relations with [[Greece]], [[Serbia]] and [[Ottoman Empire]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Bulgaria]] and [[Austria-Hungary]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]]

Serbia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:13:11 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Area11

Ukraine

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:12:07 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Tchourakoff

Union of Britain

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:10:54 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Jamhaw

Denmark

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:10:33 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Admin

Commune of France

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:09:34 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Blaise MacDuff, the Purple Dragon

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Fédération des Communes de France''' '''Federation of Communes of France'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://i231.photobucket.com/albums/ee48/Cornichouille/Kaiserpedia/CommuneofFrance-1.png
 Flag of the Commune of France

|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Prolétaires de tous les pays, unissez-vous! (Workers of the world, unite!'')
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' [[L'Internationale]]
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:CoF.JPG|250px]]
 
|-
|'''Official Language''' || French
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Paris]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Sébastien Faure]]
|-
|'''Head of government''' || [[Marceau Pivert]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Proclaimation of the Federation of Communes
|  22 June 1920
|-
|'''Government'''
|Socialist federal republic
|-
|'''Currency''' || Franc
|-
|'''Area'''
|Less than 500.000 kmÂ²
|-
|'''Population'''
|Around 40 million
|-
|}

The '''Commune of France''', or officially '''Federation of Communes of France''' (in French: ''Fédération des Communes de France''), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the North by the English Channel; to the East by [[Flanders-Wallonia]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]] and the [[Italian Federation]]; to the South by the Mediterannean Sea and [[Spain]]; and to the West by the Atlantic Ocean.

The Commune of France is a socialist and syndicalist federal republic composed of the 36,000 communes of France and ruled by a dual structure, with the legislative powers going to the Bourse Générale du Travail (General Labor Council) and executive to the Comité de Salut Public (Commitee of Public Safety), which in turn was proclaimed on June, 22 1920, after the French Civil War. The [[National France|French government in exile]], established in Northern Africa, refuses to acknowledge the Commune as the righteous French government, and vice versa.

== History ==

The Third Republic ended the way it began: defeated by German arms, and facing Communist revolution at home. In November of 1919 a revolutionary general strike was called by the CGT, paralyzing the country and causing the downfall of the bourgeois government. "The Party of Order" was not strong enough to put an end to the unrest and in the following months the "Establishment" were forced out of France by a coalition of leftist forces in a brief but brutal civil war. For the past 15 years the self-styled "Commune of France" has united behind a common platform of Syndicalist-Socialist consensus, headed by the ruling Comité de Salut Public. However, by 1936 the consensus that was resolved to rebuild the shattered country and defend the fruits of revolution from foreign menace is deemed as outdated by many critics, and there is a growing call for more radical policies. France is increasingly confident in its security and in its mission, but the French revolutionary tradition is varied, and it is unclear precisely which strands shall become dominant in the years to come¦

===The French syndicalist movement===

Karl Marx, in his important pamphlet ''The Civil War in France'', considered the 1871 Paris Commune as the prototype for a future revolutionnary insurrection, the form at last discovered for the emancipation of the proletariat. In fact, trigerred by the Parisians' resentment against the defeatist French government and after months of siege by the Prussian Army, the Paris Commune was something more of a Utopian and enthusiastic socialist experiment, having short-lived and anecdotal followings in French provinces, and later smashed in a bloodbath by the Legalist French Army.

The repression that followed decapitated for years the nascent French socialism, while the SPD developed in Germany and the Trade Unions flourished in [[Union of Britain|Britain]]. Those left in the wake of the debacle were torn apart, divided between the Marxist-inspired Parti Ouvrier Français of [[Jules Guesde]] and the French trade unions, encouraged by the successes of [[Fernand Peloutier]]'s Fédération des Bourses du Travail. The French syndicalist movement was quickly overtaken by anarchist activists, after the repressive "lois scélérates" of 1894.

In 1895, the Confédération Générale du Travail (General Confederation of Labour), vowing to be independant from all political formations, was founded at Limoges, an engagement that was renewed by the 1906 Charte d'Amiens, affirming the anarcho-syndicalist tendancy within the CGT, embodied by its vice-secretary [[Emile Pouget]].

Helped by the union of Guesde's revolutionary followers and [[Jean Jaurès]]' social-democrats into the Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (French Section of the Workers' International), the French left was coming into prominence, helped by its role in the Dreyfus affair, when the [[Weltkrieg]] broke out.

First an outspoken pacifist, Jaurès was shot down by a nationalist activist four days before the French entry in the war. His successor, [[Léon Jouhaux]], agreed to participate to the Union Sacrée government, followed by most of the SFIO leadership.

===Fall of the Third Republic===
The revolution was initially sparked by the CGT, who declared a General Strike in the spring of 1919, hot on the heels of a second outbreak of mutiny in the French Army (the mutineers were protesting the Conservative call for a last-ditch counter-offensive following a string of severe French defeats during the German offensives of 1918).

The CGT wanted to paralyse the nation, force the ruling Conservatives to step down and hand over power to the CGT's executive; the Comité de Salut Public, or CSP - led by the zealous anarchist Emile Pouget (co-author of the Amiens Chart in 1906, which defined the nature of anarcho-syndicalism).

They were charged with the task of leading first the General Strike and then the establishment of a new government and constitution which would allow for a complete reconstruction of the French nation. They also had as their immediate aim to end "the abominable war" as soon as possible. In achieving these aims the strike was initially unsuccessful, and the CGT was unable to seize power before the fall of Paris to German general [[Oskar von Hutier]].

===The French Civil War===
With the fall of Paris however, the General Stike turned violent, as frustrated Unionists became desperate to end the war before the Germans were in a position to occupy the whole country. Skirmishes with police turned into riots across much of the country, and the government was forced to resign, marking the beginning of a transitory period between the Third Republic to the Fourth.

This period was characterised by a dualistic power structure much like that of Russian between the revolutions of 1917 - on the one hand a Provisional Government of Liberals and Socialists, and on the other the CGT, claimed a "legitimate right to power" via their Trade Union structure and a new system of local councils. (However, unlike in Russia - where the Revolutionary Left's gins proved ephemeral - in France this provided the revolutionaries with the chance for permanently taking power.)

This uncertain situation continued through the summer of 1919 until things came to a head in the early autumn when the Provisional Government attempted to disarm and demobilise the French Army following the conclusion of a truce with the Germans. Fearing the Government was attempting to stifle the revolution (the Army was largely supportive of the Left) the Socialist Party began a boycott of the Parliament, and declared itself an ally of the CGT, followed thereafter by a number of the more radical Liberals.

Following this decision the Bolshevik Jacobins declared the Provisional Government an enemy of the Proletariat, encouraging Party members to begin a policy of agitation in favour of a "great purge of France, to forever destroy her class enemies". Inspired by Lenin's revolutionaries and the outbreak of the Russian Civil War between the Reds and the Whites, gangs of working men and army units sympathetic to the Jacobin cause began to attack and loot the property of the aristocracy and upper middle classes - seizing land by force and holding the Establishment to account in revolutionary "courts".

Although they wanted to put a stop to this policy (they had hoped to negotiate with the Provisional Government), the CGT was unable to prevent the Jacobins from carrying out their attacks, or prevent an escalation of the crisis, as the Provisional Government gathered together the "forces of reaction" to respond with force and attempt a counter-revolution.

===Enforcement of the regime===
Not wanting to see the revolution die, and simulatenously desiring to limit the influence of the Jacobins, the CGT was left with no choice but to declare war on "the Provisional Government and the forces of Counter-Revolution", and attempt to seize control of the entire country.

Taking full control of Paris, they formally concluded peace with Germany in the winter 1919, accepting the annexation of the rest of Lorraine, the legitimacy of the new state of Flanders-Wallonia, and agreeing to pay a heavy burden of reparations.

Following the conclusion of the truce with the Germans, the CGT began to draft a new constitutional setup together with the Socialists, Jacobins, Anarchists and radical Liberals . Meanwhile they had to fight the self-styled "Establishment" and "drive them into the sea", and try and prevent and limit the Jacobins' "hunt for the Bourgeoisie".

Though they proved unable to counter the Jacobins' image as integral members of the revolution, they were able to largely limit their participation in arranging the constitutional setup of the new state. Through ensuring that leading Jacobins were often engaged in the conduct of the war, the CGT were able to cultivate and protect their own image as the Revolutions' legitimate political leaders.

== Politics ==

{{image|http://i231.photobucket.com/albums/ee48/Cornichouille/Kaiserpedia/CoFcabinet.png|left|COF|The French government}}

'''Chairman of the Bourse Générale du Travail:''' [[Sébastien Faure]] (Anarchist, born 6 January 1858)

'''Chairman of the Comité de Salut Public:''' [[Marceau Pivert]] (Travailleur, born 2 October 1895)

'''Delegate to Foreign Affairs:''' [[Pierre Brossolette]] (Travailleur, born 25 June 1903)

'''Delegate to Economic Affairs:''' [[Pierre Monatte]] (Travailleur, born 15 January 1881)

'''Delegate to Internal Security:''' [[Charles Rappoport]] (Travailleur, born 14 June 1865)

'''Director of Services de Renseignements Généraux:''' [[May Picqueray]] (Anarchist, born 8 July 1898)

'''Chief of the General Staff of the Communal Army:''' General [[Henri Rol-Tanguy]] (Anarchist, born 12 June 1908)

'''Commander of Communal Ground Forces:''' General [[Jacques Doriot]] (Sorelian, born 26 September 1898)

'''Commander of Communal Navy:''' [[Marcel Déat]] (Jacobin, born 7 March 1894)

'''Commander of Communal Air Force:''' [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] (Travailleur, born 29 June 1900)

The Commune of France is of a primarily Syndicalist construction, based around federated union organisations which emphasise worker control on an industry-by-industry basis. The CoF is in fact a federation of major cities, such as Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux and Toulouse, each one ruled by a ''Bourse du Travail'' (labour council) which is directly elected by the citizens of the regional commune. The task of the Bourse du Travail is to manage not only the general affairs of local government, but also local military arrangements in the form of the popular militia.

The Chairman of the Commune is elected directly by the citizens, and confirmed in their appointment by the Comité de Salut Public (rejection by the Comité demands a new election be held). The Chairman (currently the anarchist Sébastien Faure) is the Head of State, as well as leader of the '''Bourse Générale du Travail''' - which functions as a form of Parliament, representing the individual Communes that make up the adminstrative structure of Syndicalist France. The BGT is primarily responsible for forming a bridge between the national executive (CSP) and the local governments.

The CSP takes decisions at the national level, "uniting the efforts of the Communes", directing foreign affairs and organising the Garde Nationale (the professional element of the CoF's army). It too is elected by the general populace (though on the positionary basis that they must secure the support of a regional Bourse, via caucus, to make the short-list). The current Premier of the '''Comité de Salut Public''' is the Travailleur Marceau Pivert, who succeeded Pouget in 1931, following a turbulent election that lead to a government of compromise.

Whilst the Commune of France claims to be fully decentralized, and fully endorses free elections to both the BGT and local Bourses as fundamental to democracy, the fact is that the CGT holds a position so dominant that her rivals have not seriously been able to challenge her rule since the Fourth Republic's foundation (managing at best to put the CGT in the position of a minority government), and the CSP remains by far the most powerful institution in the country. However, the CGT is not of a uniform opinion, and is in fact divided into several "camps" of opinion.

===Political Factions===

In 1925 a powerful group was born, known as '''Travailleurs''' (Workers), inspired by the [[Union of Britain|British system]] established after the successful [[1925 British Revolution|British revolution]]. The Travailleurs specifically desire an extension of democracy by adopting many British constitutional arrangements, and though they have found strong allies in the Anarchists in their aim of reducing the CSP's power, they fundamentally disagree on the question of local government (as Socialists they would prefer the Bourses to be split from the Unions). They head the current government of compromise.

The '''Sorelians''' take their name and some inspiration from the theories of French anarcho-syndicalist thinker Georges Sorel, and can be seen as the "orthodoxy" of Syndicalism. The Sorelians (a minority in the CGT) feel that the CSP was neccessary only to ensure the successful establishment of the revolutionary state in it's transition from a capitalist to a syndicalist economy, and that the time has now come to hand national power from the CSP to the BGT, forging a more centralized state. They are currently lead by [[Georges Valois]].

Outside the CGT remain the '''Jacobins''', inspired by Lenin's brand of Communism as well as French revolutionary history. They desire that their tightly knit and structured party rid France of its anarchistic and syndicalist characteristics and form a "vanguard" to lead a Communist reconstruction.

There is also an '''Anarchiste''' (or Anarchiste Pur - Pure Anarchist) movement which takes both inspiration and "leadership" from the exiled Ukrainian revolutionary Makhno. Often considered an eccentric element of French political life, the Anarchiste movement campaigns for greater regional freedom in the make-up and constitution of local government, and a drastic cut in the legislative role of the CSP.

The Radical Liberals who boycotted Parliament with the Socialists in 1919 have largely been forced to emigrate as a result of persecution and victimization lead by Jacobin extremists.

In 1936 elections are about to begin within the CSP and one third of the BGT - to elect for example the delegates for the army, foreign affairs, treasury, and of course the Premier. With Pivert considered "too weak" even by his own followers, the continuation of the CGT's political dominance can no longer be assured, and France looks to be standing at a crossroads.

== Military ==

=== The Army ===

During the early years of the Commune, people's militia formed the bulk of the army as a professional army was seen as "anti-revolutionary" and "an enemy of the people's freedom". The Swiss Army was studied closely and the communes modelled their militia units on the basis of the Swiss cantonal troops. Weapons are kept in the central storage of the local commune (Délégation Générale pour l'Armement or the General Weaponry Delegation is responsible for the upkeep of these storages), where all members of the militia will gather should they be called to arms. Some communes (mainly the ones bordering Germany and Flanders) are recquired to keep their militias armed and ready at all times. This has led to the first standing army units being formed and trained in the border regions. The armoured reserve is stationed in Paris and is under the direct control of the Chef des Armées. L''''Armée Populaire de la Commune de France''' has modern equipment and is largely motorized. However, organization and co-operation with other branches of the military is a problem.

=== The Navy ===

During the civil war, the French navy was divided as was the rest of the nation. There were some engagements between the nationalist and the syndicalist naval units, but most of the ships remained in their ports as fuel was scarce and the crews divided. After the civil war, the ships that followed the nationalists into Africa formed the Marine Nationale anew and the ships that stayed in France were the backbone of the new '''Marine de libération du peuple'''. The navy has two main fleets, the Flotte de la Patrie in Marseilles and Flotte de la Normandie in Brest. The navy was severely weakened during the civil war and not much emphasis has been put into building new ships for the navy. The main purpose of the navy is to prevent landings into the southern and northern coasts(and the navy is such targeted quite solely against Germany and National France). Marine libération du peuple has potential, but is currently incapable of promoting the Commune's intrests abroad.

=== The Air Force ===

The '''Armée de l'Air du peuple''' is the air arm of the Armées françaises. The aerial aspect of war was closely studied by the Commune's military minds after the civil war and has lead to a strong, medium-sized air force with modern equipment and well-trained pilots. Innovative generals like Antoine de Saint-Exupéry have developed organization and tactics for the air force and during a conflict the Commune's air force can be expected to cause significant damage to the enemy.

== Foreign relations ==

Commune of France is the leader of the [[Syndicalist Internationale]] and maintains good relations with almost all socialist countries and major socialist movements (such as the [[CNT-FAI]]) around the world.

Very good relations with [[Socialist Republic of Italy]] and [[Union of Britain]].

Friendly relations with [[Mexico]], [[Georgia]] and [[Bharitya Commune]].

Unfriendly relations with [[Flanders-Wallonia]], [[Italian Federation]], [[Switzerland]], [[Spain|Kingdom of Spain]] and [[Canada]].

Declared hostility against [[National France|the French government in exile]], [[Germany]] and [[Austria-Hungary]].

== Culture ==

One could say the French culture has gained some and lost some after the civil war. Old masterpieces of art and music are labelled as "bourgeois" and "anti-revolutionary" and are banned from public display by many labour councils. However, new art-forms such as surrealism have flourished, fueled by the bohemian art-circles of Paris and other major cities. Cuisine remains relatively unaltered, but the visual art forms have gone through a revolution of sorts. Film, radio and many other inventions are being used extensively as means of providing cultural experiences for the masses.

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Socialist system]]

Germany

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:09:18 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Admin

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Deutsches Kaiserreich''' '''''German Empire'''''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:800px-Flag of the German Empire svg.png|125px]] [[Image:800px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_1903-1918_svg.png|125px]]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_%281889%E2%80%931918%29.svg/400px-Imperial_Coat_of_arms_of_Germany_%281889%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png
 Flag and War Ensign of the German Empire

|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Gott mit Uns (God with us)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' [[Heil dir im Siegerkranz]]
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Image:Germany.JPG|250px]]
 
|-
|'''Official Language''' || German
|-
|'''Capital''' || [[Berlin]]
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Wilhelm II]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Franz von Papen]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Proclaimation of the German Empire
|  18 January 1871
|-
|'''Government'''
|Constitutional Monarchy
|-
|'''Currency''' || Papiermark
|-
|'''Area (excluding colonial empire)'''
|More than 543.000 km²
|-
|'''Population (excluding colonial empire)'''
|Around 73 million
|-
|}

'''Germany''', or officially '''the German Empire''' (German: ''Deutsches Kaiserreich'')is a country in Central Europe. Its borders are shared to the north by the North Sea, [[Denmark]], and the Baltic Sea; to the east by [[Poland]], [[Lithuania]] and the [[United Baltic Duchy]]; to the south by [[Austria-Hungary]] and [[Switzerland]]; and to the west by the [[Commune of France]], [[Flanders-Wallonia]], and the [[Netherlands]]. Through colonial possessions Germany also borders [[Spain]], [[National France]], [[Liberia]], [[Abyssinia]], [[Egypt]], the [[Ottoman Empire]], [[Oman]], [[South Africa]], [[Portugal]], [[Siam]], the [[Qing Empire]](which includes the [[Allgemeine Ostasiatische Gesellschaft]] in addition to the warlord territory of the [[Yunnan Clique]]), the [[Fengtien Republic]] and [[Australasia]].

The German Empire is a constitutional monarchy composed by twenty-eight states, ruled by the Hohenzollern dynasty. The state of Germany was proclaimed on January, 18 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors of Palace of Versailles in the aftermath of the [[1871 Franco-Prussian War]]. As the main victor of the [[Weltkrieg]], Germany controls a vast overseas empire with colonial holdings in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Germany is currently the most powerful country in the world with its influence stretching throughout the world. Germany also leads [[Mitteleuropa]], the alliance and economic union with several Eastern European nations.
== History ==

=== Unification ===

Under the pressure of Prussian Chancellor '''[[Otto von Bismarck]]''' (better known as the "Iron Chancellor") and in the turmoil of the nationalist awakening in Europe, Germany finally ended with almost one millenium of division between rival monarchies, skilfully kept in place by foreign powers: after having defeated [[Denmark]], [[Austria]]-[[Hungary]] and France, the German Empire was proclaimed in the palace of Louis XIV, Versailles, on January, 18 1871: uniting all the scattered German-speaking areas (except Austria) under the rule of Germany's first Kaiser, '''[[Wilhelm I]]''' of Prussia. The new country secured his position as a great nation, forging several alliances in order to diplomatically isolate the defeated France, which, eager to recover Alsace-Lorraine (Elsass-Löthringen); began to establish colonies outside Europe in 1884. Germany mourned her first Kaiser on March, 9 1888; his son, '''[[Friedrich III]]''', died of incurable throat cancer only 99 days later. '''[[Wilhelm II]]''' subsequently acceeded to the throne. Considering Bismarck's foreign policy as too soft, the Kaiser dismissed the Iron Chancellor in 1890, replacing him with more malleable replacements; Bismarck died eight years later.

=== "The Place under the Sun" ===

[[Wilhelm II]] followed imperialist policies which were mostly fashionable in Europe of these times, obssessed with a dream of a "Place under the Sun" for Germany: claiming much more colonial possessions, and beginning a naval rivalry with Britain on the advices of admiral '''[[Alfred von Tirpitz]]'''. At the time, many in Germany and elsewhere considered these policies as highly risky and dnagerous - especially as the alliances that Germany concluded before were not renewed, and an isolated Germany (except for an alliance with Austria-Hungary, and a fragile one with Italy) was faced with the [[Entente]] Cordiale between [[Britain]] and [[France]], which secured ties with [[Russia]]. Europe came close to war in 1911 with the Agadir Crisis, when Wilhelm II claimed Morocco for Germany. This crisis, adding to the Kaiser's reputation as an irresponsible firebrand, was defused without a war breaking out - but the outbreak had been merely delayed for a few years. However, as history was soon to show, Wilhelm II's gamble would pay off, he would achieve all his aims and more, and even many of his sharpest critics would be forced to admit as much.

=== [[Weltkrieg]] ===

[[Archduke Ferdinand]] was assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 and [[Austria]]-[[Hungary]] declared war on [[Serbia]] to cease her destabilisation, and Germany backed Austria-Hungary; soon, German Empire found herself at war against France, Britain and Russia. Quickly invading [[Flanders-Wallonia|Belgium]] and Luxembourg, the German advance was stopped at the Marne in 1914, and also in Poland by the weak Russian forces. The war soon became nothing less than a series of indecisive and bloody offensives, the worst of them being the Battle of Verdun in 1916. In 1917, [[Russia]] collapsed into Revolution and thousands of soldiers were dismissed from the Eastern Front to the West. In March 1919, after three and a half years of attritional warfare, the German offensive on the Western Front finally succeeded in overrunning the Entente defences. French morale collapsed along with her army against the onslaught as the Reichswehr exploited the breakthrough and marched towards [[Paris]] and the Loire valley. As the army collapsed, the exhausted French surrendered and allowed the German army to occupy their proud nation. Following this stunning victory, German troops were rapidly sent to the existing [[Italian Federation|Italian]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] fronts, and forced entry into the lightly defended parts of northwestern Italy. With the arrival of these veteran troops, the Central Powers defeated both the British and Italian armies, restoring Ottoman power in the Middle East and occupying Northern Italy. The war with Britain and the remaining Entente forces overseas dragged on inconclusively until 1921 when a '''[[Peace with Honour]]''' was secured, ending the Weltkrieg. Even if white peace had been concluded with [[Japan]], [[Portugal]] and Britain, France, Belgium, Russia and Italy had almost ceased to exist, and were forced to give their colonial holdings to a victorious Germany.

=== Road to Mitteleuropa ===

Not everything was well within Germany though - 7 years of war had pushed her population to the brink of starvation, German industry stagnated following the war as demand was slashed and the government costs mounted as they were forced to subsidise conversion back to domestic production. The state struggled to feed its population and fought the ever-present danger of inflation that had arisen from printing money to fund the war effort, which continued exist in order to secure the terrible situation in [[Russia]], still in a [[Russian Civil War|civil war]]. In 1924, Grand Admiral [[Alfred von Tirpitz|von Tirpitz]] became Reichskanzler and his policies started a golden age of German Weltpolitik, bringing the economy under control through market regulation, subsidising food imports with money gained from reparations and the sale of technology to Germany’s allies and client-states. Tirpitz’s hugely successful regime culminated in the well-executed occupation of British colonial possessions following the outbreak of the [[1925 British Revolution|British Revolution]] and the establishment of [[Mittelafrika|Freistaat Mittelafrika]], created along with the [[Allgemeine Ostasiatische Gesellschaft]] in order to reduce the full powers of colonial governors. His only failures were his inability to stop the spread of [[Syndicalism]] in Europe, to secure the worsening economic situation, and [[Allgemeine_Ostasiatische_Gesellschaft#The_1926_Intervention|an intervention in China]], which only worsened the situation. However, since the Grand Admiral’s death in 1930 things have been going downhill for Germany. A general slowing of the world economy is decreasing industrial output and national income as other nations recover their manufacturing power, and growing nationalism in Germany’s eastern clients is starting to cause tensions as both populations and governments begin to drift away from the Reich. The Kaiser is getting old, and so is the welfare state put in place by Bismarck himself, and if Germany has never been so powerful, it has never had such heavy burdens either.

== Politics ==

[[Image:Germanywilhelmiitq4.jpg|thumb|200px|Kaiser Wilhelm II]]

[[Image:Vonpapen.jpg|thumb|100px|Reichskanzler Franz von Papen]]

Germany is a federal constitutional monarchy ruled by the German Kaiser (who is also King of Prussia). Although Germany has many political parties, the state policies are rather authoritarian. The Constitution of the Second German Reich has stood in place for 60 years. The Chancellor and Government are appointed by the Kaiser, but legislation needs to be approved by the Reichstag, a chamber elected proportionally by universal male suffrage, and the Bundesrat, consisting of representatives from each of the states. While the Reichstag is far from a rubber-stamp institution, and has become increasingly vocal and assertive over the past thirty years, it is not yet strong enough that it can actually bring down a Government. The relative weakness of the Reichstag has meant that a wide range of voluntarist pressure groups have sprung up, attempting to push forward a range of economic, political and sectional causes. In addition, the various states of the Reich have considerable autonomy and influence over local matters, including education, law enforcement and arts patronage. While many of the smaller states have extremely liberal constitutions, the unequal Estate-based electoral system for the Prussian Landtag remains a bone of contention.

{{image|http://i1060.photobucket.com/albums/t450/Kaiserpedia/Kaiserpedia/Germancabinet.png}}

'''Kaiser and King of Prussia:''' His Imperial and Royal Majesty [[Wilhelm II]] von Hohenzollern (born 27 January 1859)

'''Reichskanzler:''' [[Franz von Papen]] (Deutschkonservative Partei, born 29 October 1879)

'''State Secretary for Foreign Affairs:''' Graf [[Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg]] ( born 20 November 1875)

'''State Secretary for Finance:''' Doctor [[Hjalmar Schacht]] ( born 22 January 1877)

'''State Secretary for the Interior''': Graf [[Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff]] ( born 14 November 1862)

'''Head of the Abwehr''': [[Carl von Schubert]]

'''Chief of the German General Staff''': Field Marshal [[Hans von Seeckt]] ( born 22 April 1866)

'''Commander of Reichsheer''': Field Marshal [[August von Mackensen]] ( born 6 December 1849)

'''Commander of Kaiserliche Marine''': Admiral [[Ludwig von Reuter]] ( born 9 February 1869)

'''Commander of Luftstreitkräfte''': Freiherr [[Manfred von Richthofen]] ( born 2 May 1892)

=== Constituent states of the Reich: ===

The German Empire consists of 28 constituent states. These states consist of kingdoms, grand duchies, duchies, principalities, free Hanseatic cities and two imperial territories. The Kingdom of Prussia is the largest of the constituent states, covering some 60 percent of the territory of the German Empire.

* '''Kingdoms''': [[Wilhelm II|Prussia]], [[Rupprecht, King of Bavaria|Bavaria]], [[Friedrich August IV, King of Saxony|Saxony]], [[Albrecht, King of Württemberg|Württemberg]]

* '''Grand duchies''': [[Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxemburg|Luxemburg]], [[Berthold, Grand Duke of Baden|Baden]], [[Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse|Hesse]], [[Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], [[Nikolaus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]], [[Carl August II, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]

*'''Duchies''': [[Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt|Anhalt]], [[Ernst August III, Duke of Braunschweig|Braunschweig]], [[Ernst II, Duke of Sachsen-Altenburg|Sachsen-Altenburg]], [[Carl Eduard, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], [[Ernst, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Saxe-Meiningen]]

*'''Principalities''': [[Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe|Lippe]], [[Heinrich XLV, Prince of Reuss|Reuss - junior line, Reuss - senior line]], [[Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe|Schaumburg-Lippe]], [[Friedrich Günther II, Prince of Schwarzburg|Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]], [[Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Waldeck and Pyrmont]]

*'''Free Hanseatic cities''': Bremen, Hamburg, Lübeck

*'''Imperial territories''': Elsaß-Lothringen, Lüttich

==== Special Case ====

The [[United Baltic Duchy|Vereinigtes Baltisches Herzogtum]] (United Baltic Duchy) is a quasi-independent state. Whilst not de jure part of the German Empire, Duke [[Adolf Friedrich]] is not a sovereign monarch, but is subordinate to the [[Wilhelm II|German Emperor]] in the same manner as other monarchs of the German Empire. However, the Duchy currently has much broader interior autonomy than constituent states of the Empire, and the right to maintain a locally recruited defence force to ensure interior peace, as well as serve as first lines in case of a possible Russian invasion. There are plans to integrate the Duchy closer into the Empire, however.

=== German political parties ===

See: [[German parties]]

Despite his authoritarian nature, the German political system is favourable to be multiparty; each one is representing some part of the Kaiserreich, and in these troubled times, each one can gain much power. The current Reichstag is ruled by a Deutschkonservative Partei (DKP) majority, confident to the Kaiser's decision.

'''Deutschkonservative Partei (DKP)''' (representing the Prussian Junkers, aristocratic, agrarian), presided by [[Franz von Papen]] and [[Carl Friedrich Goerdeler]]

'''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD)''' (social-democrat with several marxist militants), presided by [[Karl Kautsky]] and [[Otto Wels]]

'''Zentrumspartei''' (Catholic), presided by [[Ludwig Kaas]] and [[Heinrich Brüning]]

'''Alldeutsche Verband''' (Pan-Germanists, [[National-Populism|national-populist]] ideology), presided by [[Ernst Röhm]] and [[Gregor Strasser]]

'''Nationalliberale Partei (NLP)''' (democrat but conservative and nationalist), presided by [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck]] and [[Johann Schwerin von Krosigk]]

'''Fortschrittliche Volkspartei (FVP)''' (progressist, liberal, democrat), presided by [[Walther von Rathenau]] and [[Wilhelm Külz]]

'''Deutsche Volkspartei (DVP)''' (nationalist and populist), presided by [[Alfred Hugenberg]]

== Military ==
=== Army ===

The ''Reichsheer'' is a profesionnal army with modern armament and high-class training: the well-known Prussian military quality still exists, represented by the excellent German generals, all belonging to the Junker aristocratic elite. Germany maintains the second-largest army in the world, after Russia. Most of the ground forces are based in mainland Germany, forming part of a defence positive created in the late 20's by Grand Admiral and Reichskanzler von Tirpitz: [[Flanders-Wallonia]] and the Siegfried Line in Elsass-Lothringen in the west, and the Eastern European satellites as buffer states against [[Russia]] in the east. The security of the colonies, save for strategic garrisons in Morocco, Singapore, the Pacific islands and West Africa, are entrusted to private militias raised and maintained by the powerful ''Stadthalters'' of [[Mittelafrika]] and [[Allgemeine Ostasiatische Gesellschaft]].
=== Navy ===

The ''Kaiserliche Marine'' is the largest and arguably the most powerful navy in the world, though it's supremacy compared to other contemporary navies is not of the same scale as that of the Royal Navy before the Weltkrieg. Boasting the largest (if a bit dated) battleship fleet in the world, the Kaiserliche Marine is also one of the few navies in the world to own aircraft carriers. With bases around the world, the Kaiserliche Marine is the Empire's main method of enforcing the German interests abroad and maintaining security among the vulnerable sealanes that transport goods to and from the colonies. The Kaiserliche Marine is currently headed by Admiral [[Ludwig von Reuter]].

=== Air Force ===

The ''Luftstreitkräfte'' is headed by ''Generalfeldmarschall'' [[Manfred von Richthofen]], the first one of his kind in the Air Force. The largest air force in the world, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' very much focuses on supporting army operations with a considerable fleet of tactical bombers. The air force also maintains a presence abroad, most prominently at Tsingtau, where an entire ''Luftlotte'' is located.

=== Allies and political aspects ===

In case of war, Germany can rely upon the support of the Mitteleuropa system, linked to her through royal bloodlines, and, should the need arise, her close partners in the Weltkrieg: Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

The '''Generalfeldmarschalls''' are also a subject of pride for the German army. Currently living marshals include [[August von Mackensen]], hero of the Weltkrieg; [[Hans von Seeckt]], current Chief of Staff and hero of the German intervention in China; [[Erich Ludendorff]], architect of 1919 Great Summer Offensive; [[Wilhelm Groener]], former governor of Allgemeine Ostasiatische Gesellschaft; [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck]], hero of the operations in Africa during the Weltkrieg; [[Manfred von Richthofen]], the Red Baron, still very popular; and [[Werner von Blomberg]], architect of the Mitteleuropa alliance. Also bestowed with this title are the three German kings, save the King of Prussia: [[Rupprecht, King of Bavaria|Rupprecht]] of Bavaria, [[Friedrich August IV, King of Saxony|Friedrich August IV]] of Saxony and [[Albrecht, King of Wurtemberg|Albrecht]] of Wurtemberg.

Some foreign officials of friendly countries are also officially German Field Marshals, such as all the monarchs of [[Mitteleuropa]], [[Ferdinand I]] of Bulgaria, [[Haile Selassie I]] of Abyssinia, [[Pu Yi]] of China, [[Otto I]] of Austria-Hungary, [[Mehmed Cavid Pasha]] of Ottoman Empire, [[Alfonso XIII]] of Spain and [[Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen]]. The exiled King of England, [[George V]], and British Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught are still Generalfeldmarschalls, but due to their country's position during the Weltkrieg, these honourific titles are generally considered null and void.

== Foreign relations ==

Alliance (also known as Mitteleuropa) with [[Flanders-Wallonia]], [[Finland]], [[United Baltic Duchy]], [[Lithuania]], [[Ukraine]] and [[White Ruthenia]]

Colonialist relationship with [[Abyssinia]], [[Qing Empire]] and [[Poland]]

Friendly relations with [[Austria]]-[[Hungary]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Spain]]

Declared hostility against [[Commune of France]], [[Socialist Republic of Italy]], [[Union of Britain]], [[Canada]] and [[National France]]

== Colonial empire ==

German colonial possessions in Europe: Crete, Malta

German colonial possessions in Africa: The Freistaat [[Mittelafrika]], the Suez Canal Zone, German Somaliland, Madagascar, Mauritius Island, Reunion Island, Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Morocco

German colonial possessions in Asia: [[Allgemeine Ostasiatische Gesellschaft]], German Indochina, the Kiaochow Bay Concession, Singapore, German Borneo, German Yemen, Ceylon, and Hainan Island

German colonial possessions in Oceania: Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, the Bismarck Archipelago, the German Solomon islands, Bougainville Island, Angenehm Island, the Marshall Islands, the Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands, and German Samoa

== Culture ==

=== Women in Germany ===

While economic and social forces have ensured that women fill many jobs in the major cities, particularly in service industries and clerical work, the conservative Reich establishment has thus far prevented them from having a vote in Reichstag elections (although some of the more progressive states, such as Wurttemburg and Baden, have permitted female voting in Regional Assemblies). However, the long presence of female politicians in public life, not least of whom is [[Rosa Luxemburg]], grandmother of German Socialism, has made Frauenwahlrecht a hot political issue.

=== Literature ===

Germany´s top author at the moment is [[Erich Paul Remark]], whose anti-war book 'Durchbruch' (1929), followed by 'Der Weg vorwärts' (1931) have become immensely popular, despite opposition from the Großer Generalstab. He is currently working on his third book, set after the final armistice with Britain. Some rumors speak of an alternate history novel, "[[Führerreich]]", telling the story of a Germany which lost the Weltkrieg. Nobel Price [[Thomas Mann]] is a well-known admirer of the Kaiser, and has often been named a potential foreign minister due to his personal prestige. [[Ernst Jünger]], who inaugurated the fashion of the "Weltkrieg diaries" (depictions of the war from the point-of-view of the soldiers), is currently a high-ranking official in the Mittelafrikan administration. German writers have also been involved in extreme politics: [[Bertolt Brecht]]'s plays barely avoided censorship due to their celebration of syndicalist values, although this has been diluted somewhat in those plays which he has made with his far more conservative collaborator [[Oswald Spengler]], while [[Alfred Rosenberg]]'s nationalist read-through of German philosophy (Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche) has a limited but noticeable audience in Germany.

=== Music ===

While Germany officially endorses classical music - especially Wagner, Bach, Brahms, Mozart, Händel and all German composers, it isn´t quite as popular as it once was. Even the Kaiser has begun worshipping Scott Joplin. The spouse of [[Kronprinz Wilhelm]], Princess Cecilie, is a well-known friend of contemporary musicians. Prestigious composers amongst the likes of [[Siegfried Alkan]], Bogislaw Hubermann, Wilhelm Kempff, Elly Ney, [[Wilhelm Furtwängler]] and Herbert von Karajan often perform small concerts for the royal family at Cecilienhof Palace.

=== Cinema ===

Babelsberg studios, in Berlin's suburbs, are the greatest in Europe and rival even Hollywood in production, quality and number of films. German cinema has become a worldwide industry, and the dream factory for the whole of Europe. Moreover, in large part due to the efforts of the now deceased Friedrich Murnau, it has managed to surpass its tentative roots as a mere government propaganda tool, and take a more artistic approach. Popular with the German public are the likes of [[Hans Albers]] and [[Marlene Dietrich]], and the renowned comics of Ernst Lubitsch, though Fritz Lang's works are often considered too dark and realistic for viewer's tastes.

=== Painting, sculpture, architecture ===

The Dada wave has also spread to Germany, a divided country who enjoyed the favorable conclusion of the Weltkrieg while it suffered of the long war and blockade: Max Ernst and George Grosz's work, for instance, is characterized by the trauma of the war years. In urbanism, [[Walter Gropius]] and his young rival, [[Albert Speer]], struggle for the attention of the German government, intent on majestic monuments in memory of the Weltkrieg. [[Arno Breker]]'s statues, first conceived as a celebration of the German man, were censored due to their nudity, judged indecent by German authorities.

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:German-related topics]] [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Mitteleuropa]] [[Category:Monarchies]]

Russia

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:08:39 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Tchourakoff

Brazil

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 14:07:52 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Straczynski

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''República Federativa do Brasil''' '''Federative Republic of Brazil '''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/125px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil.svg.png
 Flag and Coat of Arms of Brazil
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Ordem e Progresso (Order and Progress)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Hino Nacional Brasileiro
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Portuguese
|-
|'''Capital''' || Rio de Janeiro
|-
|'''Head of State''' || Artur da Silva Bernardes
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || Fernando de Melo Viana
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Independence from Portugal
|
|-
|      Declared
|September 7 1822
|-
|      Recognized
|August 29 1825
|-
|Republic
|November 15 1889
|-
|'''Government'''
|Presidential republic
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Real
|-
|'''Area'''
|8 514 877 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 40 millions
|-
|}

'''Brazil''' is the largest country in South America. It borders the [[Caribbean Federation]], [[Netherlands|Dutch Guiana]] and [[Venezuela]] to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, [[La Plata]] to the south, [[Bolivia]] to the southwest, [[Peru]] to the west and [[Colombia]] to the northwest.

== History ==
After the abolition of slavery in 1888, the ideals of Republicanism gained much support from across all regions in the Brazilian Empire. This, combined with decreasing support to the House of Orleans and Braganza, culminated in the military-supported declaration of the Republic of Brazil, in 1889. The 1891 constitution was based on the US constitution, granting considerable autonomy to the provinces and, under the first elected presidents, the domestic situation stabilized.

However, Brazil soon fell into serious economic trouble, lurching from crisis to crisis. In an effort to alleviate these troubles, Brazil's foreign minister, José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior, the last Baron of Rio Branco, oversaw the extension of the Brazilian territory through a series of treaties with Britain, France, [[Colombia]], [[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], Argentina and Uruguay, which saw the country's territory grow by over 250.000 square miles.

The flourishing of Brazil's export trades with Europe after the [[Weltkrieg]] contributed greatly to the wealth of the nation, decreasing the chances of any major economical crisis across the late-1910s and 1920s. Growing industries and a high influx of immigrants led to a strong industrial proletariat, and with these demographic changes so did urban Brazilian society too. The politics of Brazil, however, are still based on the ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_com_leite Café com Leite]'' doctrine of dominance of the federal government by the landed oligarchies of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The presidency of Arthur Bernardes and his vice-president Estácio Coimbra (1922-1926) saw the consolidation of the labour movement around the Brazilian Workers' Confederation (''Confederação Brasileira dos Trabalhadores''), which sponsored heavy strikes in the southern states.

Arthur Bernardes was succeded in the presidency by Washington Luís and Fernando de Melo Viana (1926-1930), whose term was marked by greater unsatisfaction against the federal government by the elites of the other states - and also by the industrialists of São Paulo -, agrarian revolts in the Northeast, plus nationalist and populist thoughts appearing among the middle classes and the armed forces. The status-quo was mantained across the subsequent terms of Júlio Prestes and Vital Soares (1930-1934, after nearly surviving a coup attempt by the military just after his election) and Arthur Bernardes' second term, now with his new vice-president Fernando de Melo Viana.

Since 1933, however, trade with Europe and North America started to decline and many fear that a global economic crisis could be approaching. A blow to the Brazilian economy already came in 1934, when the country decided to intervene on Bolivia's side in the [[Great South American War]]. Despite a successful initial advance towards the La Plata river, Brazil was unable to withstand the pressure when Argentinean forces counterattacked in 1935, and the Brazilian troops were forced on a great retreat. With Argentinean forces poised to take Curitiba and her own armed forces in disarray, Brazil sued for peace.

Since this humiliating defeat, the fragile Brazilian First Republic has been on the brink of its end, as dissent against the federal government becomes more and more apparent, old rivalries between different sectors of society are awaken and extremist thoughts dominate the political speeches of both left and right-wing. Emergency elections have been called for August, and some say that only a miracle can save democracy in Brazil.

== Politics ==
'''President''': Artur da Silva Bernardes 
'''Vice-President''': Fernando de Melo Viana 
'''Ministry of Foreign Affairs''': Otavio Mangabeira 
'''Minister of Industry''': Washington Luis Pereira de Souza 
'''Minister of Justice''': Riccardo Cassiano 
'''Head of the Council of National Defence''': Costa Neto 
'''Minister of War''': Henrique Teixeira Lott 
'''Marshal of the Army''': Goes Monteiro 
'''Minister of the Navy''': Jorge Martins 
'''Chief of the Air Forces''': Mourão Filho

Since Brazil's defeat against Argentina and the subsequent formation of the Union of La Plata, Arthur Bernardes' government has been rocked by crisis time and time again and by pressures from dissenting political factions. Emergency elections have been called for August, with the main political forces in the country participating.

The '''''Aliança Nacional Libertadora''''' (ANL, National Liberation Alliance) is a broad-front of left-wing parties and organizations, composed of three main factions. The '''''Confederação Brasileira dos Trabalhadores''''' (Brazilian Workers' Confederation) is their main force, an umbrella group for several major syndicates and trade unions, exposing a doctrine based on mainstream, English-inspired Syndicalism. The second great force of the ANL is the '''''Partido Socialista Revolucionário''''' (PSR, Socialist Revolutionary Party), the party of choice of the left-leaning ''petite-bourgeoisie'', Marxist intellectuals and Orthodox Socialists. Their third main group is the '''''Bloco Operário e Camponês''''' (BOC, Workers' and Peasants' Bloc), of anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist tendency, claiming to represent the interests of industrial labourers, but also the only major political force to include Brazil's agricultural workforce on their programmes.

A minor force within the ANL is the rump '''''Partido Comunista Brasileiro''''' (PCB, Brazilian Communist Party), sometimes considered the last of the world's great communist parties. Founded in 1922 and much present on the very early days of the labour movement, the PCB is now a shadow of its former self, as a great part of its leaders and members have moved to other movements and parties. The strict adherence to the old Soviet Bolshevist doctrine by the party inner circle is seen by most as the main reason for its failure. The party is expected to formally announce its dissolution in early 1936, all the while their old guard is keeping an eye on the developments of the Totalist ideas in Britain.

In the next elections, the ANL will present the PSR's Edgard Leuenroth as their candidate to the presidency.

The '''''Liberal-Democratas''''' (Liberal-Democrats) is an ad-hoc coalition of several major and minor centre-left and liberal political parties, under the leadership of former president Júlio Prestes and his '''''Partido Republicano Paulista''''' (São Paulo Republican Party). The coalition has great support from the urban middle classes of the Southern and Southeastern states, as they present themselves as a politically-experienced and moderate alternative to the present situation.

Further to the right, we have the '''''Republicanos''''' (Republicans), an union of conservative parties, joining landowners and industrial capitalists with the right-wing forces of the military under the leadership of populist Getúlio Vargas. They have their greatest voting base on Vargas' home state of Rio Grande do Sul, and also on the conservative Northern and Northeastern states.

The fourth main coalition is the authoritarian '''''Ação Integralista Brasileira''''' (AIB, Brazilian Integralist Action), the nationalist and populist party under Plínio Salgado, expressing their extremist ideology of Integralism.

The role of the military in Brazilian politics must also not be disconsidered. Apart from the usual Generals who will, from time to time, attempt to meddle in politics, the '''''Tenentes''''', the nonpartisan but reformist and politically-influenced junior officers of the Army and Navy, can - and will - be mobilized by any side of the political spectrum.

== Military ==
=== Army ===
Brazil has a medium-sized professional army for defence purposes, consisting in three infantry division (one with an artillery brigade), one cavarly division and a couple of badly-trained militias. After the defeat in the [[Great South American War]] in 1935, a rebuilding of the Brazilian Army (''Exército Brasileiro'') is expected.

=== Navy and Air Force ===
The ''Marinha do Brasil'' consists of two outdated battleships, two outdated light cruisers and six transport flotilla. The ''Força Aérea Brasileira'' comprise only a squadron of interceptors.

== Foreign Relations ==
* Very good relations with [[United States]] and [[Portugal]].
* Friendly relations with [[Italian Federation]] and [[Germany]].
* Unfriendly relations with [[La Plata]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:American countries]]

Mexico

Admin — Thu, 29 Dec 2016 12:41:48 GMT

Admin: Reverted edit of Dinu, changed back to last version by Straczynski

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Estados Unidos Mexicanos''' '''United Mexican States'''
</big></big>
| align="center" colspan="2"|
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;"
|
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.svg.png
 Coat of Arms of Mexico
|}
|-
| align=center style="background:#f9f9f9;" font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Motto''' ''Patria, Libertad, Trabajo y Cultura (Country, Liberty, Work and Culture)''
|-
| align=center font-size:95% colspan=2 | '''Anthem''' Himno Nacional Mexicano
|-
|'''Official Languages''' || Spanish
|-
|'''Capital''' || Mexico City
|-
|'''Head of State''' || [[Emiliano Zapata]]
|-
|'''Head of Government''' || [[Vicente Lombardo Toledano]]
|-
|'''Establishment'''   - Indipendence from Spain
|
|-
|      Declared
|November 6 1813
|-
|      Recognized
|September 27 1821
|-
|      Observed
|September 16 1810
|-
|'''Government'''
|Socialist Republic
|-
|'''Currency'''
|Peso
|-
|'''Area'''
|1 972 550 km²
|-
|'''Population'''
|About 19 millions
|-
|}

'''Mexico''' is a country in Central America. It borders the [[United States]] to the north and [[Centroamerica]] to the south.

== History ==
The failure of the 35-year long regime of president Porfírio Díaz, a series of political crisis between competing factions of the elite and the fraudulent elections of 1910 where among the first causes of the Mexican Revolution. Over the first years of that decade, the Revolution changed from a revolt against the Díaz government to a multi-sided civil war involving the middle classes, indigenous peoples, the peasantry, industrial workers and several military cliques. Conservative forces under general Victoriano Huerta sought, starting in 1913, to reimpose the old Porfirian order, but revolts ensued in the northern states under Venustiano Carranza and peasant leader Emiliano Zapata.

While Huerta was forced to resign in July 1914, the proposed Convention of Aguascalientes, an attempt to sort out a new revolutionary order, failed. Former allies now started fighting each other in yet another round of armed struggle. While the Zapatistas formed an insurrectional army in the southern states, Pancho Villa formed a guerrilla force in the north. While Carranza's Constitutionalist Army fought against both rebel armies, the fight would occasionally spill across the Rio Grande, with occasional attacks on American troops and the famous raid by Pancho Villa on the city of Columbus, New Mexico, in March 1916. This attack prompted an American punitive expedition under general John Pershing which, although failed to completely capture Villa's forces, contributed to the international community recognizing the Carranza administration as the legitimate government of Mexico.

The Constitutionalist Army would decisively defeat the forces of Zapata and Pancho Villa at the Battle of Celaya in April 1915, paving the way for a new constitutional convention. Despite Carranza being confirmed as the new president of Mexico, the 1917 Constitution still contained many left-wing aspects, including anti-clerical elements, worker's rights and the basis for a broad land reform in favor of the peasantry.

In the south, Constitutionalist forces under Pablo Gomes attempted to wipe out Zapata's army, but the Zapatista guerrilla tactics prompted the involvement of colonel Jesus Guajardo with the duty to kill Emiliano Zapata. Disagreements between the many Carrancista factions allowed Zapata the daring move to offer Guajardo to change sides. The famous Engaño de Chinameca, in which Guajardo's forces defected to Zapata, taking with them lots of weapons, supplies and men, allowed Zapatismo to remain in fighting form for the rest of the Revolution.

By early 1919, General Alvaro Obregón had decided to use his immense popularity to run in the 1920 presidential elections. Carranza himself announced that we would not participate in these elections, instead endorsing an obscure diplomat, Ignácio Bonillas, planning to use him as his puppet. Near election day, Carranza attempts to arrest Obregon, who instead flies to the state of Guerrero. General Alfonso De La Huerta announces the Plan of Agua Prieta, a planned insurrection to depose Carranza. The pronunciamento is a success, with over 70% of the Mexican army joining the plan. Carranza refuses to surrender and attempted to flee to Veracruz, but was betrayed. He was assassinated on the 21st of May 1920 in the mountains north of Puebla.

Zapatista troops moved to take advantage of the situation, quickly displacing the forces of Pablo Gomes and capturing important cities such as Cuernavaca, Cuautla, Xochimilco and Toluca, reaching Mexico City itself before Obregón's forces. Although the forces of both Obregon and De La Huerta are superior to Zapata's, these leaders accept forming a government to rule the country and avoid a new bloody campaign, putting an end to the armed phase of the Revolution. Obregon became the new president of Mexico, while Zapata was confirmed as minister of finance in order to carry his planned land reform projects. Pancho Villa was offered the post of ambassador in the newly-formed Commune of France, coming into contact with socialist leaders such as Raymond Molinier, Pierre Frank and Alfred Rosmer.

Under Obregon, major reconstructions plans were initiated, intended to rebuild damaged infrastructure. Zapata's land reform redistributed nearly 45 million acres of arable land to the peasantry, creating the ejido system of communal ownership of land. Obregon's work was continued by the next presidents De La Huerta (1923) and Jesus Guajardo (1928), with Zapata finally being elected president of Mexico in the 1932 elections.

The Zapata government is marked by an even greater investment in agriculture, allowing the ejidos to become productive enough to grow cash crops such as coating and henequen. Despite not being in best terms with Villa, Zapata makes him his foreign minister, which helps creating stronger diplomatic bonds with the Commune of France.

Despite the great progress so far, the presidential elections remain a mistery. Pancho Villa, supported by both Zapata and De La Huerta, is expected to be elected the new president, while totalitarian socialist Plutarco Calles may cause some surprises. Also, the USA had become more unstable in the last years, and a civil war in the neighboring country looms in the horizon. The question of the article 27th of the constitution still needs an answer in the matter of taking over the mineral and oil resources of the nation out of foreign hands…

== Politics ==
'''President''': [[Emiliano Zapata]]

'''Acting President''': [[Vicente Lombardo Toledano]]

'''Secretary of Foreign Affairs''': Eduardo Hay

'''Secretary of Economy''': Enrique Estrada Reynoso

'''Secretary of Public Safety''': Doroteo Arango Arambula

'''Head of the Military Intelligence''': Plutarco Elias Calles

'''Secretary of National Defense''': Augustin Mendoza Cais

'''Commander-in-Chief of the National Defense Army''': Plutarco Elias Calles

'''Commander-in-Chief of the Mexican Navy''': Heriberto Jara Corona

'''Commander-in-Chief of the Mexican Air Force''': Agustin Olachea Aviles

== Military ==
=== Army ===
The National Defense Army consist of seven infantry division (one with an artillery brigade) and two outdated cavalry division.

=== Navy and Air Force===
The Mexican Navy comprise only one destroyer whereas the Mexican Air Force comprise only one squadron of interceptors.

== Foreign Relations ==
Friendly relations with [[Centroamerica]], [[Union of Britain]] and [[Commune of France]].

Unfriendly relations with [[United States]] and [[Caribbean Federation]].

[[Category:Countries]] [[Category:American countries]]