Fluids lecture notes - Revision history

149.166.218.54: /* Aldosterone - renin = angiotensin */

2010-04-12T19:39:58Z

Aldosterone - renin = angiotensin

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, 12 April 2010
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	*Increase in Blood Volume = increase in BP = increase in GFR = increase in Na secretion.		*Increase in Blood Volume = increase in BP = increase in GFR = increase in Na secretion.

-	=====Aldosterone - ~~renin = angiotensin~~=====	+	=====Aldosterone - Renin - Angiotensin=====
	*Aldosterone is the major player in regulating electrolytes.		*Aldosterone is the major player in regulating electrolytes.
	*It is released after renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparataus because:		*It is released after renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparataus because:
-	***of decreased bp at afferent arteriole	+	**of decreased bp at afferent arteriole
	**of increased activity of renal sympathetic nevers that innervate granular cells		**of increased activity of renal sympathetic nevers that innervate granular cells
-	**decrease in ~~NaCl to macular~~ densa cells	+	**of a decrease in osmolarity of filtrate as sensed by the macula densa cells
	*Missed a slide of the juxtamerlul apparatus.		*Missed a slide of the juxtamerlul apparatus.
	*Target of aldosterone is the distal tubule and the collecitng duct. It causes the insertion of sodium channels.		*Target of aldosterone is the distal tubule and the collecitng duct. It causes the insertion of sodium channels.

2010-04-12T19:29:56Z

Extracellular dehydration=

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 12 April 2010
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	*Then they trigger the cerebral cortex and generate the feeling of thirst.		*Then they trigger the cerebral cortex and generate the feeling of thirst.

-	=====Extracellular dehydration======	+	======Extracellular dehydration======
	*Singaling goes to the hypothalamus.		*Singaling goes to the hypothalamus.
	*Can be triggered by:		*Can be triggered by:

2010-04-11T19:57:11Z

Body fluid compartments

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:57, 11 April 2010
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	===Body fluid compartments===		===Body fluid compartments===
	*Human body is a lot of water.		*Human body is a lot of water.
-	**There is a large variablitiy; because fat is ~~pro~~ water and muscle is ~~antiwater~~.	+	**There is a large variablitiy; because fat is anti water (hydrophobic lipids) and muscle is pro water (hydrophilic).
	*Most of the water is in the intracellular space; 20% in extracellular fluid.		*Most of the water is in the intracellular space; 20% in extracellular fluid.
	**Blood plasma is a minor part of the extracellular fluid; most of it is the fluid that is outside the cells that bathes the organs.		**Blood plasma is a minor part of the extracellular fluid; most of it is the fluid that is outside the cells that bathes the organs.

2010-04-07T18:17:39Z

Calcium regulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:17, 7 April 2010
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	====Calcium regulation====		====Calcium regulation====
		+	*Calcium plasma concentration important fo rmany functions
		+	*regulated by:
		+	**release from bone
		+	**reabsorption in kidney
		+	**excretion in intestine
	*We release from the bones or collect in the bones.		*We release from the bones or collect in the bones.
	*We used PTH and calcitonin to do this.		*We used PTH and calcitonin to do this.

2010-04-07T18:14:45Z

Potassium regulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:14, 7 April 2010
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	**This happens mostly in the distal tubule.		**This happens mostly in the distal tubule.
	**Two factors that control this: plasma K concentrations and aldosterone.		**Two factors that control this: plasma K concentrations and aldosterone.
-	***Remember that we said increases in K can cause aldosterone release. This happens because .~~..?~~	+	***Remember that we said increases in K can cause aldosterone release. This happens because aldosterone activates the EnAC channels which causes Na reabsorption leading to K secretion.

	====Calcium regulation====		====Calcium regulation====

2010-04-07T18:12:51Z

Potassium regulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:12, 7 April 2010
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	**This happens mostly in the distal tubule.		**This happens mostly in the distal tubule.
	**Two factors that control this: plasma K concentrations and aldosterone.		**Two factors that control this: plasma K concentrations and aldosterone.
-	***Remember that we said increases in K can cause aldosterone release. This happens because ... ?	+	***Remember that we said increases in K can cause aldosterone release. This happens because ...?

	====Calcium regulation====		====Calcium regulation====

2010-04-07T18:10:43Z

Miscellaneous

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 7 April 2010
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	**If salt is limited, then if you stimulate insulin release because you just ate something, you'd want to conserve everthing: sugar, salt, fat, etc.		**If salt is limited, then if you stimulate insulin release because you just ate something, you'd want to conserve everthing: sugar, salt, fat, etc.
	**but if there is plenty of sugar, the insulin goes up (hyperinsulinemia) such that sodium gets absorbed too much. This increases blood pressure (a hallmark of hyperinsulinemia from insensitivity).		**but if there is plenty of sugar, the insulin goes up (hyperinsulinemia) such that sodium gets absorbed too much. This increases blood pressure (a hallmark of hyperinsulinemia from insensitivity).
-	*Poorly absorbed ~~ions~~	+	*Poorly absorbed anions

	====Potassium regulation====		====Potassium regulation====

2010-04-07T18:09:50Z

Miscellaneous

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:09, 7 April 2010
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	**Can bind the aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid) receptor. Doesn't usually happen because in cells with a mineralcorticoid receptor also ahve an enzyme that digests glucocorticoids. When the enzyme is over run, though, they bind. This can happen in pts getting lots of glucocorticoids. This can increase blood pressure.		**Can bind the aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid) receptor. Doesn't usually happen because in cells with a mineralcorticoid receptor also ahve an enzyme that digests glucocorticoids. When the enzyme is over run, though, they bind. This can happen in pts getting lots of glucocorticoids. This can increase blood pressure.
	*Estrogen		*Estrogen
-	**~~Distracted~~	+	**have effects on the aldosterone - stimulated pathway
	*Insulin		*Insulin
	**If salt is limited, then if you stimulate insulin release because you just ate something, you'd want to conserve everthing: sugar, salt, fat, etc.		**If salt is limited, then if you stimulate insulin release because you just ate something, you'd want to conserve everthing: sugar, salt, fat, etc.

2010-04-07T18:07:10Z

Atrial natiureti peptidec

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 7 April 2010
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	=====Atrial natiureti peptidec=====		=====Atrial natiureti peptidec=====
	*This is exactly opposite of aldosterone.		*This is exactly opposite of aldosterone.
-	*Get specifics from Omar.	+	*Get specifics from Omar...update, get specifics from Peter.
	*Responds to BP in 4 ways:		*Responds to BP in 4 ways:
	**inhibits Na reabsorption		**inhibits Na reabsorption

2010-04-07T18:06:37Z

Atrial natiureti peptidec

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:06, 7 April 2010
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	*This is exactly opposite of aldosterone.		*This is exactly opposite of aldosterone.
	*Get specifics from Omar.		*Get specifics from Omar.
		+	*Responds to BP in 4 ways:
		+	**inhibits Na reabsorption
		+	**opposes the effect of ADH on water channels
		+	**supresses the release of ADH and renin
		+	**can cause vasodilation
		+	***all of the reduce BP.
	*This reduces blood pressure.		*This reduces blood pressure.