Editing Violence and Accidents

by Karen Seidel

VIOLENCE AND ACCIDENTS

The '''[[May 16]]''', '''[[1891]]''' issue of '''[[Eugene]]’s''' Oregon State Journal reported a single mother’s suicide in Shedd, a young man killed by being struck in the breast by a horse’s hoof while judging a horse race at Seaside, an Albany woman’s painful injury by sticking her scissors into her side when she fell off a fence while cutting flowers, and two Eugene men in a horse-drawn wagon almost killed by trying to beat the Roseburg express train across the railroad tracks near the [[University of Oregon]]. From painful accidents to fatal incidents the local newspapers in the late 1800s covered them, and, as continues to be the case in the late twentieth century, people were interested in reading about them. Data from the U.S. Census Bureau show that violence and accidents were the second leading cause of death (behind consumption) of Oregonians in '''[[1870]]''' and '''[[1890]]'''.

Drownings were the leading cause of these deaths — proportionately much higher than in the
country as a whole. The presence of mighty undammed and unbridged rivers must have been a
factor. Early settlers not only had to ford or ferry across these rivers; they also traveled, worked, and played on them.

The Willamette claimed its share of victims. J. E. Goodman was drowned at Independence in [[1884]] while watering a horse. [[Hurlburt, Charles|Charles Hurlburt]], of the [[Hurlburt Brothers bakery]], restaurant and confectionery in [[Eugene]], drowned in [[1891]] while fishing with friends. The Hubble family met their misfortune in [[1889]], following a berry-picking outing on an island, when their buggy upset while refording the river. Mr. Hubble was eventually rescued, but he lost his wife, Emma, and two children. “This drowning casualty raises the list of victims to seven who have lost their lives in the water of the Willamette in the vicinity of Eugene during the last year,” said the Guard. 

The drownings with the most curious aftermath involved Minnie Luckey and Albert Wilson and the
swamping of their sailboat on the [[Siuslaw River]] near [[Florence]] in [[1889]]. Family members in Eugene traveled to Florence as soon as they heard the news, and began dragging the river to recover the bodies. They were unsuccessful until a “Mrs. Wheeler, the clairvoyant,” told them where to look on the river bottom. A few days later Wilson’s body was found as predicted, said the Oregon State Journal. “A day later the body of Minnie Luckey was found, but whether in the place in which it was then said to be lying is not reported.” 

As is still the case today, suicides were the second leading cause of violent and accidental deaths of Oregonians in the second half of the 1800s. In both Oregon and the United States, firearms and
poison accounted for half of the suicides in [[1900]]. The one example of a shooting death found in
Eugene newspapers involved Mr. T. J. Smith, who shot himself in the head in May '''[[1890]]'''. When Smith, 38, learned from his physicians that a brain tumor growing just above his neck would soon leave him insane, he told his friends that he would take his own life rather than die a “raving maniac.” He then drew up his will, asked his lawyer to leave the room, and pulled the trigger.

Morphine was the choice of Grant Osburn, age 26. Following a drinking and gambling spree in
Albany, he died from an overdose of the drug in June '''[[1888]]'''. “Grant’s misfortune and death were caused by getting into bad company and acquiring a taste for strong drink before he arrived at maturity,” said the Oregon State Journal. “But for these bad associates he would have been a blessing to society and an honor to his family.”

Two Eugene men died by slashing their throats. Both had had severe mental problems. Charles
McCormac, son of Rev. J. “Holy Joe” McCormac, was a promising young lawyer but became insane and
was committed to the state asylum in Salem. Jerry Luckey, father of Minnie Luckey, had also lost his
first wife and two children in a drowning incident near Crescent City, California in 1864, when the ship on which they were traveling to Oregon sank.

Guns were common household possessions on the frontier, and their careless handling and use contributed to many fatalities. For example, all 17-yearold Frank Hart had to do was fall from his seat on a wagon near the Cheshire post office (west of '''[[Veneta]]'''). Tragically, he fell on the muzzle of a loaded gun, which discharged, shooting him through the stomach.

By 1900, train accidents ranked fourth as a cause of accidental and violent deaths in Oregon. The Oregon and California Railroad, which ran through Eugene, appears to have been a fairly safe mode of transportation for a number of years. But the Oregon State Journal noted in October '''[[1889]]''' that
there had been four “smash-ups” between Eugene and Portland in the preceding three months, and
that “during the last year eleven or twelve men have been killed on the road, while during eleven years previous not a man was killed.”

Leland Mount, 17, of '''[[Cottage Grove]]''', died when he miscalculated a jump onto a moving train in
Saginaw. Leland and his friends had lately been in the habit of jumping on and off moving trains, the newspaper reported. “He had been warned and entreated to stop, but would not heed.”
One of the smash-ups in 1889 was deliberately caused. On '''[[July 28]]''', the southbound passenger train
ran off the tracks at Lebanon junction because of an open switch, killing the engineer. A few days later, an Albany man confessed that he and two others, while drunk, had opened the switch. The three were arrested and charged with murder. “Hanging is entirely too good for such base hoodlum devils or fools,” said the Journal.

For local travel, horses or horse-drawn wagons, buggies, and hacks were the preferred modes of
transport. Runaways were common, and mayhem was often the result. '''[[McCornack, Andrew|Andrew McCornack]]''', an early settler and Oregon legislator, died when a hack he was riding in with his wife, two children and a niece bolted after encountering a calf in a wheelbarrow on a road just outside Eugene. The tongue of the hack broke and ran into the ground, throwing Mr. and Mrs. McCornack violently out. “Mr. McCornack was almost instantly killed and Mrs. McCornack very severely injured,” said the Oregon State Journal. “The horses proceeded some distance and ran against a telegraph pole which threw the girls out, the boy having jumped out when the hack tongue dropped.”

Eugene newspapers ran frequent reports of fires occurring in businesses, homes, barns, and stables.
Eugene’s fire companies used hand-pulled carts, so response time could not have been swift. But most people must have managed to escape from burning buildings, because the local papers contained
few notices of deaths from burns. In one instance, a teenager from the coast mountains, who
with her mother had come to Eugene to '''[[pick hops]]''', died of severe burns sustained from a fire at Brown’s hop yard. And William Renshaw, age 63, in impaired health and subject to epilepsy, died from burns on Christmas Day 1886. “It is supposed he rose Christmas morning and built his fire as usual,” said the newspaper, “and was taken with one of his spells, falling into the fire.”

A serious, but fortunately non-fatal, scalding accident occurred at Eugene’s brewery in [[1875]], when employee Herman Berg fell from a walkway into a boiling kettle of beer. “His feet are scalded very bad, having a large pair of boots on at the time which filled with the boiling beer, nearly cooking them before they could be taken off,” the Oregon StateJournal reported. “Berg is attended by Dr. Sharples and is pronounced to be in a fair way to recover.” 

Homicides were often the result of personal grievances and robbery, according to Eugene’s newspapers. The Oregon State Journal reported in January 1876 that “on Thursday night, December 21st, B. DeLord, a merchant of South Mountain, who is said to have had a great deal of money, and who lived alone in his store, was foully murdered. No one has been arrested up to Christmas Day, and it is feared the murderers, whoever they may have been, have escaped.”

More space was given to the case of Mrs. Isaac Taylor of Cottage Grove, who killed Marion Martin in
December 1889. Mrs. Taylor testified that she was home alone when Martin came to her house and
made indecent proposals. She refused, but he would not be put off. In the ensuing struggle, Mrs. Taylor shot Martin twice with a pistol, once in the head. She then locked the house, went to the office of the justice of the peace, and gave herself up. The coroner and jury went immediately to the Taylor house and found evidence to support her story. The jury’s verdict was self-defense in resisting a criminal assault. The Journal described the sixty-five-year-old Martin as a prominent and generous citizen, but quarrelsome when drinking. “Last spring, while under the influence of liquor, he had a difficulty with his wife about money matters, and during the excitement she committed suicide,” the paper added. “Since then he has been drinking more than ever.”

[[Category:Lane County]]