Distributed Cognition - Revision history

Jsarmi: /* Embodied Interaction: Cognition distributed across material resources/Artifact Mediation */

Jsarmi — Sat, 01 Dec 2007 15:03:40 GMT

Embodied Interaction: Cognition distributed across material resources/Artifact Mediation

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 1 December 2007
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	==Embodied Interaction: Cognition distributed across material resources/Artifact Mediation==		==Embodied Interaction: Cognition distributed across material resources/Artifact Mediation==
-	The organization of a cognitive ~~systemâ��both~~ in development and in ~~operationâ��is~~ an emergent property of interactions among internal and external resources.	+	The organization of a cognitive system '''both''' in development and in operation is an emergent property of interactions among internal and external resources.
-	:#How do material resources (e.g. ~~oneâ��s~~ body, external resources, etc.) participate as elements of an individual cognitive system?	+	:#How do material resources (e.g. one's body, external resources, etc.) participate as elements of an individual cognitive system?
	:#How do material resources participate as elements of an collective cognitive system?		:#How do material resources participate as elements of an collective cognitive system?
	:#What processes emerge from the interactions among internal and external resources of an activity?		:#What processes emerge from the interactions among internal and external resources of an activity?

Jsarmi at 15:02, 1 December 2007

Jsarmi — Sat, 01 Dec 2007 15:02:48 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:02, 1 December 2007
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	*'''Principle 2.''' About the range of mechanisms that count as cognition.		*'''Principle 2.''' About the range of mechanisms that count as cognition.
-	Distributed cognition concerns itself with a broader class of cognitive events which go beyond the internal manipulation of symbols. Cognitive processes in the ~~“wild”are~~ characterized by ~~“functional relationships”~~ among diverse elements that participate together in them. In distributed cognition, one expects to find a system that can dynamically configure itself to bring subsystems into coordination to accomplish various functions.	+	Distributed cognition concerns itself with a broader class of cognitive events which go beyond the internal manipulation of symbols. Cognitive processes in the â��wildâ��are characterized by â��functional relationshipsâ�� among diverse elements that participate together in them. In distributed cognition, one expects to find a system that can dynamically configure itself to bring subsystems into coordination to accomplish various functions.

	=Three dimensions of distribution=		=Three dimensions of distribution=
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	==Embodied Interaction: Cognition distributed across material resources/Artifact Mediation==		==Embodied Interaction: Cognition distributed across material resources/Artifact Mediation==
-	The organization of a cognitive ~~system—both~~ in development and in ~~operation—is~~ an emergent property of interactions among internal and external resources.	+	The organization of a cognitive systemâ��both in development and in operationâ��is an emergent property of interactions among internal and external resources.
-	:#How do material resources (e.g. ~~one’s~~ body, external resources, etc.) participate as elements of an individual cognitive system?	+	:#How do material resources (e.g. oneâ��s body, external resources, etc.) participate as elements of an individual cognitive system?
	:#How do material resources participate as elements of an collective cognitive system?		:#How do material resources participate as elements of an collective cognitive system?
	:#What processes emerge from the interactions among internal and external resources of an activity?		:#What processes emerge from the interactions among internal and external resources of an activity?
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	=Primary Sources=		=Primary Sources=
-	~~Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000)~~
-	~~James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh~~
-	~~ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction~~
-	~~http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html~~

-	Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition,“ Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.	+	:* Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000). James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html Citeseer link]
		+
		+	:* Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition, Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.
		+
		+	:* Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.
		+
		+	:* Hutchins, E. (1990). The technology of team navigation. In J. Galegher, R. E. Kraut, & C. Egido (Ed.), Intellectual teamwork: Social and technical bases of collaborative work. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
		+
		+	:* Hutchins, E. (1994). Cognition in the Wild. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Hutchins, E. (1995). How a cockpit remembers its speed. Cognitive Science, 19, 265-288.
		+
		+	:* Hutchins, E. (1994) In search of a unit of analysis for technology use. Human-Computer Interaction, 9, 78-81.
		+
		+	:* Salomon, G. (1993) No distribution without individualâ��s cognition: a dynamic interactional view. In Salomon (Ed.) Distributed Cognitions. USA: CUP. p. 111-138.

-	~~Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.~~

	=Studies using DCog=		=Studies using DCog=

Jsarmi: /* References of Studies investigating DCog */

Jsarmi — Sat, 01 Dec 2007 14:59:09 GMT

References of Studies investigating DCog

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 1 December 2007
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	=Primary Sources=		=Primary Sources=
-	:* Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000). James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction~~. [~~http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html ~~Citeseer link]~~	+	Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000)
		+	James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh
		+	ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
		+	http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html

-	:* Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition,~~Ã¢ï¿½ï¿½~~ Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.	+	Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition,“ Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.

-	:* Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.	+	Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.

-	:* Hutchins, E. (1990). The technology of team navigation. In J. Galegher, R. E. Kraut, & C. Egido (Ed.), Intellectual teamwork: Social and technical bases of collaborative work. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.	+	=Studies using DCog=

-	:* ~~Hutchins~~, E. ~~(1994)~~. ~~Cognition in the Wild~~. ~~Cambridge~~, ~~MA: The MIT Press~~. ~~Hutchins~~, E. (~~1995~~)~~. How a cockpit remembers its speed. Cognitive Science~~, 19, ~~265~~-~~288.~~	+	:* Ackerman, M.S. and Halverson, C., Considering an Organization's Memory. in ACM 1998 Computer Supported Cooperative Work, (Seattle, WA, 1998), ACM Press, 39-48

-	:* ~~Hutchins~~, E. ~~(1994) In search of a unit of analysis for technology use~~. Human-Computer Interaction, ~~9, 78~~-81.	+	:* P. Wright, B. Fields and M. Harrison, Analysing Human Computer Interaction as Distributed Cognition: The Resources Model, Human Computer Interaction 15(1):1-42, 2000.

-	:* ~~Salomon~~, G. ~~(1993) No distribution without individual’s cognition: a dynamic interactional view~~. ~~In Salomon (Ed~~.) ~~Distributed Cognitions~~. ~~USA: CUP~~. ~~p. 111~~-~~138~~.	+	:* Zhang, J., & Norman, D. A. (1994). Representations in distributed cognitive tasks. Cognitive Science, 18 (1) , 87-122.

-	~~=References~~ of ~~Studies investigating DCog=~~	+	:* G. Fitzpatrick. The Locales Framework: Understanding and Designing for Wicked Problems. The Kluwer International Series on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, V. 1. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
		+
		+	:* Mark, G., Abrams, S., & Nassif, N. (2003). Group-to-group distance collaboration: Examining the 'space between'. In K. Kuutti, E. H. Karsten, G. Fitzpatrick, P. Dourish & K. Schmidt (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th european conference of computer-supported cooperative work (ecscw 2003) (pp. 99 - 118). Helsinki, Finland.

Jsarmi: /* Primary Sources */

Jsarmi — Sat, 01 Dec 2007 14:41:12 GMT

Primary Sources

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 1 December 2007
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	:* Hutchins, E. (1994). Cognition in the Wild. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Hutchins, E. (1995). How a cockpit remembers its speed. Cognitive Science, 19, 265-288.		:* Hutchins, E. (1994). Cognition in the Wild. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Hutchins, E. (1995). How a cockpit remembers its speed. Cognitive Science, 19, 265-288.
		+
		+	:* Hutchins, E. (1994) In search of a unit of analysis for technology use. Human-Computer Interaction, 9, 78-81.
		+
		+	:* Salomon, G. (1993) No distribution without individual’s cognition: a dynamic interactional view. In Salomon (Ed.) Distributed Cognitions. USA: CUP. p. 111-138.

	=References of Studies investigating DCog=		=References of Studies investigating DCog=

Jsarmi: /* Primary Sources */

Jsarmi — Sat, 01 Dec 2007 14:33:32 GMT

Primary Sources

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:33, 1 December 2007
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	=Primary Sources=		=Primary Sources=
-	:* Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000). James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. [[ http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html Citeseer link]]	+	:* Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000). James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html Citeseer link]

-	:* Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition,~~â��~~ Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.	+	:* Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition,Ã¢ï¿½ï¿½ Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.

	:* Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.		:* Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.

Jsarmi: /* Primary Sources */

Jsarmi — Sat, 01 Dec 2007 14:33:01 GMT

Primary Sources

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:33, 1 December 2007
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	=Primary Sources=		=Primary Sources=
-	Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000)	+	:* Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000). James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. [[ http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html Citeseer link]]
-	James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh	+
-	ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction	+
-	http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html	+

-	Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition,“ Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.	+	:* Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition,â�� Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.

-	Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.	+	:* Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.
		+
		+	:* Hutchins, E. (1990). The technology of team navigation. In J. Galegher, R. E. Kraut, & C. Egido (Ed.), Intellectual teamwork: Social and technical bases of collaborative work. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
		+
		+	:* Hutchins, E. (1994). Cognition in the Wild. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Hutchins, E. (1995). How a cockpit remembers its speed. Cognitive Science, 19, 265-288.

	=References of Studies investigating DCog=		=References of Studies investigating DCog=

Jsarmi: /* Primary Sources */

Jsarmi — Sat, 01 Dec 2007 14:19:19 GMT

Primary Sources

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:19, 1 December 2007
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	ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction		ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
	http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html		http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html
		+
		+	Hutchins, E. The Social Organization of Distributed Cognition,“ Chapter 13 in Perspective on Socially Shared Cognition, L. B. Resnick, J. M. Levine, and S. D. Teasley (eds.), American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 1991, 283-307.

	Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.		Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.

	=References of Studies investigating DCog=		=References of Studies investigating DCog=

Admin at 18:50, 9 April 2007

Admin — Mon, 09 Apr 2007 18:50:57 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 18:50, 9 April 2007
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	:#How does culture, i.e. a history of material artifacts and social practices, shape distributed cognitive processes?		:#How does culture, i.e. a history of material artifacts and social practices, shape distributed cognitive processes?
	:#What cultural processes contribute to the development of knowing and action (e.g. by accumulating partial solutions to frequently encountered problems)?		:#What cultural processes contribute to the development of knowing and action (e.g. by accumulating partial solutions to frequently encountered problems)?
		+
		+	=Primary Sources=
		+	Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research (2000)
		+	James Hollan, Edwin Hutchins, David Kirsh
		+	ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
		+	http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/hollan00distributed.html
		+
		+	Hutchins, E. (1995): Cognition in the Wild, Cambridge Mass. & London, MIT Press.
		+
		+	=References of Studies investigating DCog=

Jsarmi: /* 2 Central Principles */

Jsarmi — Fri, 06 Apr 2007 18:32:48 GMT

2 Central Principles

←Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 6 April 2007
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	::'''Knowledge generation''' can be traced through the movement of representation states in a system. This tracing characterizes the organization of the system that affords performance, as individual member and as a functioning group.		::'''Knowledge generation''' can be traced through the movement of representation states in a system. This tracing characterizes the organization of the system that affords performance, as individual member and as a functioning group.

-	=2 Central Principles=	+	=Two Central Principles=

	*'''Principle 1.''' About the boundaries of the unit of analysis for cognition.		*'''Principle 1.''' About the boundaries of the unit of analysis for cognition.
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	*'''Principle 2.''' About the range of mechanisms that count as cognition.		*'''Principle 2.''' About the range of mechanisms that count as cognition.
-	Distributed cognition concerns itself with a broader class of cognitive events which go beyond the internal manipulation of symbols. Cognitive processes in the “wild”are characterized by “functional relationships” among diverse elements that participate together in them. In distributed cognition, one expects to find a system that can dynamically configure itself to bring subsystems into coordination to accomplish various functions.	+	Distributed cognition concerns itself with a broader class of cognitive events which go beyond the internal manipulation of symbols. Cognitive processes in the “wild”are characterized by “functional relationships” among diverse elements that participate together in them. In distributed cognition, one expects to find a system that can dynamically configure itself to bring subsystems into coordination to accomplish various functions.

	=Three dimensions of distribution=		=Three dimensions of distribution=

Jsarmi at 18:32, 6 April 2007

Jsarmi — Fri, 06 Apr 2007 18:32:30 GMT

New page

*'''Object of Study''': As a theory it is specifically tailored to understanding interactions among people and technologies.
*'''Goal:''' The theory of distributed cognition, like any cognitive theory, seeks to understand the organization of cognitive systems
*'''Unit of Analysis:''' a culturally constituted functional group (rather than an individual)
*'''Some Key Definitions:'''
::'''Information''' is reconceptualized as the propagation of representational states of mediating structures that make up the dynamic and substance of any complex system.
::'''Mediating structures''' include internal and external knowledge representations (knowledge, skills, tools, etc.)
::'''Knowledge generation''' can be traced through the movement of representation states in a system. This tracing characterizes the organization of the system that affords performance, as individual member and as a functioning group.

=2 Central Principles=

*'''Principle 1.''' About the boundaries of the unit of analysis for cognition.
Distributed cognition does not expect all cognitive events to be encompassed by the skin or skull of an individual.

*'''Principle 2.''' About the range of mechanisms that count as cognition.
Distributed cognition concerns itself with a broader class of cognitive events which go beyond the internal manipulation of symbols. Cognitive processes in the “wild”are characterized by “functional relationships” among diverse elements that participate together in them. In distributed cognition, one expects to find a system that can dynamically configure itself to bring subsystems into coordination to accomplish various functions.

=Three dimensions of distribution=

*Cognitive processes may be distributed '''across the members''' of a social group.
*Cognitive processes may involve '''coordination between internal and external''' (material or environmental) structure.
*Processes may be distributed '''through time''' in such a way that the products of earlier events can transform the nature of later events.

==Social Interaction: Cognition distributed across agents/Human Mediation==
Cognitive processes are socially distributed across the members of a group.
:#How are the cognitive processes we normally associate with an individual mind implemented in a group of individuals
:#How do the cognitive properties of groups differ from the cognitive properties of the people who act in those groups
:#How are the cognitive properties of individual minds affected by participation in group activities?

==Embodied Interaction: Cognition distributed across material resources/Artifact Mediation==
The organization of a cognitive system—both in development and in operation—is an emergent property of interactions among internal and external resources.
:#How do material resources (e.g. one’s body, external resources, etc.) participate as elements of an individual cognitive system?
:#How do material resources participate as elements of an collective cognitive system?
:#What processes emerge from the interactions among internal and external resources of an activity?

==Historical Interaction: Cognition distributed across time/Community Mediation==
The study of cognition is not separable from the study of culture, because agents interact in complex cultural environments that evolve over time.
:#How does culture emerge out of the activity of human agents in their historical contexts, as mental, material and social structures interact?
:#How does culture, i.e. a history of material artifacts and social practices, shape distributed cognitive processes?
:#What cultural processes contribute to the development of knowing and action (e.g. by accumulating partial solutions to frequently encountered problems)?